Elemental composition of aerosols collected in the glacier area on Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibetan Plateau, during summer monsoon season

In order to investigate the elemental composition in atmospheric aerosols and its sources in the glacier area over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), seven totally suspended particle samples were collected continuously at the col of the Zhadang glacier (30°28′N,90°39′E,5800 m a.s.l.), Nyainqêntanglha Range, southern TP, from June to October 2006. Twenty-seven elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Cd, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U) were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result indicates that the concentrations of most elements (especially crustal elements) are lower than values at the Nam Co Station during the same period of 2005, and also much lower than other sites in the TP such as Wudaoliang and Waliguan. This suggests that elemental compositions of aerosols in the Zhadang glacier area may represent the background levels of the middle/upper troposphere over the TP. Crustal enrichment factors (EFs) reveal that several elements (e.g. B, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Bi) may have anthropogenic sources. The southern TP is mainly influenced by the summer Indian monsoon during the sampling period. Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggests that air masses in the region may originate from South Asia. Therefore, anthropogenic pollutants from South Asia may be transported by the summer Indian monsoon to the region which clearly affects the atmospheric environment in the southern TP during the summer monsoon season.     

不同地区菠菜微量元素的调查与研究

本文调查了吉林、山东、辽宁、河北四个省份的菠菜中微量元素Cu、Zn、Pb、K、Ca、Fe、Mn的含量状况,尤其着重研究了菠菜中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb的污染状况。调查结果显示,重金属Pb的含量最高,污染最严重。四个省份中,菠菜受Pb的污染比较严重的是吉林省;本实验所研究的菠菜受Cu的污染相对较轻,未受到Zn的污染。从综合污染指数来看,菠菜遭受重金属污染程度由重到轻依次为:吉林、河北、山东、辽宁。对于微量元素K、Ca、Fe、Mn,研究结果表明,菠菜中Fe和Ca的含量相对较高,K和Mn的含量相对较低。     

黄铁矿烧渣处理含铊重金属废水的研究

科学技术极大地提高了生产力,解放了人类,促进了社会的进步和发展。科技的发展在给人类带来福音的同时也带来了一系列负面效应,这在作为当代科技成果集中体现的计算机网络空间中尤为突出。“圆形监狱”一说作为一种以空间来象征权力的理想范例和极致模板首先由边沁提出,而后福柯在《规训与惩罚》中进一步将其描述为全景敞视主义。不管从技术基础、监视模式、空间划分、权力等级等各个方面看,似乎与任何束缚、控制、权力、统治、规训无涉的新型社会空间——网络空间,却在本质上不啻另一种新型的全景敞视“圆形监狱”,实际上是处于一种无形却又无所不在的信息监控网络中,成为了当代资本主义社会的新型统治和渗透手段。因此,传统社会空间中那种明显的、赤裸裸的权力与控制并没有凭空消失,而是以更加全面隐蔽而富有迷惑性的方式渗入网络空间中。这表明,随着现代性的进程,本身作为一种人工产物的网络科技,有可能脱离人的控制而走向未知的自主发展,成为后现代资本社会的新型统治手段而具有负面效应。     

Magnetic response to atmospheric heavy metal pollution recorded by dust-loaded leaves in Shougang industrial area,western Beijing

Fifty-five evergreen tree＇s leaves growing less than one year were collected from Shougang industrial area in western suburb of Beijing, including steel plants and its ambient residential areas, recreational parks and farmlands. Rock magnetic properties and heavy metal contents were studied. The results show that the magnetic properties of leaf samples are predominated by Iow-coercivity magnetite, and both the concentration and grain size of magnetite particles gradually decreased with the distance from the main pollution source increases. Moreover, there is a significant linear relationship between magnetic parameters （the low-field magnetic susceptibility, saturation isothermal remanent magnetization and anhysteretic remanent magnetization） and heavy metals contents （Fe, Pb, V, Cr and Zn） （0.73≤ R≤ 0.88）. Hence, the magnetic parameters of leaves can serve as a proxy for quick detecting of the recent atmospheric metallic pollution.     

