利用硫酸渣生产铁精矿的研究

通过对硫酸渣的物质组成和矿物特性的研究，提出了一种联合工艺处理硫酸渣，可获得合格的炼铁原料．试验结果表明，硫酸渣铁含量51．56％，含硫1.36％的情况下，采用酸浸洗、磁选、水力旋流器分级工艺流程，可获得轶含量60．66％，含硫0．2％左右的铁精矿，金属回收率为43．6％．     

锌浸出渣的还原焙烧和人工硫化矿物浮选过程中硫酸铅和硫酸锌的反应行为

To evaluate the feasibility of recovering Pb and Zn sulfides and Ag-containing minerals from Zn leaching residue by the process of reduction roasting followed by flotation, the reaction behaviors of Pb and Zn sulfates during this process were investigated. Chemical analysis showed that the transformation ratios of PbSO₄ and ZnSO₄ could reach 65.51% and 52.12%, respectively, after reduction roasting, and the introduction of a sulfidation agent could improve the transformation ratios of these sulfates. scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS) revealed that temperature obviously affects the particle size, crystal growth, and morphology of the artificial Pb and Zn sulfide minerals. Particle size analysis demonstrated that the particle size of the materials increases after roasting. Flotation tests revealed that a flotation concentrate composed of 12.01wt% Pb, 27.78wt% Zn, and 6.975 × 10?2wt% Ag with recoveries of 60.54%, 29.24%, and 57.64%, respectively, could be obtained after roasting.     

Dolochar as a reductant in the reduction roasting of iron ore slimes

The present investigation examines the viability of dolochar, a sponge iron industry waste material, as a reductant in the reduction roasting of iron ore slimes, which are another waste generated by iron ore beneficiation plants. Under statistically determined optimum conditions, which include a temperature of 900℃, a reductant-to-feed mass ratio of 0.35, and a reduction time of 30-45 min, the roasted mass, after being subjected to low-intensity magnetic separation, yielded an iron ore concentrate of approximately 64wt% Fe at a mass recovery of approximately 71% from the feed iron ore slime assaying 56.2wt% Fe. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that the magnetic products contain magnetite and hematite as the major phases, whereas the nonmagnetic fractions contain quartz and hematite.     

优化配矿强化西澳超细粒磁铁精矿球团焙烧研究

进行了西澳超细粒磁铁精矿分别配加国产磁铁精矿和巴西赤铁精矿制备氧化球团矿的实验研究.结果表明,以100%西澳超细磁铁精矿为原料制备氧化球团矿时,球团预热及焙烧性能较差,在预热温度为1050℃、预热时间20 min及焙烧温度1300℃、焙烧时间40 min的条件下,预热球团和焙烧球团矿抗压强度分别为每个502和2313 N.西澳超细粒磁铁精矿配加40%国产磁铁精矿或20%巴西赤铁精矿时,球团适宜预热温度由1050℃分别降低到950和975℃,适宜的焙烧温度由1300℃分别降低到1250和1280℃;而且焙烧球团矿的抗压强度分别提高到每个2746 N和每个2630 N.焙烧球团矿的微观结构研究表明:配加国产磁铁精矿后,焙烧球团矿中Fe2 O3晶粒发育优良,晶粒间互联程度提高,晶粒粗大,孔隙率低,固结更加紧密.配加20%巴西赤铁精矿时,焙烧球团矿中Fe2 O3晶粒基本连接成片,Fe2 O3晶体发育良好.优化配矿是改善西澳超细粒磁铁精矿球团矿预热及焙烧性能的有效途径.     

钼精矿焙烧处理过程中典型杂质元素的热力学行为及分析

通过模拟实验结合X射线荧光光谱仪(X-ray fluorescence spectrometer,XRF)、电感耦合等离子光谱发生仪(inductively coupled plasma spectrometer,ICP)及矿物解离分析仪(mineral liberation analyser,MLA)等研究了钼精矿焙烧处理流程中多种杂质元素间的相互作用,在MLA对物相定量分析的基础上,采用Factsage7.0软件分析了钼精矿焙烧过程中不同杂质元素反应进行的热力学条件。结果表明：杂质元素在钼精矿及后续处理流程中的分布存在明显的粒度偏析,主要表现为K、Si等杂质更多以大分子量的矿物形式赋存在较粗粒度的钼精矿中,而Fe、Ca、Cu等杂质则更多以FeS₂、CaSO₄、CuFeS₂等小分子量的化合物形式赋存在较细粒度的钼精矿中。FeS₂、CaSO₄和SiO₂等杂质会在高温焙烧过程中与MoO₃形成致密度较高的混合物,降低Mo的浸出率。云母在钼...     

