淹没水射流士层扩孔方程

运用水射流理论与土力学理论,建立了水射流土层扩孔方程.基于室内模拟实验,研究了射流参数与扩孔效果的关系,并验证了水射流土层扩孔方程的正确性.结果表明,增大射流流量比增大其压力对扩孔效果的提高更有效,实验参数βs主要与扩孔时钻杆的运动有关.     

水射流土层扩孔技术及影响因素

分析了水射流土层扩孔参数,建立了射流参数与土体参数的关系.通过实验,研究了射流参数和钻杆运动参数对扩孔效果的影响.结果表明:提高扩孔效果必须增大射流功率,在射流作用力大于土体临界破坏力的条件下,增大射流流量比增大射流压力更加有效;合理地匹配钻杆运动参数更有利于扩孔效果的提高.工程应用证明,运用水射流扩孔技术制作多环扩孔型锚杆是可行的,锚杆承载力明显提高.     

水射流动力特性及破土机理

水射流破土效果取决于射流参数和土体参数,射流参数决定射流作用力的大小,而土体参数决定着土体临界破坏力. 通过射流动力特性及其破土机理分析,揭示了射流参数与土体参数之间存在的内在联系,建立了水射流破土的理论方程. 该方程解决了以往在射流破土过程中参数选取的随意性或无法确定射流参数的问题.     

低透气性煤层水射流瓦斯增透关键技术研究

低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采问题一直是中国煤炭企业在安全生产中的一个重要课题。基于流体连续介质理论,联立连续性方程、Euler方程、能量方程及张量总和表达式建立水射流冲击煤体的控制方程,给出射流压力与射流流速及流量的关系式,确定射流压力与射流流速及流量之间呈正相关趋势。通过ANSYS/LS-DYNA模拟研究水射流压力与切割半径间的关系,结果表明射流压力越大,切割深度越远,但切割压力越大,伴随而来的峰值应力不稳定现象越剧烈;冲击水压为60 MPa时,冲击深度趋于平缓峰值,冲击效率较高。采用实验室实验方法确定水射流喷口半径,初步检验水射流对低渗透煤体的切割效果良好。工业性试验结果表明水射流增加了煤体贯通裂隙,扩大了瓦斯的渗出范围,瓦斯抽采效率明显提升。     

空化水射流研究现状及其应用

综述了高压水射流技术发展及应用过程,认为空化水射流是一种富有发展前途的高效新型射流．通过对空化水射流机理、空化数和冲击压力两个重要空化参数的分析,显示了空化射流的潜在优势．实验表明人工淹没空化射流具有较强的冲蚀效果,并克服了靶距范围的不足．简要介绍了该技术应用于火箭发动机内脏固体推进剂清洗工程的射流系统设计．     

淹没条件下长圆喷嘴流场数值模拟

为了提高径向水平井扩孔效率,将长圆喷嘴引入磨料射流扩孔技术,建立射流流场的流动控制方程,结合Realizable k-ε模型对方程组进行求解,并将结果与锥形喷嘴射流结果进行对比.结果表明:长圆喷嘴射流具有一定的扩散性,且短轴剖面上的扩散角比长轴剖面上大;喷嘴内射流速度及出口速度随长宽比增大而减小,随出口直径增加而增加;在喷嘴入口速度和出口直径相同的情况下,长圆喷嘴出口速度小于锥形喷嘴;无因次喷距大于11.3时,长圆喷嘴外射流轴线速度大于锥形喷嘴的;射流出口断面宽度随喷距增大而增大,在相同条件下长圆喷嘴扩孔宽度大于锥形喷嘴,且射流具有自模性;数值计算结果与磨料射流扩孔试验结果基本吻合.     

淹没条件下长圆喷嘴流场数值模拟

为了提高径向水平井扩孔效率,将长圆喷嘴引入磨料射流扩孔技术,建立射流流场的流动控制方程,结合Real-izable k-ε模型对方程组进行求解,并将结果与锥形喷嘴射流结果进行对比。结果表明:长圆喷嘴射流具有一定的扩散性,且短轴剖面上的扩散角比长轴剖面上大;喷嘴内射流速度及出口速度随长宽比增大而减小,随出口直径增加而增加;在喷嘴入口速度和出口直径相同的情况下,长圆喷嘴出口速度小于锥形喷嘴;无因次喷距大于11.3时,长圆喷嘴外射流轴线速度大于锥形喷嘴的;射流出口断面宽度随喷距增大而增大,在相同条件下长圆喷嘴扩孔宽度大于锥形喷嘴,且射流具有自模性;数值计算结果与磨料射流扩孔试验结果基本吻合。     

基于ALE算法的水射流破土特性

为探究水射流破土过程中射流参数对破土特性的影响,通过ALE流固耦合算法建立了淹没状态下水射流破土的数值模型,开展水射流破土的室内试验验证了数值计算结果的准确性。基于数值模型分析不同射流速度和靶距下冲蚀深度与体积的变化特征,探讨射流参数对破土特性的影响机制。研究结果表明：水射流破土形成的冲蚀深度随着射流速度的增大而逐渐变大,且随着射流时间的增加会呈现线性增长、缓慢稳定增长和稳定三个阶段;靶距越大冲蚀深度越小,但冲蚀体积受射流速度的影响较大,在低速时冲蚀体积随靶距的减小而增大,而在高速时冲蚀体积则会先减小后增大再减小;基于试验结果分析敏感性可知射流速度对冲蚀深度与体积的影响程度要大于靶距。     

水射流促进煤基质收缩提高煤层透气性机理分析

高压脉冲水射流割缝是新型有效的增透技术,但增透机理尚未明确,制约了其在不同赋存条件煤层中的推广应用.文中从煤基质收缩提高煤层透气性角度出发,在分析高压水射流冲击煤体的动态效应基础上,得出冲击动态方程;理论分析了在高压脉冲水射流作用下煤基质的受力状态,得出了高压脉冲水射流能够促使煤基质收缩,并推导出射流冲击力-煤基质的关系方程,在此基础上采用P-M模型,得出射流作用下煤层内瓦斯渗流方程,为高压脉冲水射流割缝增透技术的推广应用提供了理论支撑.     

水射流切削钴结壳性能研究

建立了水射流系统的动力学模型,通过仿真研究获取了水射流系统参数与水射流切削性能的作用规律．仿真结果表明：水射流的有效作业距离为水射流的等速区长度;水射流的工作压力越高,水射流的出口速度越大;喷嘴的轴向射流速度变化与围压无关．开展了水射流切削钴结壳模拟料性能实验研究．实验结果表明：水射流切削钴结壳模拟料时存在一个门槛压力...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to