熔盐法生长ZnO单晶颗粒的微结构与形貌研究

文章采用熔盐法生长ZnO颗粒,研究了制备条件对颗粒的成分、尺寸、形貌以及晶体结构的影响。结果表明,熔盐生长过程没有在ZnO颗粒中引入杂质。所制备的颗粒虽然具有多种形貌,但均为单晶,具有典型的六角纤锌矿结构。熔盐生长的温度、气氛以及气压等条件对于ZnO颗粒的晶体结构没有明显影响,但是会显著影响到颗粒的尺寸。高温和空气常压条件下,可以制得尺寸分布较窄的ZnO大颗粒。     

低温固相反应法合成ZnO纳米晶体

乙酸锌和草酸为原料,采用低温固相反应法制备纳米了ZnO。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR),光致发光（PL)光谱对所制备的纳米ZnO进行了表征。结果表明：制备的纳米ZnO的粒径为15~25nm左右,六方晶系纤锌矿结构,形貌为类球形。研究了改变工艺条件中研磨时间和水浴温度对合成样品的结构、形貌的影响。发现随着研磨时间的延长,样品的结晶性增强。水浴温度的变化对纳米粒子的结晶性及尺寸有一定的影响。纳米氧化锌由于其对紫外线的高吸收率和可将紫外线转换为可见光而作为近紫外LED光转换材料有着潜在的应用。     

分级多孔结构NiO/ZnO复合材料制备及其甲醛气敏性能

以向日葵秸秆为生物模板合成一种新型的分级多孔结构氧化镍掺杂氧化锌纳米复合材料(Bio NiO/ZnO),利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对复合材料的组成和结构进行表征.实验结果表明,合成的Bio NiO/ZnO保存了向日葵秸秆材料的原始分级多孔结构,该结构由大量尺寸和形状一致的六方晶系纤锌矿型结构的氧化镍与立方晶系文石相结构的氧化镍球形颗粒堆积组成.与未掺杂的ZnO材料相比,Bio NiO/ZnO复合材料制作的气敏传感器对甲醛具有增强的气敏性能.在240℃的工作温度下,该气体传感器对10^-4的甲醛的响应为42,响应和恢复时间分别为7 s和6 s.检测的下限为1.48×10^-4,与复合物的氧空位浓度增加和两相间p-n型异质结的存在有关.     

衬底温度对ZnO：Al薄膜结构和光透过性能的影响

利用超声喷雾热解方法以不同的沉积温度（450～530℃）在石英衬底上制备出具备较高光学质量的ZnO：Al（AZO）薄膜.通过X射线衍射谱（XRD）研究了薄膜的结构,用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了薄膜的表面形貌,用紫外可见（UV）分光光度计对薄膜的光透过特性进行了测试分析.结果表明：所制备薄膜在可见波段具有较高透过率,并且沉积温度对AZO薄膜的结构和光透过性能有很大影响.在衬底温度为470℃时得到的AZO薄膜具有（002）择优取向,结晶质量最好、光透过率最高,在可见光区平均透过率达到85%以上.     

Structural,morphological, and optical properties of tin(Ⅳ) oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Camellia sinensis extract: a green approach

Tin oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles were cost-effectively synthesized using nontoxic chemicals and green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract via a green synthesis method.The structural properties of the obtained nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction,which indicated that the crystallite size was less than 20 nm.The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The morphological analysis revealed agglomerated spherical nanoparticles with sizes varying from 5 to 30 nm.The optical properties of the nanoparticles' band gap were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.The band gap was found to decrease with increasing annealing temperature.The O vacancy defects were analyzed using photoluminescence spectroscopy.The increase in the crystallite size,decreasing band gap,and the increasing intensities of the UV and visible emission peaks indicated that the green-synthesized SnO2 may play future important roles in catalysis and optoelectronic devices.     

Structural,morphological,and optical properties of tin(Ⅳ) oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Camellia sinensis extract: a green approach

Tin oxide(SnO_2) nanoparticles were cost-effectively synthesized using nontoxic chemicals and green tea(Camellia sinensis) extract via a green synthesis method. The structural properties of the obtained nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction, which indicated that the crystallite size was less than 20 nm. The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The morphological analysis revealed agglomerated spherical nanoparticles with sizes varying from 5 to 30 nm. The optical properties of the nanoparticles' band gap were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The band gap was found to decrease with increasing annealing temperature. The O vacancy defects were analyzed using photoluminescence spectroscopy. The increase in the crystallite size, decreasing band gap, and the increasing intensities of the UV and visible emission peaks indicated that the green-synthesized SnO_2 may play future important roles in catalysis and optoelectronic devices.     

退火温度对镁、铕共掺杂氧化锌纳米材料光学性能的影响

采用化学溶液沉积法制备了镁、铕共掺杂氧化锌纳米材料,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和光致发光谱(PL)等测试,选取了5个退火温度,研究了退火温度对镁、铕共掺杂氧化锌纳米材料结构和光学性能的影响.结果表明:所制备的镁、铕共掺杂氧化锌纳米材料均为六角纤锌矿结构,其光学性能与退火温度关系密切,当退火温度为400℃时,发光性能最好.     

