鄂尔多斯盆地长6油层组储集砂岩成岩作用及其对储层性质的影响

根据鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长6油层组储集砂岩的岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜等测试分析资料,研究了长6油层组储集砂岩的特征.长6储集砂体主要为长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩,成分成熟度普遍较低,结构成熟度中等-好.储层发育粒间孔隙、粒内溶孔、晶间孔及微裂缝等多种孔隙类型,其中以剩余粒间孔隙最为发育.储集砂岩岩性致密,孔隙结构总体上属于细小孔隙微细喉道,具较强的非均质性.储层物性相对较差,总体属于低孔-低渗储层,但在大面积低渗背景下存在低-中渗透高产区域.压实作用、胶结作用和溶解作用是影响盆内三叠系砂岩物性及孔隙发育程度的主要成岩作用类型,在成岩过程中溶解作用和绿泥石胶结环边有利于盆内优质储层的形成.     

陆梁油田陆151井区头屯河组储层特征及影响因素分析

运用储层地质学理论,结合岩石薄片、铸体薄片、压汞资料、物性资料以及扫描电镜和"X"衍射结果,对头屯河组储层岩石学特征、孔隙类型及结构特征进行了研究,并分析了影响储层储集性能的主要因素。研究表明,头屯河组岩石类型以长石质岩屑砂岩为主,填隙物主要为粘土矿物、碳酸盐矿物;原生孔隙和次生溶蚀孔隙构成了该储层的主要储集空间,孔隙结构类型划分为5类,其中以中高孔中高渗、中高孔低渗和中孔低渗型为主;沉积作用与成岩作用是影响储层物性的关键因素。     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组碎屑岩储层低渗特征及含油性主控因素

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组发育陆相坳陷型湖泊三角洲相低渗储层。在岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X光衍射、自生伊利石K-Ar同位素测年等分析的基础上，对该地区延长组长6-长2段低渗致密储集砂体的岩石学特征、孔隙类型、物性特征、成岩动力学及孔隙演化特征进行了研究，并对低渗透储层的含油气性进行了分析。结果表明：①该组砂体以长石砂岩为主，次为岩屑砂岩和长石质岩屑砂岩，矿物成熟度低；②孔隙类型包括残余粒间孔、晶间孔、溶蚀孔和微裂缝，其中残余粒间孔是储层的主要储集空间；③主要成岩作用包括机械压实作用、溶蚀作用、碳酸盐胶结作用、自生粘土矿物胶结作用等，其中溶蚀作用产生的次生孔隙对储层物性的改善不足；④成岩作用开始较早、塑性岩屑颗粒大量变形、压实作用强烈是导致早期砂岩孔隙丧失的根本原因，碳酸盐岩胶结作用、次生孔隙不发育是造成后期储层岩石致密的主要因素。含油气性分析结果表明，砂体的不同沉积成因类型是层间含油气性差异的主控因素；同一成因砂体内部的非均质性是层内含油气性差异的主控因素。     

湘西北地区震旦—三叠系储层特征及分布规律

石门—桑植震旦系—三叠系地层中发育的储层主要包括两大类,即碳酸盐岩和砂岩。在对大量普通薄片、铸体薄片详细观察研究的基础上,根据孔隙的成因及结构,将石门—桑植震旦系—三叠系储层的储集空间划分为：原生残余粒间孔、次生粒间溶孔、次生粒内溶孔、窗格孔隙、超大溶蚀孔、裂缝。通过储层物性特征分析,认为沉积作用及成岩后生作用是该区储层物性的主控因素。其中沉积相对储层物性的好坏起着决定性作用。研究结果表明该套地层中的储层类型多样,但储层物性较差,多数为低孔、低渗储层,只有上三叠统鹰嘴山组中的砂岩储集性能较好。     

饶阳凹陷留西地区沙三段低渗储层特征及控制因素研究

综合岩心资料、薄片资料、压汞资料、物性资料等多种资料,对饶阳凹陷留西地区东北部沙三段低渗储层进行了研究.研究表明,研究区沙三段砂岩储层岩石类型以岩屑质长石细砂岩、长石细砂岩为主,岩石成分成熟度和结构成熟度中等,反映近物源的特征.通过薄片资料、分析化验资料,认为研究区沙三段储层主要经历了压实、胶结、交代及溶解等成岩作用,孔隙组合类型以残余原生粒间孔、次生粒间孔和粒内溶孔为主.根据物性资料,显示研究区储层多以中-低孔、低渗为特征.研究区储层平均埋藏3175 m,受沉积作用、成岩作用的双重控制,孔隙发育较差,储层致密,是造成沙三段砂岩低孔、低渗的主要原因.进一步研究表明沉积作用是储层低渗主控因素,影响储层原始物性;成岩作用中压实作用起主导作用,胶结作用进一步破坏物性,溶蚀作用改善储层物性,特别体现在沙三底部因溶蚀作用形成大量次生孔隙,使得物性优于其他小层砂体.     