Mineralogy and carbothermal reduction behaviour of vanadium-bearing titaniferous magnetite ore in Eastern India

Vanadium-bearing titaniferous magnetite bands hosted by Precambrian gabbro-norite-anorthositic rocks or their metamorphic equivalents were discovered in some parts of Eastern Indian Shield, containing 48%–49% Fe (total), 10%–25% TiO₂, and 0.3%–2.20% V₂O₅ by mass. Mineralogical and petrological study, composition, and characterization of the vanadium-bearing titaniferous magnetite ore were carried out by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), wave length X-ray florescence (WDXRF), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), etc. Chemical beneficiation for valuable metals, such as Fe, Ti, and V, was performed by reduction roasting. The direct and indirect reduction were investigated by mixing the lump ore with solid activated charcoal in a closed reactor and purging the reducing gas mixture in standard reducibility index apparatus at different temperatures and time intervals. The reduction roasting parameters were optimized. Finally, the reduced samples were crushed and upgraded by magnetic separation. The results show that, the maximum mass fractions of magnetic and nonmagnetic parts achieved are 69.36% and 30.64%, respectively, which contain 10.6% TiO₂ and 0.84% V₂O₅ in the magnetic part and 36.5% TiO₂ and 0.22% V₂O₅ in the nonmagnetic part.     

东鞍山含碳酸盐铁矿石悬浮磁化焙烧试验

介绍了一种半工业试验用悬浮焙烧设备,并考察了焙烧温度、还原气体CO及流化气体N₂用量对东鞍山含碳酸盐铁矿石预富集粗精矿悬浮焙烧效果的影响.试验结果表明,在焙烧温度540℃,还原气体CO用量4m³/h及流化气体N₂用量2m³/h的条件下,焙烧物料经磨矿-磁选后可获得铁品位66.1%,回收率91.2%的铁精矿.铁的化学物相、光学显微结构及穆斯堡尔谱分析表明,经悬浮焙烧后弱磁性的菱铁矿和赤铁矿转化为了强磁性的磁铁矿,部分结晶粒度较粗(>100μm)的赤铁矿仅颗粒表面转变为磁铁矿,但这种Fe₂O₃@Fe₃O₄核壳结构的新生磁铁矿由于磁性较强,在后续磁选过程中依然能够得到有效的回收,并不会影响分选效果.     

Comprehensive recovery of lead,zinc, and iron from hazardous jarosite residues using direct reduction followed by magnetic separation

Lead, zinc, and iron were recovered from jarosite residues using direct reduction followed by magnetic separation. The influence of the coal dosage, reduction temperature, and reduction time on the volatilization rates of lead and zinc and the metallization rate of iron were investigated. The results show that the volatilization rates of lead and zinc were 96.97% and 99.89%, respectively, and the iron metallization rate was 91.97% under the optimal reduction roasting conditions of a coal dosage of 25.0wt% and reduction roasting at 1250℃ for 60 min. The magnetic concentrate with an iron content of 90.59wt% and an iron recovery rate of 50.87% was obtained under the optimum conditions in which 96.56% of the reduction product particles were smaller than 37 μm and the magnetic field strength was 24 kA/m. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate that recovering valuable metals such as lead, zinc, and iron from jarosite residues is feasible using the developed approach.     

大西沟难选菱铁矿石综合利用新工艺

采用强磁预选—磁化焙烧—磁选联合工艺对大西沟难选菱铁矿石进行试验研究.结果表明:在磨矿细度-74μm占55%、强磁粗选磁场强度318kA/m、强磁扫选磁场强度717kA/m的条件下，可得到TFe品位为28.47%、回收率为96.78%的强磁精矿；强磁精矿在中性气氛中于焙烧温度700℃、焙烧时间40min、磨矿细度-43μm占95%、弱磁选磁场强度104kA/m的综合条件下，获得TFe品位为59.29%、回收率87.50%的精矿产品.XRD、光学显微镜和VSM等分析结果表明:难选菱铁矿和褐铁矿经焙烧后转变为易选磁铁矿，新生成的磁铁矿表面疏松多孔，多呈胶状，与脉石矿物紧密共生，其磁化强度和比磁化系数均显著提高.     