Structural,morphological, and optical properties of tin(IV) oxide nanoparticles synthesized using <Emphasis Type="Italic">Camellia sinensis</Emphasis> extract: a green approach

Tin oxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles were cost-effectively synthesized using nontoxic chemicals and green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract via a green synthesis method. The structural properties of the obtained nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction, which indicated that the crystallite size was less than 20 nm. The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The morphological analysis revealed agglomerated spherical nanoparticles with sizes varying from 5 to 30 nm. The optical properties of the nanoparticles' band gap were characterized using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The band gap was found to decrease with increasing annealing temperature. The O vacancy defects were analyzed using photoluminescence spectroscopy. The increase in the crystallite size, decreasing band gap, and the increasing intensities of the UV and visible emission peaks indicated that the green-synthesized SnO₂ may play future important roles in catalysis and optoelectronic devices.     

喷雾干燥法制备泼尼松龙微粉

对不同的泼尼松龙体系（包括溶液和混悬液）的喷雾干燥过程进行了考察。实验研究发现：直接喷雾干燥泼尼松龙溶液能够得到平均粒径为1.07μm且粒度分布窄的球形微粉；喷雾干燥羟丙基甲基纤维素（HPMC）溶液能够得到粒径在4?μm左右的囊状颗粒。当喷雾干燥混悬液时，在较低的进口温度下，喷雾干燥只能作为一种干燥手段来干燥混悬液中原有的颗粒，不能改变原有颗粒的形貌；在较高的进口温度下，喷雾干燥可以成为制备粒径在1～5μm的泼尼松龙和HPMC包合物的有效手段。另采用SEM对不同喷雾干燥条件下得到的样品进行分析与表征，对其形成过程进行研究，并对得到的产品在药物速释、控释方面的应用前景进行了探讨。     

以二水合草酸锌为前驱物制备纳米氧化锌

以氯化锌和草酸铵为原料,通过沉淀反应制得前驱物二水合草酸锌,再经过热分解,得到20～80nm类球形和立方形的纳米氧化锌·分析了沉淀反应温度、时间、Zn2+初始浓度,以及热分解反应温度、时间对纳米氧化锌粒度和形貌的影响规律·结果表明:增加沉淀反应时间、热分解反应温度和时间,产品粒度均有不同程度的增大,而沉淀反应温度提高,产品粒度先减小后增大·Zn2+初始浓度在0 5mol/L以下时,对粒度影响不大(25nm左右),当达到0 7mol/L时,平均粒径提高到80nm左右·     

具有不同形貌的α-Fe_2O_3超细粒子可控制备

采用水热合成法,通过改变反应条件与表面活性剂的种类、添加量、铁源等,制备了具有不同形貌的Fe2O3超细粒子,并利用扫描电镜与X射线衍射仪等对Fe2O3粒子的形貌和尺寸及晶型结构进行了观察.研究表明:反应温度、反应时间、p H值和反应物添加量的比例等都会影响Fe2O3粒子的形貌和尺寸,通过调控添加剂种类等实验条件,获得了片状、立方体状、汉堡状、梭子状、长方体状、核桃状、六棱柱状、中空状等Fe2O3粒子的不同形貌,实现了对α-Fe2O3超细粒子形貌的可控制备.     

负载型ZnO纳米晶的合成、表征及光催化特性

先通过射频磁控溅射技术在石英玻璃衬底上得到ZnO种子层,再采用水热合成的方法制备出负载型ZnO纳米晶,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、室温光致发光谱(PL)及冷场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)对ZnO纳米晶的物相结构、结晶质量及晶粒形貌进行表征.以亚甲基蓝(Methylene Blue, MB)为模型污染物,在紫外光的照射下考察了负载型ZnO纳米晶的光催化特性.实验结果表明负载型ZnO纳米晶粒径基本分布在(10-30) nm 范围内,具有良好的结晶质量且为六方纤锌矿结构.该体系对10 mg/L 的MB溶液,4 h 的降解率可达71%,外加适量的H2O2溶液,其降解率可提高到94%.     

纳米银与纳米氧化锌混合物的抗菌活性

采用常温还原法合成纳米银及微波超声波组合法合成纳米氧化锌样品,运用X线粉末衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及UV—Vis光谱对样品的组成及形貌进行表征．将纳米银与纳米氧化锌进行混合,采用菌落计数法测定混合物对大肠杆菌（E．coli）和金黄色葡萄球菌（S．a／Are／AS）的抑菌活性．结果表明,所合成样品为分散性好的5nm银颗粒及均一棱柱状结构的纳米氧化锌．二者混合物在银含量减少一半时对两种细菌的抗菌活性明显高于单独的纳米银或纳米氧化锌,表明混合物中纳米银和纳米氧化锌在抗菌时发挥了协同作用．     

Rapid growth of ZnO hexagonal tubes by direct microwave heating

Zinc oxide hexagonal tubular crystals were synthesized by direct microwave heating from ZnO powders within 5 min without any metal catalysts or transport agents. ZnO source materials were evaporated from the high-temperature zone in an enclosure, and crystals were grown on the self-source substrate in an appropriate condition. The ZnO vapor formed in the high-temperature zone can deposit and grow on the powders located in the low-temperature zone to form crystals. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that these products are hexagonal tube crystals with 80 μm in diameter and 250 μm in length, having a well faceted end and side surface. A possible growth mechanism and the influence of reaction temperature on the formation of crystalline ZnO hexagonal tubes were presented. The photoluminescence (PL) exhibits strong ultraviolet emission at room temperature, indicating the potential applications in short-wave light-emitting photonic devices.     