胶州湾表层沉积物重金属分布研究

本文通过对胶州湾近海及滩涂不同站位表层沉积物重金属含量的研究。分析了胶州湾表层沉积物中重金属含量与水深、离岸距离等方面的关系,探讨了胶州湾表层沉积物重金属的来源和分布特征,为预防胶州湾重金属污染提供了参考依据。     

西沙海域海水中溶解态重金属的含量及其影响因子

对采自西沙海域海水中溶解态重金属Ni,Cu,Hg,Zn,Cr,Mn,Fe,Cd,Pb和Co的含量进行了测定,结果表明除了Pb,Ni外,该区域其他重金属的含量都在国家一类海水的标准范围内,但是该区域海水仍然具有近岸海水的特性.运用多元统计法探讨了重金属间的相关性,由因子分析法提出了控制西沙海域重金属含量分布的4个主因子:盐度,大气沉降,上升流和天然地球化学来源.     

A novel process for Fe recovery and Zn,Pb removal from a low-grade pyrite cinder with high Zn and Pb contents

Comprehensive utilization of pyrite cinders is increasingly important because of their huge annual outputs and potential valuable metals recovery to cope with the gradual depletion of high-grade mineral resources. In this work, a new process, i.e., a high-temperature chlorination-magnetizing roasting-magnetic separation process, was proposed for recovering Fe and removing Zn, Pb from a low-grade pyrite cinder containing 49.90wt% Fe, 1.23wt% Zn, and 0.29wt% Pb. Various parameters, including the chlorinating conditions (dosage of CaCl₂, temperature, and time) and the magnetization roasting conditions (amount of coal, temperature, and time) were investigated. The results indicate that the proposed process is effective for Fe recovery and Zn, Pb removal from the pyrite cinder. Through this process, 97.06% Zn, 96.82% Pb, and approximately 90% S can be removed, and 89.74% Fe is recovered as magnetite into the final product under optimal conditions. A purified magnetite concentrate containing 63.07wt% Fe, 0.16wt% P, 0.26wt% S, and trace amounts of nonferrous metals (0.005wt% Cu, 0.013wt% Pb, and 0.051wt% Zn) was obtained. The concentrate can be potentially used as a high-quality feed material for producing oxidized pellets by blending with other high-grade iron ore concentrates.     

厦门海沧周边海域表层沉积物中重金属的地球化学特征

研究了海沧周边海域表层沉积物为7种重金属（Fe、Mn、Cu、PbZn、Co、Zi）的含量,讨论了它们的分布趋势、相互关系和主要来源,结果表明,该海域表层沉积物中重金属的分布比较均匀,Pb、Zn、Co含量较高,Cu、Ni含量偏低,微量金属含量不受Fe-Mn氧化物控制,重金属主要来源于陆源风化产物和沿海散布的小型金属矿床,具有福建沿海口港湾沉积物普遍存在的地球化学特征。     

粉煤灰对钝化污泥重金属有效性影响

通过添加不同比例的粉煤灰对城市生活污泥进行钝化,系统的研究了粉煤灰对钝化污泥中金属元素Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Mn、Fe含量及其有效化的影响.结果表明:粉煤灰对污泥中有效态Cd、Pb、Ni、Cr、Mn、Fe具有钝化作用,其中对Cd和Fe的钝化效果最明显;但对Cu却有促进其向有效态转化的作用;总体上看钝化污泥人工土壤中重金属含量符合国家农用标准,而其中有效态Cd、Pb、Ni、Cr的含量均远远低于对植物体造成毒害的临界水平.     

Elemental composition in surface snow from the ultra-high elevation area of Mt. Qomolangma （Everest）

A total of 14 surface snow （0-10 cm） samples were collected along the climbing route （6500-8844 m a.s.h） on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma in May, 2005. Analysis of elemental concentrations in these samples showed that there are no clear trends for element variations with elevation due to redistribution of surface snow by strong winds during spring. In addition, local crustal aerosol inputs also have an influence on elemental composition of surface snow. Comparison between elemental concentration datasets of 2005 and 1997 indicated that data from 2005 were of higher quality. Elemental concentrations （especially for heavy metals） at Mt. Qomolangma are comparable with polar sites, and far lower than large cities. This indicates that anthropogenic activities and heavy metal pollution have little effect on the Mt. Qomolangma atmospheric environment, which can be representative of the background atmospheric environment.     

密云水库沉积物中重金属元素分布及形态研究

主要研究了北京市密云水库沉积物中重金属的总量以及形态分布特征,采用风险评价准则法(RAC)和Tucker3模型探讨沉积物中重金属的潜在危害性.结果表明,各重金属元素的平均含量都超过北京市土壤背景值,重金属元素有一定的富集.Cu有机结合态约占总量的3%～68%;Mn可交换态、碳酸盐结合态约占总量的1%～18%、7%～31%;Pb、Zn的铁锰氧化物结合态分别占总量的12%～53%、4%～27%;其它重金属均以铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态为主,平均含量占总量的80%以上.根据RAC法得出,Mn(除采样点18)处于中等风险甚至高风险等级;Pb、Zn、Cu属从低风险到中等风险级;Ni、V、Cr、Ti的潜在生态风险较低.该结论将为北京市密云水库保护、人体健康安全保护措施的制定提供科学依据.     