用还原焙烧法从硫铁矿烧渣中提取铁的研究

研究了高温还原焙烧、硫酸浸取提取硫铁矿烧渣中的铁。用碳作还原剂,800℃以上温度、反应时间约20min时铁的提取率达90%以上,得到的还原渣可以在温和条件下浸出。得到的FeSO4提取液不需再经还原,便于净化,适于作透明氧化铁颜料、磁性铁氧体等高档用品的原料。     

细菌菌株MS1的铅锌抗性和吸附性能研究

从广东凡口铅锌尾矿分离到1株重金属抗性细菌菌株MS1,该菌株对Pb2+ 和Zn2+的最小抑制浓度分别为4和40 mmol/L.菌株MS1能在17~37 ℃和pH3~13条件下生长,最适生长温度和pH分别为27 ℃和7.菌株MS1对高渗透环境有较强的适应性,最适生长盐度为4%.当Pb2+和Zn2+浓度分别为2和10 mmol/L时,60h内菌株MS1对Pb2+和Zn2+的最大吸附量和最大吸附率分别为13.9、20.0 mg/g和23.3%、25.2%.菌株MS1对Zn2+的吸附能力大于对Pb2+的吸附能力.     

腐殖酸对污灌土壤中Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn形态影响的研究

选用白银地区污灌土壤为供试样品,在土样中分别加入腐殖酸、EDTA、柠檬酸三钠和乙酸,采用连续浸提法对比研究了外源腐殖酸对污灌土壤中有毒重金属不同形态的影响.实验结果表明,在污灌土壤中添加腐殖酸可改变土壤对重金属不同形态的吸持能力,使具有直接生物毒性的重金属可溶态急剧减少60%~80%,重金属氧化物结合态、碳酸盐结合态及有机结合态增加,从而降低重金属在土壤中的流动性、活性和生物可利用性.     

Highly Zn, Mn-rich calcite in calcareous tufa from the Qixiashan Pb-Zn Mine, Nanjing: a possible candidate for Zn-Mn removal from mining impacted waters

The exploitation of metallic mines may cause serious environmental problems. The removal of the heavy metals from the contaminated mining environments has become an urgent issue. In this paper, the occurrence and distribution of heavy metals in the calcareous tufa collected from the mining laneway of the Qixiashan Pb-Zn Mine in Nanjing were investigated by using multiple mineralogical techniques. Examination by X-ray diffraction spectrum (XRD) shows that calcite is the major component of the calcareous tufa. Several heavy metals such as Mn, Zn, Mg, Fe and Pb are detected in calcite by means of electron microprobe analysis. Although the heavy metal contents in the hostrock and the formation water are significantly low, the contents of Mn, Zn, Mg, Fe and Pb in the tufa calcite are as high as 23.65 wt%, 9.6 wt%, 0.76 wt%, 4.44 wt% and 0.66 wt%, respectively. The back-scattered electron image shows complex compositional zoning texture in the tufa, which is linked directly to variations in heavy metals, particularly in Mn and Zn. In addition, we also observed floccule and helical precipitations, which may be derived from the metabolism of the microbe. It is deduced that the occurrence and high concentration of heavy metals in tufa may be controlled by the activities of microbes. The results presented in this work suggest that calcite will be an important candidate for the remediation of the heavy metal contamination in mining areas. Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB815603), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40573001) and the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20050284044)     

硫酸渣脱硫制备高品质铁精矿研究进展

利用硫酸渣脱硫制备高品质铁精矿具有良好的的工业利用价值,不仅可以解决烧渣的综合利用问题,而且可以解决其对环境影响的问题.本文系统介绍了硫酸渣脱硫制备高品质铁精矿的脱硫技术方法、工艺流程及最新研究进展.硫酸渣脱硫方法主要有化学法、联合法和生物法.化学法主要包括酸浸、碱浸,联合法可分为碱浸-酸浸、浮选-磁选、重选-浮选、磁化焙烧-磁选等联合工艺方法.比较了这些方法的工艺路线及存在的优缺点,提出了生物法具有良好的工业应用前景,展望了该方法未来的研究方向为:高效脱硫菌种的选育,生物脱硫液的循环使用,硫酸渣生物脱硫协同回收有价金属,生物脱硫过程基础理论及工程化技术研究等.     

等离子发射光谱法同时测定西红柿叶标样(ESP-1)中铜、锌等含量

采用微波消解技术对西红柿叶标准样品(ESP-1)进行前处理,用等离子发射光谱法同时测定西红柿叶标准样品(ESP-1)中铜、锌、铁、锰、铅、镉的含量,结果表明:该方法快速准确,对同时测定植物样品以及其它固体样品中多种金属元素的含量具有很好的参考价值.     

