多主元FeNiMnCr0.75Alx高熵合金微观结构和力学性能的研究

研究了合金中Al含量的增加对铸态FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x（x=0.25，0.5，0.75，原子分数）高熵合金晶体结构及力学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对合金的微观结构及形貌进行分析，采用维氏硬度计和MTS万能试验机测试合金的硬度和室温压缩性能。试验结果表明，铸态下，FeNiMnCr_0.75Al_x高熵合金均由bcc和fcc两种晶体结构的相构成。随着Al含量的增加，合金中bcc结构的相的相对含量逐渐增加，导致硬度和压缩屈服强度也随之升高，应变量降低；且Al含量的增加最终也促使合金中无序bcc结构的相逐渐转变为Ni：（Mn+Al）=1：1（原子分数比）型有序bcc结构的相。     

BiFeO3掺杂Pb（In1/2Nb1/2）O3-Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3-PbTiO3陶瓷的制备与磁电性能研究

以固相合成法制备了铁酸铋（BiFeO₃,简称BFO）掺杂的铌铟酸铅-铌镁酸铅-钛酸铅（Pb（In_1/2Nb_1/2）O₃-Pb（Mg_1/3Nb_2/3）O₃-PbTiO₃,简称PIN-PMN-PT）多铁性陶瓷材料,X射线衍射（XRD）测试结果表明：样品具有钙钛矿结构,电滞回线显示其铁电性良好,剩余极化值（P_r）可达18 μC·cm^-2.由于BiFeO₃掺杂后,样品电矩减小,氧空位增多,使其铁电畴翻转困难,样品的电性能略有下降,但是其磁性能随BiFeO₃掺入量的增加而逐渐增强,且样品居里温度（T_m）为200℃左右.该材料在电磁学领域有望成为具有应用前景的多铁性材料.     

高密度TeO2-Gd2O3-WO3闪烁玻璃颜色调控的研究

采用传统高温熔融法制备了不同玻璃组成的碲钆钨酸盐玻璃（TeO₂-Gd2O₃-WO₃），通过紫外—可见分光光度计研究了碲钆钨酸盐玻璃在分别固定Gd₂O₃浓度为10 mol%（xTeO₂-10Gd₂O₃-(90-x)WO₃）和20 mol%（yTeO₂-20Gd₂O₃-(80-x)WO₃）时，玻璃光学透过性随WO₃浓度和熔制温度的依赖关系，并借助光碱度理论进行了解释。结果表明，xTeO₂-10Gd₂O₃-(90-x)WO₃玻璃随着玻璃中WO₃浓度由0 mol%增加到60 mol%，碲钆钨酸盐玻璃的颜色由浅黄（低于20 mol%）逐渐变为深棕色（40 ~ 60 mol%）。另一方面，yTeO₂-20Gd₂O₃-(80-y)WO₃（y=40）玻璃随着玻璃熔制温度从1000 ℃升高到1200 ℃，碲钆钨酸盐玻璃的颜色从浅黄（低于1050 ℃），变为深棕色（1100 ℃）甚至黑色（1200 ℃）。这种颜色变化是由于随WO₃浓度升高，玻璃的光碱度单调增加，导致玻璃截止吸收边红移及玻璃光学透过率降低的共同作用效果。     

基于Pt-Au-MoS2-ITO传感器对于H2O2的还原检测

实验探究了二硫化钼（MoS₂）作为一种新型材料与贵金属纳米粒子金（Au）、铂（Pt）的复合基底对于过氧化氢（H₂O₂）的还原性检测,采用氧化铟锡导电玻璃（ITO）作为电极,制备出了基于Pt-Au-MoS₂-ITO的生物传感器,为H₂O₂还原性检测的便携性操作打下了基础.实验采用电化学沉积的方法制备材料,同时使用循环伏安（CV）法、计时电流法等传统电化学手段表征了传感器电化学性能,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）来表征传感器表面形貌.建立了用于H₂O₂还原检测的、具有高检测限、高灵敏度和宽检测范围的传感器.     