等离子发射光谱法同时测定西红柿叶标样(ESP-1)中铜、锌等含量

采用微波消解技术对西红柿叶标准样品(ESP-1)进行前处理,用等离子发射光谱法同时测定西红柿叶标准样品(ESP-1)中铜、锌、铁、锰、铅、镉的含量,结果表明:该方法快速准确,对同时测定植物样品以及其它固体样品中多种金属元素的含量具有很好的参考价值.     

南湖水体多相介质中重金属元素的分布特征

以南湖水体中的水、 沉积物、 生物膜和悬浮物为研究对象, 对重金属元素的分布与富集情况进行了研究. 结果表明, 不同采样点、 不同相中Zn的含量最高, Cd的含量最低, 但Cd的富集能力最强, 生物膜和悬浮物富集重金属的能力远大于沉积物的富集能力, 且Zn,Cu,Cd和Pb均表现出点源污染的特性; 采用社会科学统计程序（SPSS）相关分析方法分析了重金属元素（Zn,Cu,Cd,Pb,Fe和Mn）在固相介质中的相互关系, 结果显示, 沉积物、 生物膜和悬浮物中元素间的相关性趋势存在着一定差异, 3种固相介质中Cd与Fe的相关系数均大于Cd与Mn的相关系数, 而Pb与Fe的相关系数均小于Pb与Mn的相关系数, 说明铁氧化物对镉环境化学行为的贡献大于锰氧化物, 对铅环境化学行为的贡献小于锰氧化物.     

南京市几种行道树年轮重金属元素含量的变化

通过对南京市区干道行道树3个树种树木年轮中重金属元素Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb、Ti、Zn等9种元素的含量分析,发现自20世纪60年代以来,南京市行道树树木年轮中重金属元素含量总体上均表现出随时间逐渐上升的趋势,特别从1990年开始,南京市行道树树木年轮重金属元素含量的增长规律与南京市机动车的拥有量的变化规律表现出极显著的正相关关系,说明南京市机动车拥有量的增加应该是城市环境污染的主要因素之一。对比分析还发现,元素Cd、Ni、Pb、Zn增长幅度最为显著,可用于环境重金属监测。     

花垣河重金属污染与浮游生物群落DNA指纹的相关性研究

在测定花垣河河水重金属含量的基础上,对浮游生物群落DNA多态性进行了RAPD指纹分析,探讨了DNA指纹与重金属含量的相关性.结果显示,花垣河河水中Mn、Cd、Pb、Zn、Fe的含量高于《中国饮用水标准》,Mn、Cd、Pb含量高于《世界卫生组织饮用水标准》.八条随机引物共获得118条谱带,多态率为96.6％,所有引物在各位点可获得12-18条扩增谱带,平均14.8条.相似性聚类分析表明,花垣河浮游生物群落DNA指纹与花垣河水体重金属含量的聚类结果并不是完全一致的,与低浓度重金属污染呈现很好的相关性,与高浓度重金属污染相关性较差.对形成相应结果的原因进行了详细分析.     

金华市郊土壤和杂草元素含量特征及数量分析

测定浙江金华郊区 33个样点的土壤和 38种杂草的 5 1份植物材料中 K、Mg、Ca、Mn、Zn、Cr、Cu、Pb、Cd元素含量 ,结果表明 ,9种元素在土壤中的含量 K >Mg>Ca>Mn>Zn>Cr>Cu>Pb>Cd,在植物体内 K>Ca>Mg>Zn>Mn>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd。9种元素在土壤中的含量变异为 Mn>Cd>Ca>Zn>Cr>Cu>Mg>Pb>K;在杂草中 ,除 Zn、Mn外 ,其余 7种元素均以根部元素含量在种间的变异最大 ,地上部分的变异幅度比较接近。杂草对元素的富集作用为 Ca>K>Mg=Cd>Pb>Zn>Mn>Cu>Cr。Ca、K、Mg元素在植物的地上部分的含量高于地下部分 ,6种重金属元素中 ,仅 Mn在叶中的含量高于根部 ,其余均是根 >叶 >茎 >花果 (除 Cu外 )。生长于重金属污染环境下的空心莲子草 (Alternanthera philoxeroides)、卷耳 (Cerastium viscosum )、臭荠 (Coronopusdidymus)、钻形紫菀 (Aster sublatus)、光风轮 (Clinopodium conf ines)、水蓼 (Polygonum hydropiper)、水苦荬(Veronica undulata )、三白草 (Saururuschinensis)、鹅观草 (Roegneria kamoji )、波斯婆婆纳 (Veronica persica )、石龙芮 (Ranunculus sceleratus)、水芹 (Onanthe javanica )、龙葵 (Solanum nigrum )、一年蓬 (Conyza annunus)、北美车前 (Plantago virginica )、直立婆婆纳 (Veronica arvensis     

