基于FPGA的步进电机细分驱动技术研究

受制造工艺的影响,步进电机的步距角一般较大,而且还存在低频振动,导致其只能应用在一些要求较低的场合.本文设计了一种基于FPGA芯片来实现步进电机细分驱动的方法.利用FPGA中的嵌入式存储模块存放各相细分电流所需的PWM控制波形数据表,并通过数字比较器同步产生多路PWM信号,对步进电机的转角进行均匀细分控制.测试结果表明,该步进电机细分驱动技术可以减小步进电机的步距角,提高电机运行的平稳性,增加控制的灵活性,具有较好的实用价值.     

步进电机细分驱动中绕组电流的修正

在步进电机细分驱动系统中，由于步进电机绕组电流与磁场幅值之间的非线性关系，以及步进电机转子的磁滞效应等因素，细分后得不到均匀的步距角，因此必须对细分电流的大小进行修正，讨论了修正的方法，并给出了修正后的实验数据。     

用DSP实现步进电机的步距角细分

细分技术作为一种提高步进电机步距分辨率的手段已被大量采用，步进电机采用细分驱动能提高分辨率，减少力矩波动，解决步进电机的低频共振问题，如何使步进电机的微步距角更均匀，一直是细分技术所研究的主要问题．该方法对由DSP实现反应式步进电机细分驱动的电流波形作了分析，实现了对步进电机的步距角细分控制．     

一种改进的步进电机驱动电源

对三相六拍反应式步进电机的受控交流模拟信号细分，给出了一种可变细分电源．文中介绍了电源的工作原理及驱动电路和保护电路．使用该驱动电源除可保持电机原有的性能外，还可使电机的步距角精度提高４倍     

基于DSP实现混合式步进电机的细分驱动系统

在分析了混合式步进电机和同步电机之间联系的基础之上，引入同步电机的电压空间矢量法实现步进电机步距角的细分，并给出细分驱动控制的实现算法。结合DSP技术的特点，介绍三相混合式步进电脉冲细分驱动系统设计，讨论了系统的硬件电路和软件实现。     

步进电动机的细分电流波形及其实现

针对步进电动机在实际应用中存在的低频振荡、高频出力不足、频率特性差等问题,提出按照线性加正弦规律波形对绕组电流进行细分.这种规律最接近于电机的非线性,因而可以实现步距角的等步距细分;同时便于计算和调整,通用性好.文中设计制作了同频脉宽调制细分驱动电路.大量试验证实了所提方法的正确性和可行性     

基于驱动电路3955的步进电机细分驱动器设计

为减小步距角,提高电机步进分辨率,在分析步进电机细分原理的基础上,提出一种基于全桥PWM驱动电路3955的两相步进电机细分驱动器设计方案,给出了系统的硬件结构和软件设计。该方案采用正弦/余弦细分方法,控制步进电机两相绕组的电流,实现了斩波恒流均匀细分驱动,最高细分达到128。所设计的驱动器已应用于数控车床改造中,采用导程为1 mm的精密滚珠丝杆,可实现每步位移0.4μm。实验结果表明该步进电机细分驱动器运行平稳、可靠性高,具有良好的运行矩频特性。     

步进电机的细分驱动技术研究

本文论述了以电流矢量恒幅均匀旋转原理为基础的步进电机细分技术,设计了基于单片机的SPWM控制的电流矢量恒幅均匀旋的细分驱动模式,并通过对软件数据的设置可以实现多种细分级数驱动控制.并在此基础上为修正误差引入电流反馈环节,实现了对混合式步进电机精确运行控制.     

功率步进电机的细分控制

使步进电机在细分状态下运行是提高步进电机伺服系统精度的途径之一.本文主要是从原理和方法上对功率步进电机如何实现细分控制进行分析,并且对细分控制中如何使电机绕组电流在高频情况下前后沿保持明显的阶梯,定时与定流控制,步距角的均匀问题,系统的振动等都进行了讨论.文中还介绍了时序脉冲发生器的设计.     

步进电机的细分驱动技术研究

本文论述了以电流矢量恒幅均匀旋转原理为基础的步进电机细分技术,设计了基于单片机的SPWM控制的电流矢量恒幅均匀旋的细分驱动模式,并通过对软件数据的设置可以实现多种细分级数驱动控制。并在此基础上为修正误差引入电流反馈环节,实现了对混合式步进电机精确运行控制。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-