Ce对Cu-0.4Mg-xCe合金组织和性能的影响

通过在Cu-Mg合金中添加Ce制备Cu-0.4Mg-xCe (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3)合金。采用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope，SEM）、透射电子显微镜（transmission electron microscope，TEM）、拉伸试验机和电导率测试仪等设备对Cu-0.4Mg-xCe 进行表征。结果表明，Ce能明显降低Cu-0.4Mg-xCe合金的晶粒尺寸，净化Cu基体。Ce的质量分数超过0.2%后，会出现Ce的化合物，Cu-0.4Mg-xCe合金的塑性和导电率降低。Cu-0.4Mg-0.2Ce合金的综合性能最优，退火处理后，其维氏硬度、抗拉强度、导电率、软化温度分别为 213，548 MPa， 75.6 %IACS，430 ℃。     

混合微波退火改性Cd2SnO4光阳极用于光电催化水氧化性能的研究

首次采用混合微波退火法制备了改性Cd₂SnO₄光阳极,有效地提高了Cd₂SnO₄光阳极的光电催化水氧化性能。采用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)、X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffractometer, XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman spectroscopy, Raman)、比表面积分析仪(Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, BET)和稳态荧光光谱仪(photoluminescence spectroscopy, PL)等对混合微波退火改性前后的Cd₂SnO₄光阳极的表面形貌、晶体结构和组成进行了表征。性能测试结果表明,在1.70 V可逆氢电极(reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE)电压下,混合微波退火改性的Cd₂SnO₄光阳极光电流密度为12 μA/cm²,与传统热烧结制备的Cd₂SnO₄光阳极相比,其性能提升了3倍。根据电化学阻抗谱(electrochemical impedance spectra, EIS)和PL光谱测试结果可知,改性的Cd₂SnO₄光阳极的光电催化水氧化性能的提升可以归因于多孔结构导致的光生电子空穴分离速率的提升。     

Fe-Al金属间化合物基叠层复合材料的界面表征及生长动力学研究

将SUS441不锈钢薄板和1060纯铝薄板交替叠放后，经“轧制复合—合金化退火”工艺制得 Fe-Al金属间化合物基叠层（Fe-Al metal-intermetallic-laminate，Fe-Al MIL）复合材料。采用光学显微镜（optical microscope, OM）、扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）、X射线衍射仪（X-ray diffractometer, XRD）等设备测试了不同热处理制度下Fe-Al MIL复合材料的界面微观组织形貌、物相组成及化合物生长行为。结果表明：在640 ℃退火时，均匀层的主要物相为Fe₂Al₅，且有原子分数为5%～6%的Cr固溶于该均匀层；在高于640 ℃退火时，除由Fe₂Al₅相组成的均匀层之外，化合物层还出现了明显的由Fe₄Al₁₃相和Cr₂Al₁₃相组成的两相层，且两相层交界处有Al_5.50Cr_1.95Fe_2.55相析出；金属间化合物的厚度随退火温度的升高及时间的延长而增加，Fe₂Al₅相的生长规律满足抛物线法则，其生长激活能为192.28 kJ/mol。     

Al2O3/WO3/ZrO2催化剂的制备及在酯交换反应中的研究

以松木为模板,采用模板法将不同含量的Al₂O₃添加到WO₃/ZrO₂复合氧化物中,采用X射线衍射、BET比表面积分析、拉曼光谱和NH₃等温吸附测试等手段对其进行表征,以评估其改进结果。将Al₂O₃/WO₃/ZrO₂催化剂应用到甲醇与乌桕油（非食用油）的酯交换反应中,在其他反应条件相同,Al₂O₃质量分数为3%时,生物柴油最高产率达到83.1%。结果表明：添加Al₂O₃稳定了ZrO₂的四方相结构,使得催化剂比表面积更大、孔数量增加;模板法制备的催化剂孔径分布均匀,WO₃呈高度分散无定型状态;引入Al₂O₃增加了WO₃/ZrO₂催化剂的中强酸性,对弱酸性和强酸性无明显改变。     