用蔗渣遗态转化法制备分级多孔结构氧化锌及其对丙酮气体的检测性能#br#

以蔗渣为生物模板, 用遗态转化法制备分级多孔结构ZnO. 用X射线衍射（XRD）、 扫描电镜（SEM）及比表面积测试法对ZnO样品进行物相分析, 并进行气敏实验. 结果表明: 煅烧后得到的样品为纯相纤锌矿系六方晶结构ZnO, 模板已被完全去除; ZnO样品表面呈蔗渣模板的类蜂窝状结构, 由多孔道相互联结而成; 分级多孔结构ZnO对100 cm³/m³丙酮的响应值在340 ℃时达到最大值24.5, 比常规无模板ZnO约高2.23倍; 响应时间和恢复时间分别为6 s和1 s, 比常规无模板ZnO的时间均缩短, 并有很好的气体选择性.     

沸腾回流法制备Al元素掺杂ZnO及表征

采用液相沸腾回流法,制备出不同含量Al元素掺杂的ZnO半导体材料,并对产物进行了XRF,XRD,SEM及其导电性能的表征.实验结果表明:Al元素掺杂后产物ZnO的结构仍然为六方晶系纤锌矿结构;Al元素掺杂量不是无限增大的,当Al元素掺杂量达到24.0 mmol/L时,就会趋于饱和;Al元素掺杂的ZnO的导电性能比纯ZnO有所提高,因此证明了这是一条比较优化的工艺合成路线.     

沸腾回流法制备不同形貌ZnO微粉

以Zn(NO3)2NaOH为体系,采用一种简单的液相法———常压沸腾回流法,加入不同的添加剂,分别制备了不同形貌的超细ZnO粉体.采用X射线衍射及扫描电子显微镜等测试手段,对产品的物相和形貌进行了表征.实验结果表明:所得产品均为六方晶系纤锌矿ZnO;同样条件下加入不同的表面活性剂,对产品的形貌产生了不同程度的影响.     

纳米ZnO光催化降解有毒有机污染物

分别以硝酸锌,醋酸锌,氯化锌和硫酸锌为锌源采用水热法制备了纳米ZnO,通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对ZnO进行了表征,结果表明：四类锌源制备的ZnO均为六方晶系的纤锌矿结构,尺寸在23.9～62.6 nm.在紫外光照射下以罗丹明B（Rhodamine B,RhB）和2,4-二氯苯酚（2,4-Dichlorophenol,2,4-DCP）的光催化降解为探针反应,研究了介质pH条件和催化剂用量等对光催化反应的影响,表明pH=6.2和催化剂用量为0.4 g.L-1条件下以硝酸锌为锌源制备的ZnO活性最好,60 min内RhB褪色完全,120 min内2,4-DCP降解率达到97%.通过总有机碳（TOC）的测定,发现6 h内RhB矿化率达到95.2%.采用辣根过氧化物酶（POD）法和苯甲酸荧光光度法分别测定了体系中H2O2和羟基自由基（.OH）的变化,表明其光催化反应机理涉及.OH历程.     

Effect of magnesium on the aluminothermic reduction rate of zinc oxide obtained from spent alkaline battery anodes for the preparation of Al–Zn–Mg alloys

The aluminothermic reduction of zinc oxide (ZnO) from alkaline battery anodes using molten Al may be a good option for the elaboration of secondary 7000-series alloys. This process is affected by the initial content of Mg within molten Al, which decreases the surface tension of the molten metal and conversely increases the wettability of ZnO particles. The effect of initial Mg concentration on the aluminothermic reduction rate of ZnO was analyzed at the following values: 0.90wt%, 1.20wt%, 4.00t%, 4.25wt%, and 4.40wt%. The ZnO particles were incorporated by mechanical agitation using a graphite paddle inside a bath of molten Al maintained at a constant temperature of 1123 K and at a constant agitation speed of 250 r/min, the treatment time was 240 min and the ZnO particle size was 450-500 mesh. The results show an increase in Zn concentration in the prepared alloys up to 5.43wt% for the highest initial concentration of Mg. The reaction products obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and the efficiency of the reaction was measured on the basis of the different concentrations of Mg studied.     

Fabrication of well-disper sive yttrium-stabilized cubic zirconia nanoparticles via vapor phase hydrolys is

The well-dispersive yttrium-stabilized cubic zirconia nanoparticles were fabricated via vapor phase hydrolysis process,and the as-synthesized cubic zirconia nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray di...