吴定地区延长组长4+5砂岩储层特征研究

目的对鄂尔多斯盆地吴定地区延长组砂岩储层储集物性特征进行研究。方法通过常规物性、岩石及铸体薄片、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、高压压汞等多项测试方法,对鄂尔多斯盆地吴定地区长4+5储层含油砂体的岩石学特征、储集类型、孔隙结构特征、岩心孔隙度和渗透率的相关性进行分析和研究。结果研究区储层岩石类型主要为岩屑长石砂岩,岩石中原生粒间孔隙较少,主要为次生粒间孔隙、溶蚀粒内孔及铸模孔、填充物内溶孔。压汞分析表明,储层孔隙结构特征变化较大,以微细喉道为主,岩心普遍排驱压力偏高,退汞效率偏低,孔隙度与渗透率间的线性相关性不好,储层为低孔特低渗储层。结论岩屑、云母和填隙物含量较高及抗压实性能不足是导致研究区储层低孔低渗的重要物质原因,储层具有一定的储集性能,但产能大小与有效微裂缝的存在密切相关。机械压实作用是储层孔隙丧失的主要外在因素,压实作用使原始沉积物的孔隙度减少了62%,较高含量的铁方解石使岩石胶结致密并充填在孔隙空间导致岩石进一步致密化,建设性成岩作用对储层物性改善不足。     

油层砂岩成岩作用及其对储层性质的影响

陕北三延地区三叠系延长组长6油层为典型低孔、特低渗储层,该类储层成岩作用类型非常复杂,在埋藏成岩过程中各种成岩作用对砂岩的原生孔隙的保存和次生孔隙的发育都产生重要影响,从而控制了储层物性纵横向变化;强烈的压实作用及胶结作用导致原生孔隙丧失殆尽,是形成特低孔渗储层的主要原因,而较弱的晚期溶蚀作用,特别是方解石、浊沸石溶解对储层的改善发挥较大作用,才使鄂尔多斯盆地延长组发育部分亮点储层,成为有利的储集-成岩相带。     

延吉盆地下白垩统砂岩储层特征研究

通过扫描电镜、铸体薄片、普通薄片、压汞曲线以及孔隙度和渗透率资料的分析,详细研究了砂岩储层特征,主要包括岩石学特征、孔隙结构、储集空间、储层物性特征等。结果表明,延吉盆地下白垩统砂岩储层岩石类型为长石砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩;砂岩储层孔隙类型主要是次生孔隙,其中次生粒间溶孔占绝对优势,其次是粒内溶孔;影响储层物性的主要因素为成岩作用,经历的主要成岩作用类型有机械压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用、蚀变作用和溶解作用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区盒8段砂岩储层评价

通过对储层岩石学、储层物性、储层孔隙类型及孔隙结构等方面的分析,系统总结并评价了鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区盒8储层储集性能。研究表明,高桥盒8段储层岩石类型主要为中粗粒岩屑石英砂岩、石英砂岩及少量岩屑砂岩,成分成熟度高,结构成熟度中等;储层物性总体较差,平均孔隙度为8.37%,平均渗透率为0.81×10-3μm2,为典型中低孔、特低渗储层;孔隙类型以次生溶孔为主,其次为晶间孔和原生粒间孔,发育少量微裂隙;孔隙结构表现为排驱压力中等-较高、以细喉道为主、孔喉道连通性相对较差的特点。根据储层岩性、物性、孔隙类型及孔隙结构等参数,评价出4类储层,其中,Ⅱ—Ⅲ类储集岩是研究区较好-中等的储集岩,也是研究区今后增产上储的主要储层。     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组碎屑岩储层低渗特征及含油性主控因素

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组发育陆相坳陷型湖泊三角洲相低渗储层.在岩石薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X光衍射、自生伊利石K-Ar同位素测年等分析的基础上,对该地区延长组长6-长2段低渗致密储集砂体的岩石学特征、孔隙类型、物性特征、成岩动力学及孔隙演化特征进行了研究,并对低渗透储层的含油气性进行了分析.结果表明①该组砂体以长石砂岩为主,次为岩屑砂岩和长石质岩屑砂岩,矿物成熟度低;②孔隙类型包括残余粒间孔、晶间孔、溶蚀孔和微裂缝,其中残余粒间孔是储层的主要储集空间;③主要成岩作用包括机械压实作用、溶蚀作用、碳酸盐胶结作用、自生粘土矿物胶结作用等,其中溶蚀作用产生的次生孔隙对储层物性的改善不足;④成岩作用开始较早、塑性岩屑颗粒大量变形、压实作用强烈是导致早期砂岩孔隙丧失的根本原因,碳酸盐岩胶结作用、次生孔隙不发育是造成后期储层岩石致密的主要因素.含油气性分析结果表明,砂体的不同沉积成因类型是层间含油气性差异的主控因素;同一成因砂体内部的非均质性是层内含油气性差异的主控因素.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-