TiO2/CB-NiCo2O4修饰玻碳电极的制备及其对葡萄糖的电化学测定

利用低温下的水化学生长法合成了镍钴氧化物（NiCo₂O₄）纳米针,因其自组装而表现出立方晶相,再用二氧化钛/炭黑（TiO₂/CB）对NiCo₂O₄表面进行了改性,合成了TiO₂/CB-NiCo₂O₄复合纳米材料.用X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散X射线光谱仪（EDX）图谱对材料的形貌进行了表征,运用循环伏安法（CV）、时间-电流（i-t）曲线法考察了TiO₂/CB-NiCo₂O₄修饰玻碳电极的电化学行为.实验发现：TiO₂/CB-NiCo₂O₄修饰电极对葡萄糖的氧化有良好的电催化性能,其线性范围为0.001~1.780 mmol·L^-1,检测限为0.53 μmol·L^-1（信噪比S/N=3）.将该法用于实际样品中葡萄糖的测定,结果令人满意.     

氟和钴共同掺杂对LiV3O8电化学性能的影响

 采用固相烧结法合成了同时掺杂氟离子和钴离子、具有单斜LiV₃O₈型结构的锂钒氧化物样品.通过充放电循环实验、循环伏安实验、XRD衍射和热分析对材料的理化性能进行了表征.实验结果表明,理论组成为Li_1.38V_2.99Co_0.0107.98F_0.02的样品的首次放电容量为233 mA·h/g,40次循环的放电容量为192 mA·h/g.在充放电过程中,同时掺氟和钴的样品的放电平台电压较高,表现出较好的循环性能.     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructures and properties of a novel Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling

In view of the special requirements for strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy for oil drilling, the Al-6.2 Zn-2.5 Mg-1.6 Cu alloy was prepared by increasing Cu content on basis of Russian Series 1953 alloy. The effect of heat treatment on the microstructures and properties of the alloy was characterized by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM), and investigated by tensile test at room temperature, thermal exposure test and corrosion test. The results show that the strength after T6 aging treatment exhibit a decrease trend as an increase of the solution temperature from465 °C to 480 °C. After the solution treated by the rate of 470 °C/1 h, second phases dissolve into the matrix very well and the strength property reaches optimum. The alloy has better comprehensive properties treated by a solution treatment of 470 °C/1 h and then followed by an aging treatment of 120 °C/24 h + 170 °C/1 h + 120 °C/24 h. Under the aging state, the precipitated phases inside the grains are suitable in size, while on the grain boundary distribute discontinuously and the precipitate-free zone is obvious. Besides, the alloy still maintain high tensile properties. The yield strength, tensile strength and elongation are 650 MPa, 686 MPa,12.0%, respectively. The yield strength retention after heat exposure is 92%. The alloy has good corrosion resistance and the exfoliation corrosion degree. The average corrosion rate in the H_2S and CO_2 environment is 0.0024 mm/a, which is far less than the required 0.12 mm/a. It is insensitive to H_2S and CO_2 environments.     

Design of a low-alloy high-strength and high-toughness martensitic steel

To develop a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel with high strength and high toughness, a series of martensitic steels were studied through alloying with various elements and thermodynamic simulation. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the designed steel were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing and Charpy impact test. The results show that cementite exists between 500℃ and 700℃, M₇C₃ exits below 720℃, and they are much lower than the austenitizing temperature of the designed steel. Furthermore, the Ti(C,N) precipitate exists until 1280℃, which refines the microstructure and increases the strength and toughness. The optimal alloying components are 0.19% C, 1.19% Si, 2.83% Mn, 1.24% Ni, and 0.049% Ti; the tensile strength and the V notch impact toughness of the designed steel are more than 1500 MPa and 100 J, respectively.     

Improving the tensile properties of extruded Mg–Ga alloy by ageing treatment

A hot-extruded Mg-5Ga alloy was subjected to ageing treatment at 150 ?°C, 190 ?°C and 230 ?°C. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the extruded and aged alloy were examined in this study. Microstructure examinations suggested that particle-shaped and rod-shaped Mg₅Ga₂ were precipitated in the alloy after peak ageing treatment. The extruded alloy showed the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation to fracture of 157.6 ?MPa, 248.6 ?MPa and 17.5%, respectively. After peak ageing, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength can be enhanced by as much as 15.7% and 8.6% reaching 182.3 ?MPa and 270 ?MPa, respectively. The improvement of the tensile strengths is mainly attributed to the enhanced precipitation strengthening by newly formed fine Mg₅Ga₂ precipitates. The ductility of the alloy was slightly increased by peak ageing at low temperatures (150 ?°C and 190 ?°C), but remarkably decreased by peak ageing at high temperature (230 ?°C) due to the formation of coarsened Mg₅Ga₂ particles which easily initiated the cracks during tensile deformation.     

