基于两区模型的钠冷快堆无保护失流事故

为了研究钠冷快堆的固有安全性,研究了适用于钠冷快堆系统分析的理论模型,根据钠冷快堆的特点开发了SAC程序。针对钠池温度计算不准确问题,提出了两区模型。利用三维模型计算钠池主流区,采用提出的两区模型计算钠池温度的瞬态响应。选取了美国实验增殖反应堆(EBR-II)的无保护失流事故实验进行计算对比分析,采用三维钠池模型对钠池流场进行计算和分析,采用两区模型有效地计算了钠池温度瞬态响应。程序计算的事故瞬态结果与实验结果符合较好,验证了SAC程序进行快堆瞬态计算的准确性,同时证明了利用金属燃料的钠冷快堆的固有安全性。     

小型核电站堆芯方案

 具有长寿命、非能动安全的小型核电站是核电发展的一个重要方向。本研究设计了一个小型核电站堆芯方案。该方案为池式钠冷快堆,采用移动反射层和堆内固定吸收体实现较长的堆芯寿期。进一步计算表明,该堆芯方案的寿期可达30年,功率分布合理,各种反应性系数为负值,控制方式的价值足够,满足设计要求。     

烧结镁砂煅烧竖炉内气固传热特性数值分析

以年产5×10⁴t烧结镁砂竖炉为研究对象,基于多孔介质理论,建立竖炉内三维稳态气固流动传热模型,并模拟研究竖炉热工参数对床层内气固传热过程的影响.研究结果表明:冷却风流量每增加10%,出口烟气温度降低50℃,出口球团温度降低80℃;冷却段长度每增加5%,出口球团温度降低25℃.以竖炉出口烟气温度和球团温度为优化目标函数,得到竖炉最适宜结构和操作参数,即煅烧风流量为2606.67m³/h,冷却风流量为2203.34m³/h,预热煅烧段长度为6.64m,冷却段长度为11.70m.在此竖炉运行工况下,出口球团温度为288.75℃,出口烟气温度为414.32℃.     

运行条件对自然通风湿式冷却塔性能影响的实验研究

为研究得到湿式冷却塔最佳运行工况,搭建了自然通风湿式冷却塔实验系统。在保证结构参数不变的情况下,通过改变循环水进塔水温、循环水流量、环境大气干球温度、相对湿度等因素,研究得到不同运行条件下冷却塔性能的变化规律,并对其分析优化,从而取得高性能的运行工况。研究结果表明:在设定工况下,循环水流量对冷却性能几乎没有影响;循环水进塔温度高有利于增大冷却温差和冷却效率,但超过某特定值冷却效率趋于平缓;提高环境空气干球温度冷却温差和冷却效率逐渐减小,且进塔水温越高,环境干球温度的影响越大;空气相对湿度增大将导致冷却性能和冷却效率显著下降;随着侧风风速的增大,冷却性能先减小后增大,存在临界风速值。     

两环路核电厂试验支管振动疲劳研究

针对国内二代加的两环路核电厂试验用支管中存在的振动疲劳问题,提出了一种确定疲劳振动的测量和计算分析方法,并运用该方法对国内某两环路核电厂小支管进行了工况分析、振动测量和最大有效振动速度计算,同时采用结构力学有限元程序ANSYS软件对小支管的振动疲劳应力进行了分析.结果表明,该方法能够很好的诊断出小支管中存在的第一类敏感管和第二类敏感管,从而为判断在两环路核电厂中试验中支管是否是敏感管提供了理论依据.     

制冷机房冷冻水和冷却水变流量解耦控制策略

为降低制冷机房运行能耗,提出了一种基于正交试验分析法的变流量变温差控制策略。首先介绍了变流量变温差的提出和实现思路,然后建立了螺杆式冷水机组和水泵设备模型,对模型进行编程并植入TRNSYS软件进行了模拟及验证;最后建立了由冷水机组和水泵组成的地表水源制冷机房仿真平台,并在该平台上进行二次正交回归试验,得到了制冷机房总功率与冷负荷、冷却水进水温度、冷却水流量、冷冻水流量和冷冻水供水温度五因素的经验关联式,再通过数据处理,得到不同冷负荷和冷却水进水温度下,使制冷机房总功率最小的冷冻水流量、冷却水流量和冷冻水供水温度的优化值。结果表明,某工况下变流量变温差控制策略下的制冷机房总功率相对定流量变供回水温差和传统变流量定温差两种控制模式下的总功率,分别下降了14.023 kW和4.94kW;变流量变温差法比传统变流量定温差法的节能能力提高54.6%。     

电渣重熔过程的数值模拟

以电渣重熔电极、渣池和铸锭为研究对象,建立了电渣重熔体系三维准稳态数学模型.利用商业软件ANSYS得到了电渣重熔过程的电磁场、流场与温度场.计算结果表明,在电极和钢锭内,电流主要集中在外表面,在渣池内主要集中在电极角部;由于电流密度分布不同导致的电磁力和焦耳热及冷却条件共同影响渣池内流场和温度场;随着熔速的增加,熔池深度和两相区最大宽度增加;本工况下,700~800kg/h的熔速将对应一个最短的局部凝固时间.     

电主轴轴心冷却用环路热虹吸管的传热特性

为了加强电主轴轴心冷却、减小电主轴的热变形,以150SD型磨削电主轴转子为对象,采用单环路热虹吸管来冷却主轴轴心,利用环路热虹吸管无需外部动力及传热效率极高的特征,从原理上避免了"动密封"问题对电主轴轴心冷却的困扰。对高离心力作用下单环路热虹吸管内传热工质的流动及传热状态进行了理论分析;以正戊烷为工质,对适用于该主轴轴心冷却尺寸的环路热虹吸管的传热特性进行了实验研究,并对其应用于电主轴轴心冷却的实际效果进行了预测。结果显示:在文中的实验工况下,单环路热虹吸管的运行温度稳定,其传热性能在充液率为60%左右时达到最佳,热阻仅为0.57℃/W;当采用4根单环路热虹吸管冷却结构时,150SD型磨削电主轴转子的最大温升为28.5℃,且这一温升数值随着转速的增加而继续减小,表明单环路热虹吸管在电主轴轴心冷却方面具有良好的应用效果。     

反应堆主冷却剂泵卡转子事故分析

主泵卡转子事故是指一台反应堆冷却剂泵转轴瞬时卡死。受影响环路的冷却剂流量迅速减小,将由反应堆冷却剂（RCS）低流量信号触动反应堆停堆。为评价AP1000核电厂在发生卡转子事故后的响应,本文对关键的RCS流量变化进行了保守处理,并采用LOFTRAN、FACTRAN等程序进行计算分析,分析中还分别考虑了厂外电源有效和无效工况。     

轴流泵叶轮出口流场的3D-PIV测量

为了全面揭示轴流泵叶轮出口流场规律,采用3D-PIV技术对一经改装的轴流泵在设计工况、高效区工况、马鞍区工况、小流量工况和大流量工况下的叶轮出口流场进行了全面测量,并运用TSI公司的Insight和Tecplot软件对数据进行了后处理,得出了各个测试工况下叶轮出口测试区域的空间流线图和横断面三维流速的云图分布.试验结果揭示了轴流泵叶轮出口流场呈螺旋形向外运动的趋势,水流具有较为明显的三维流动特征;证明采用3D-PIV技术对轴流泵叶轮出口流场进行研究是可行的,能够反映三维流场的实际情况,为轴流泵设计提供参考,并对CFD数值模拟轴流泵叶轮出口流场的结果进行验证.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-