高速冲击试验机设计与结构件冲击拉压试验研究

为解决防冲支护设备在研发过程中缺少冲击加载试验平台的问题,运用高速液压来实现大吨位冲击加载试验的方法,设计一种能实现静态加载和动态加载的冲击试验机.阐述了冲击试验机的组成及工作原理,设计了阀控液压缸控制系统.应用ABAQUS对冲击试验机的台架进行数值模拟,结果表明,台架在承受100 MPa冲击力时,静载下应力为15.17 MPa,变形为0.86 mm;动载下最大应力为60 MPa,最大变形为2.02 mm,均满足要求.通过冲击试验机对吸能构件进行冲击压缩试验、对锚杆进行冲击拉伸试验,结果表明,冲击试验机能有效完成静载和动载下的冲击试验,冲击试验机能较为真实的模拟支护设备在冲击地压过程中的受力情形.     

岩石冲击开裂裂缝条数预测模型的建立与验证

利用动态压力脉冲作用于岩心可模拟研究爆燃压裂裂缝开裂条件.影响岩心冲击开裂裂缝条数的因素包括岩心外径、岩心长度、落物质量、落物高度、冲击能量、平均加压速率、岩心抗拉强度.基于实验数据,运用一级模糊综合评判法研究了不同裂缝条件下这些因素的权重和关联度,建立了冲击开裂裂缝条数预测模型,并通过实验验证了预测模型的准确性,其预测精度达到91.7%.     

两端固支圆钢管侧向抗冲击性能试验研究

对钢结构常用直缝焊管抗冲击性能进行落锤冲击试验研究.为实现圆钢管两端固支约束设计了相应的加载试验平台及夹持装置,研究了冲击高度、钢管长径比、锤头形状对圆钢管抗冲击性能的影响.结果表明:圆钢管失效形式均为剪切失效,随冲击能量增加圆钢管变形依次为弹性小变形阶段、塑性大变形阶段、剪切失效阶段等3个阶段;冲击高度、钢管长径比对应变增长速度、冲击持时和冲击力峰值均有影响;塑性铰形状取决于冲击物形状.     

不同释放力组合下小型外挂物投放的数值模拟

将嵌套方法和结构网格相结合,提出了一种高效的时间精确数值计算方法,对不同释放力下小型外挂物的投放进行了数值模拟.该模拟在有实验验证算例的基础上进行.首先对马赫数Ma=0.95下从机翼上挂载投放弹体过程进行了分析,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行比较,二者具有很好的一致性,表明该方法的准确性和可靠性.利用上述方法对一小型弹药在不同释放力组合下的投放进行了数值模拟.结果表明,投放物和释放力的参数特性对投放后物体的运动影响较大,尤其是前端释放力的大小和作用位置对该弹药投放后的俯仰角影响显著.对同一投放物来说,释放力参数的准确程度决定着数值模拟的准确性.计算结果为气动设计及有控投放提供了依据.     

瞬态接触—冲击问题的有限元分析

介绍瞬态接触－冲击问题的一种基于拉格朗日乘子法的有限元公式系统及其数值求解，所建立的接触元能模拟的各个阶段，如分离、会或有摩擦的滑移，对于有摩擦的接触和释放给出了一种简洁的接触－释放条件，为了更有效地求解耦合场运动方程，引了隐式－显式有 元算法，该方法的有效性通过模拟核废料装运桶的冲击响应得到了验证。     

强冲击作用下疏松锡的动态响应特性

金属材料在多次强冲击加卸载过程中的复杂动力学行为研究在惯性约束核聚变、冲击防护等领域具有重要的应用价值.多次冲击加载下,材料内部除冲击波与物质相互作用外,还包含首次加载形成的破碎体中颗粒间相互作用,研究三维分布状态已知的疏松材料冲击动态响应将有助于认识该问题.本研究以典型尺度为微米、亚毫米、毫米,初始状态清晰的三种疏松锡为实验样品;采用X光照相、激光干涉测速、可见光高速分幅照相等测试技术;实验观测了10 GPa量级冲击波作用下3种疏松锡的动力学响应.结果显示,激波过后破碎体不能被完全压实,表面产生大量远高于理论自由面速度的喷射物;波后密度、高速喷射物的状态与初始疏松态密切相关.采用SPH方法对实验结果进行了数值模拟分析,揭示了波后材料分布特征及产生高速喷射物的机理.     

泥石流块石冲击下钢框架动力响应分析

探究在泥石流块石冲击下山地地区钢框架结构建筑物的动力响应,运用显示动力学方法对5层钢框架结构计算模型进行数值模拟,分析不同速度的冲击物作用在结构不同位置时的动力响应.结果表明:在冲击物速度不变的情况下,冲击荷载作用于结构的不同位置时,其动力响应差别较大,节点处的响应明显小于梁、柱部位,边跨节点响应要大于中间跨节点;冲击物作用于节点时结构中边跨节点的材料最先进入塑性,且最容易发生破坏,而中间跨节点处相连接的3根梁受到的等效应力最大,材料最先进入塑性;通过对比沿冲击方向梁上某些单元的等效应力,可知在冲击物作用下节点处所承受的能量比梁的要大,撞击所引起的动力反应是局部性的;柱子在冲击过程中吸收的能量最多,是结构受到冲击时最容易发生破坏的部位.     

静载与冲击加载方式下滚刀破岩特性

为了研究在单一恒定静载荷和冲击动载荷这2种情况下盘形滚刀破岩机制,使用颗粒离散元法建立滚刀破岩的二维数值模型。通过控制破岩的垂直载荷,对滚刀破岩动态过程进行分析并研究静载荷、冲击动载荷和冲击次数对滚刀破岩特性的影响,最后通过实验对静载荷下滚刀破岩情形进行验证。研究结果表明:在单一恒定静载荷下,滚刀破岩效果随着静载荷增大而提高;当静载荷达到一定值后,破岩效果提升不明显,存在1个最佳静载荷使破岩效果最优;在冲击动载荷作用下,岩石裂纹扩展情况与静载荷的扩展情况相似,但岩石内部以剪切破坏为主;随着循环冲击动载荷以及施加次数增大,岩石内部产生的裂纹数增大并且有向水平贯穿的趋势,破岩比能耗先减少后变化不大;滚刀在动静载荷作用下比能耗的变化趋势基本一致,冲击动载荷破岩的比能耗比静载荷作用下的比能耗高,大约是静载荷破岩比能耗的1.4倍。     

PTFE基含能破片的能量释放特性研究

本文利用弹道枪作为加载方式模拟破片弹靶作用状态,研究了冷压烧结制备的6种含能材料在冲击条件下的能量释放特性,并利用高速摄影记录实验现象.实验结果表明：含能材料的毁伤效果明显优于惰性材料;Al/W/PTFE含能破片释放的能量最多,Ti/W/PTFE含能破片的火光持续时间最长.     

冲击地压灾害结构失稳机理的组合体试验研究

煤矿冲击地压的发生机理极其复杂,是煤岩体非线性破坏、失稳矿山压力显现的总称。在分析煤岩体破坏机理和采动影响的基础上,应用能量积聚-释放诱发冲击地压的原理设计了煤岩体组合力学模型及模拟煤岩体突出的结构失稳加载试验系统试验,并配制、筛选大变形突出倾向性相似材料等方面进行了组合体结构加载失稳试验,获得了煤岩结构失稳与位移突出的特征。试验表明:组合体试件在加卸载过程中和破坏失稳时表现为稳定态能量积蓄、非稳态释放特征,是应力环境、材料强度与结构等多种因素影响的非线性动力学过程。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to