Effect of pre-recovery on microstructure and properties of rolled Al-12.18Zn-3.31Mg-1.43Cu-0.20Zr-0.04Sr aluminum alloy

The independently designed and manufactured ultra-high-strength aluminum alloy Al-12.18 Zn-3.31 Mg-1.43 Cu-0.20 Zr-0.04 Sr was investigated via scanning electron microscopy observations, X-ray diffraction analysis, hardness tests, electrical conductivity tests, tensile tests, intergranular corrosion tests, and exfoliation corrosion tests. The effect of pre-recovery on the microstructure and mechanical properties of this aluminum alloy was also studied. The results show that the pre-recovery heat treatment releases deformation energy, inhibits recrystallization, and decreases the dislocation density. Although the pre-recovery heat treatment has little effect on the hardness, electrical conductivity, and elongation of this aluminum alloy, it can dramatically improve the alloy's tensile strength(the maximum tensile strength increased from 785.0 MPa to 809.2 MPa). Moreover, the tensile properties of this aluminum alloy have a certain degree of isotropy, and the pre-recovery heat treatment does not affect this property. In addition, the rolled aluminum alloy exhibits good corrosion resistance, but the effect of the pre-recovery heat treatment on the alloy's resistance to intergranular and exfoliation corrosion is negligible.     

等温自由锻温度对7085铝合金组织与性能的影响

通过金相组织观察、扫描电镜分析和室温拉伸力学性能及剥落腐蚀实验,分析探讨等温自由锻温度对7085铝合金显微组织、力学性能和剥落腐蚀的影响.研究结果表明:在370℃和400℃等温自由锻时,合金发生严重再结晶,强度较低,伸长率稍高,剥蚀抗力较差;在420℃锻造时,合金出现大量细小且分布均匀的亚晶粒,抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和剥蚀抗力均较好,分别达到533.2 MPa,495 MPa,13.3％和EA.在450℃锻造时,该合金的晶粒开始长大,强度下降,伸长率稍有升高,剥蚀抗力较差.综合考虑显微组织、强度、塑性和剥落腐蚀等因素,确定420℃为合金等温自由锻最佳锻造温度.     

Effect of Al on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg–1Mn alloy sheet

The effect of Al addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of hot extruded Mg–1 Mn alloy sheet was investigated. The results revealed that the dynamic recrystallization was promoted by increasing Al content. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy increased with the increase of Al content. The Mg–9 Al–1 Mn alloy exhibited the highest strength, with tensile strength of 308 MPa, 307 MPa, 319 MPa, yield strength of 199 MPa, 207 MPa, 220 MPa and the elongation of 20.9%, 20.1%, 19.2% in 0°, 45°, 90°, respectively.The high strength was mainly attributed to the formation of fine dynamically recrystallized grains and large amounts of the second phase. The strengthening mechanism of the alloys was explained.     

原位合成CNTs/Cu-Al2O3复合材料的性能研究

对Al的质量分数分别为0.20%,0.35%,0.60%的Cu-Al合金粉末进行内氧化,得到Cu-Al₂O₃粉末。采用化学气相沉积法在Cu-Al₂O₃粉末表面原位生长碳纳米管(carbon nano tubes, CNTs),采用放电等离子烧结工艺成功制备了CNTs/Cu-Al₂O₃复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了CNTs/Cu-Al₂O₃复合粉末、复合材料断口的形貌。采用显微硬度计、微拉伸试验机、摩擦磨损试验机分别对纯Cu及复合材料的维氏硬度、抗拉强度、摩擦因数进行测试。采用电化学工作站测试复合材料在3.5%NaCl (质量分数)水溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,随着Al的质量分数的增加,粉末表面合成的CNTs的数量也增多。Al的质量分数为0.35%时,CNTs/Cu-Al₂O₃复合材料的综合性能最佳,与纯Cu相比,复合材料的抗拉强度和腐蚀电势分别提高了86.4%和43.2%,分别为315 MPa和-0.268 V,摩擦因数降低了53.3%,仅为0.28。     