生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中Zn、Pb、Cu的浸出特性

测定了飞灰中Zn、Pb、Cu的浸出毒性及浸出率与pH值的关系,并利用MINTEQA2模型对它们的浸出率以及不同pH值下的主要存在形态进行了模拟。结果表明:Pb、Cu、Zn的模拟浸出值与实测浸出值基本相符,模拟浸出值可反映实际浸出情况;pH值在8~12之间时Zn、Cu、Pb的浸出率接近0;pH<7.5时,Zn的浸出率高达70%~80%,pH值>12时,随着pH值的增加,Pb与Zn的浸出能力逐渐增强;pH<2时,Zn、Cu、Pb的浸出率较大,表明三种重金属在强酸条件下容易浸出。了解重金属在不同pH值下的浸出情况可以帮助预测各种环境中重金属的潜在危害性,并可通过改变环境pH值控制重金属的浸出。     

利用硫铁矿烧渣制备高纯氧化铁的研究

以硫铁矿烧渣为原料，经过磁选、熟化、除杂等生产工艺制备了超细氧化铁粉末和铁盐。研究了熟化温度、时间及合成因素对产品粒度的影响。制备的产品粒度为亚微米级、纯度达99．5％以上。为硫铁矿烧渣的综合应用开辟了新的途径。     

酒糟对模拟矿山酸性废水中Pb2+和Zn2+的吸附特征

为了探索生物质材料酒糟对重金属离子的吸附效果,采用静态吸附实验研究废水pH值、Pb2+和Zn2+初始质量浓度以及吸附时间对酒糟吸附模拟矿山酸性废水中Pb2+和Zn2+的影响. pH值为4时酒糟对Pb2+和Zn2+的吸附量分别达到最高值,酒糟对Pb2+的吸附等温线特征符合Langmuir方程,对Zn2+的吸附等温线特征符合Freundlich方程,对Pb2+和Zn2+的最大吸附量分别为8.29 mg·g-1和15.31 mg·g-1.酒糟对Pb2+和Zn2+的吸附反应在4 h后达到平衡,吸附动力学特征均符合拟二级动力学模型.酒糟中纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的质量分数分别为23.3%、65.5%和0.5%,吸附Pb2+和Zn2+后3种物质的含量发生变化,分别为19.6%、42.3%和2.6%.酒糟电负性随pH值升高呈正比增加,吸附Pb2+和Zn2+后电负性减弱.红外光谱分析结果显示酒糟中参与吸附反应的基团主要有酰胺基和酯基.     

造纸污泥焚烧中Zn/Cu/Ni/Mn的热力学平衡分布

采用化学热力学平衡分析方法,应用造纸污泥实测数据预测了其焚烧中重金属(Ni、Mn、Zn和Cu)的迁移和转化规律.研究结果表明,考虑矿物质存且在低温条件下,造纸污泥焚烧中重金属Ni和Zn易与Fe2O3结合形成稳定的固体化合物,从而抑制了Ni和Zn的挥发性,而对Mn和Cu没有影响.焚烧温度为400—1800K范围内有矿物质存在条件下,Mn未出现其气体产物,而其他三种金属在高温条件下则以其气态单质或气态氧化物挥发进入大气环境.焚烧过程中只有小部分气态CuCl生成,未见其它气态金属氯化物;在焚烧温度为400—1800K条件下未发现金属硫化物或者硫酸盐生成,表明在有矿物质存在条件下S对金属的挥发性影响很小.在未考虑矿物质存在条件下,S在低温条件下易与重金属结合形成金属硫酸盐固体从而拟制了金属的挥发;随着温度的升高,Cl和重金属易形成金属氯化物气体,促进了金属的挥发特性,并且Cl对Cu的挥发影响较大,其次为Zn和Mn,影响较小的金属是Ni.从而根据污泥在不同焚烧温度下不同的产物形态进行重金属的污染控制.     

新疆蒙其古尔砂岩型铀矿床含矿目的层中黄铁矿类型与铀成矿关系初析

黄铁矿是砂岩型铀矿床中常见的载铀矿物之一,可为成矿提供有利的还原环境。以新疆蒙其古尔砂岩型铀矿床含矿目的层中黄铁矿为研究对象,通过偏光显微镜观察与电子探针微区化学成分分析方法相结合进行研究。结果表明:区内含矿目的层中出露有三种不同形态的黄铁矿,即草莓状黄铁矿、立方体自形晶黄铁矿和不规则状黄铁矿,它们在结晶形态、赋存形式及化学成分方面均有所不同;其硫铁平均比值显示为S/Fe(草莓状)S/Fe(立方体自形晶)S/Fe(不规则状),化学成分总体呈现出富Mo、As、Co,贫Ni、Pb、Se、Zn、Ag、Sb。另外在铀成矿过程中,不规则状黄铁矿与铀矿物的分布存在密切关系,为成矿流体提供了必要的还原剂,继而为区内含矿目的层中铀的富集提供了有利条件。