φ6.5 mm线材的轧制工艺优化

简述用动态规划法按能耗最低和张力最小对高线产品(4,6．5mm钱材)的轧辊孔型进行全程优化设计的方法与实例。结果表明，此优化设计方法可节约轧制能耗7．51％，使精轧总张力系数下降47．44％，为降低成本和提高产品精度提供了保证。     

基于质量功能展开方法的电动静液作动器设计参数优化

提出了基于QFD(质量功能展开)的优化设计方法,以EHA(电动静液作动器)能耗最小和作动筒质量最轻为目标,满足强度约束条件,定义EHA系统的参数关系矩阵(PRM),建立其优化设计模型.以某型EHA设计参数为例,应用遗传算法进行了优化.优化后的EHA质量减轻23.57%,能耗降低36.46%.优化结果表明,该设计方法值得在EHA设计中推广应用.     

面向节能的建筑设计多目标优化方法

考虑绿色建筑设计时重点关注的两个指标(节能和舒适度),建立绿色建筑节能设计的多目标优化模型;采用建筑能耗模拟软件EnergyPlus评价个体的适应值,利用基于分解的多目标进化算法优化上述模型,给出融合EnergyPlus的建筑节能多目标进化优化算法及其执行方法.以我国北方常见的多房间居民建筑为例进行多目标优化,结果表明:相比NSGA-II等经典智能优化设计算法,所提方法在只增加了0.61%能耗的基础上减少了1.29%的不舒适时间.     

不加热埋地集油管网参数优化设计

不加热集输是油田高含水开发期经常采用的一种能耗较低的工艺流程。为了提高油田开发建设的经济效益,以管线管径、保温层厚度和管顶埋深为设计变量,管网建设投资、动力能耗和热力能耗最小为目标研究建立了不加热埋地集输油管道多目标参数优化设计的数学模型。该模型属于混合变量的非线性优化设计问题。根据模型的结构特点,采用线性加权法将多目标优化问题转化为单目标优化问题,然后采用序列二次规划法进行求解。对某区块集输管网进行了优化设计。与优化前相比,管网投资降低5.64%,热力能耗降低39.55%,动力能耗增加37.01%。     

钢厂空分产品能耗结构

针对钢厂的空分现状及存在的问题,从空分精馏原理出发,以空分流程以及空分产品的能耗作为切入点,提出合理计算氧、氮和氩产品成本的方法,并将该方法应用于各种空分产品的能耗以及能耗分摊比例的计算. 该方法解决了由于氧、氮和氩互为副产品而带来的单个产品能耗无法确定的问题,消除了以往计算产品能耗时人为规定能耗分摊比例的缺点.     

机床主轴制动控制的研究

主要研究了机床主轴在多挡机械变速场合下异步电动机的能耗制动情况,介绍了基于PLC控制的能耗制动时间的优化设计思路与实现方法,该方法对相关机床的设计和改造具有一定的参考价值.     

应用折返式拉丝机生产冷轧带肋钢筋的工艺研究

研究了在折返式拉丝机上应用反张力拉拨技术生产冷轧带肋钢筋的工艺，从理论和实践的两方面揭示了反张力与金属变形能耗的关系，还就如何控制和提高产品机械性能进行了讨论。     

基于投入产出模型的生产流程能耗敏感性分析

通过纳入副产品流向和流量,使拓展后的企业投入产出模型能够更全面地反映生产流程中各种物质流和能流的相互作用,也能更准确求出各产品的能值和总能耗.在此基础上,结合敏感性分析,建立了最终需求量和技术系数两类因素变化对总能耗影响的数学关系,从而找到工业生产流程中影响能耗最关键的因素.计算分析湘钢的产品能值和总能耗结果表明:总能耗的90%以上来源于化石燃料,而不足10%来源于外购物料的上游能耗;副产品回收利用能减少62.5%的总能耗;焦炉对洗精煤的单耗、高炉焦比、1#转炉的铁水单耗、含铁物流的利用效率和高炉的技术优化(烧结矿单耗和煤气产率)对能耗影响最为显著.     

有杆抽油泵沉没度的优化设计方法

机抽井泵的沉没度是影响泵效和系统效率的重要因素。通过分析有杆泵抽油系统的能耗,以机采系统效率最高为目标,确立了机采系统优化设计的目标函数和约束条件,同时分析泵效对机采系统效率的影响以及影响泵效的因素,给出了沉没度和其他抽汲参数的优化设计方法。应用结果表明,以优化设计方法来确定泵的沉没度,可明显降低能耗,提高系统效率和经济效益,为油田生产提供设计依据。     

基于次优化解群的冷冻水泵组全年能耗评价方法

对冷冻水泵组能耗提出一种次优化的全年能耗评价方法,并根据此评价方法使用一种经优化的随机走步法进行水泵型号优化设计;通过实例计算分析了控制压差、额定流量对全年能耗特性的影响,并对不同变频控制方式进行了比较.结果表明:使用随机走步法进行次优化寻优在对传统优化方法的局部最优与收敛性问题上表现较好,由负荷率分布不同所造成的系统全年总能耗差异可达50%以上,在对系统进行能耗评估时必须考虑全年负荷率分布;控制旁通回路压差较大、额定流量较小的系统,低能耗区域更宽,中能耗区域也相应较宽,各负荷率下能耗偏离系统的极限最低能耗较远,能耗评价较宽松;在大部分情况下,随着额定总流量或控制压差的增加,使用同步变频控制变得有利.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.