Effect of long-term aging treatment on the tensile strength and ductility of GH 605 superalloy

Aging treatment is an effective way to optimize the mechanical properties of Co-based superalloys. In this study, commercial GH 605 superalloy was subjected to aging treatment at 650 ?°C in a wide time range up to 1000 ?h. The effects of aging time on the tensile characteristics, microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were systematically investigated at room temperature (RT) and 900 ?°C. The results showed that the volume fractions of M₆C and M₂₃C₆ carbide increased with the aging time. After long-term aging treatment, the yield strength (YS) at RT was enhanced from 490.3 ?MPa to 805.9 ?MPa, while the alloy still had high tensile ductility (above 20%). Microscopic observations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the strengthening mechanism was related to carbide precipitation inside the grains and the change in the dislocation slipping mode. Moreover, long-term aging treatment can increase the elongation from 24.1% to 47.3% at 900 ?°C accompanied by a slight increase of YS from 299.3 ?MPa to 313.9 ?MPa. Based on detailed microstructure analysis the strengthening mechanism can be attributed to the refined grains as well as carbide precipitation inside the grains and around the grain boundaries.     

Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a large-sized ingot of Mg-9Gd-3Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr (wt%) alloy after a lower-temperature homogenization treatment

In this paper, a large-sized ingot of Mg-9Gd-3Y-1.5Zn-0.5Zr (wt%) alloy with a diameter of 600 mm was successfully prepared by the semi-continuous casting method. The alloy was subsequently annealed at a relatively low temperature of 430℃ for 12 h as a homogenization treatment. The microstructure and room-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated systematically. The results show that the as-cast alloy contained a mass of discontinuous lamellar-shaped 18R long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phases with a composition of Mg₁₀ZnY and an α-Mg matrix, along with net-shaped Mg₅(Y,Gd) eutectic compounds at the grain boundaries. Most of the eutectic compounds dissolved after the homogenization treatment. Moreover, the amount and dimensions of the lamellar-shaped LPSO phase obviously increased after the homogenization treatment. The structure of the phase transformed into 14H-type LPSO with composition Mg₁₂Zn(Y,Gd). The mechanical properties of the heat-treated large-sized alloy ingot are uniform. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and tensile yield strength (TYS) of the alloy reached 207.2 MPa and 134.8 MPa, respectively, and the elongation was 3.4%. The high performances of the large-sized alloy ingot after the homogenization treatment is attributed to the strengthening of the α-Mg solid solution and to the plentiful LPSO phase distributed over the α-Mg matrix.     

Microstructures and impact toughness behavior of Al 5083 alloy processed by cryorolling and afterwards annealing

The influence of rolling at liquid nitrogen temperature and annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al 5083 alloy was studied in this paper. Cryorolled samples of Al 5083 show significant improvements in strength and hardness. The ultimate tensile strength increases up to 340 MPa and 390 MPa for the 30% and 50% cryorolled samples, respectively. The cryorolled samples, with 30% and 50% reduction, were subjected to Charpy impact testing at various temperatures from ?190℃ to 100℃. It is observed that increasing the percentage of reduction of samples during cryorolling has significant effect on decreasing impact toughness at all temperatures by increasing yield strength and decreasing ductility. Annealing of samples after cryorolling shows remarkable increment in impact toughness through recovery and recrystallization. The average grain size of the 50% cryorolled sample (14 μm) after annealing at 350℃ for 1 h is found to be finer than that of the 30% cryorolled sample (25 μm). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of fractured surfaces shows a large-size dimpled morphology, resembling the ductile fracture mechanism in the starting material and fibrous structure with very fine dimples in cryorolled samples corresponding to the brittle fracture mechanism.