Stable dislocation configuration in the surface layer of metals

The stable dislocation configuration in the surface layer of metals was calculated according to dislo-cation energy theory. It was shown that the stable dislocation configuration was only influenced by Burger's vector, while dislocation line could fluctuate closely around the direction vertical to free sur-face in a limited range.     

Paleoproterozoic reworking of ancient crust in the Cathaysia Block, South China: Evidence from zircon trace elements, U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopes

A combined study of zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating, trace elements and Hf isotope was carried out for gneissic granite from the Sanzhishu area in Jingning, SW Zhejiang Province. Nearly all the zircons separated from the granite exhibited oscillatory zoning and high Th/U ratios (>0.1). The REE profile showed a pronounced positive Ce anomaly, negative Eu anomaly and an enrichment of HREE, which are typical characteristics of magmatic zircon. Thirteen concordant or nearly concordant analytical data yielded a weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 1860±13 Ma (MSWD=0.084), representing the formation age of the granite. The magmatic zircons had negative εHf(t) values of −15.6 to −10.0 and two-stage Hf model ages of 3.1 to 3.4 Ga, indicating that the granites were formed by reworking of ancient crust. The major- and trace-element data indicate that the gneissic granites are metaluminous high-K calc-alkaline rocks and exhibit the same geochemical characteristics as aluminous A-type granites, implying the emplacement of the granite in a post-orogenic extensional tectonic setting. We conclude that the Paleoproterozoic crustal reworking event in the Cathaysia Block of South China marked the transition from assembly to break-up of the Columbia supercontinent. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40873004), Special Funds for National Scientific Research of Commonweal Industries, the Ministry of Land and Resources of China (Grant No. 2008110015), Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University (Grant No. 06LCD12) and the Project of Land and Resources Bureau of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. 2004005)     

九龙江流域土壤－蔬菜系统中重金属的迁移、分布、积累

研究了九龙江下游地区７种重金属元素（Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｐｂ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ）在土壤－蔬菜系统中的分布、积累规律，土壤污染指数，土壤和蔬菜的Ｃｄ／Ｚｎ比值，蔬菜对重金属元素的吸收率、富集率．结果表明该区土壤中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ三种元素污染较严重，多个样点的土壤污染指数大于１，而元素Ｐｂ仅两个样点的污染指数接近于１，区内样点的Ｃｄ／Ｚｎ值均小于１％，Ｃｄ在蔬菜体内积累未达到危害程度，蔬菜对重金属元素吸收率、富集率随不同样点而异．     

贵州盘县大气降尘重金属污染含量特征与来源分析

通过2012年对贵州盘县大气降尘样品逐月收集,并利用微波消解、ICP-MS对降尘中重金属元素（Al、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、As、Pb、Ni、Cr、Cd、Hg）的含量进行测定,运用富集因子、相关性和主成分分析其来源与贡献。结果表明：盘县降尘重金属以Fe、Al为主,春季Fe含量最高为33784 mg/kg,其他依次为Zn〉Cu〉Mn〉Pb〉Ni〉Cr〉As〉Cd〉Hg。与贵州省土壤背景值相比,降尘中Zn、Cr、Pb的含量较低,Cd、Hg、Cu的含量较高。富集因子法表明：降尘中Hg富集程度较高,Cu、Mn、Ni、As、Cd、Zn、Pb有一定程度的富集,Fe、Cr属于自然源。通过相关性和主成分分析,认为Ni、Cu、As与燃煤相关,Pb、Hg与金属冶炼相关,Cr与地面扬尘相关,其贡献率分别为50.41%、28.86%、20.72%。与其他城市相比较,盘县降尘中Mn、Cr、Pb、Zn的含量偏低,As、Hg、Cd的含量偏高。