手持导航型GPS在地质工程测量中的应用

文章详细介绍了地质工程测量中手持导航型GPS使用方法及其参数设置,着重分析了能够达到的精度指标,并且介绍了地质勘探工程测量中对高程精度的要求和GPS高程测量采用的方法,对以后地质勘探工程测量中的高程测量采用的方法和手段有一定的现实参考意义。     

GPS-RTK在线路测量中的应用研究

为了解决在道路放样测量中点位精度低的问题,在哈伊公路庆安到绥化段(公里桩号为K165+150至203+950)的线路测量中,采用GPS RTK技术进行放样路线上的点位,并采用了RTK测量高程,同时使用普通水准测量的方法对所放出的点位进行水准测量,进行精度对比分析无论是平面还是高程都取得了令人满意的效果。本文主要结合工程实际阐述了GPS在工程控制测量、RTK技术放样过程的应用及效果,并对GPS高程测量精度的进行分析比较,总结了GPS在线路工程应用中的经验,为相关工程应用提供借鉴。     

基于GPS-RTK技术在地质勘探工程测量中的应用研究

主要介绍了GPS-RTK技术及其快速静态定位、准动态定位和动态定位三种定位模式,重点对GPS-RTK技术在地质勘探工程测量中的勘探网及控制测量、工程点布设、勘探线剖面测量、地质工程点定位测量和物化探测量等应用情况进行了分析。并对GPS-RTK技术应用中的测量误差来源和精度、基准站和移动站的设置进行了讨论。GPS-RTK技术改变了传统的地质勘探工程测量模式,极大的提高了地质勘探工程测量外业工作效率及测量精度,在地质勘探工作中得到了越来越多的应用。     

通过工程实例推广全站仪三角高程测量在工程中的应用

针对测量技术人员还存在对三角高程测量技术撑握不全面，在实践中难以达到测量要求，致使许多工程在有条件的情况下还在沿用传统的高程水准测量方法。结合十天22标工程开工复测实例，按照测量规范要求，对采用全站仪进行三角高程测量精度进行探究，找出其内在规律，为在工程建设领域大力推广全站仪三角高程测量提供技术支持。     

勘探线网的测设与钻探工程测量

煤田地质勘探一般是指煤田普查和勘探,目的是为了详细查明地下煤炭资源情况,进行勘探工程,并需相应地进行测量工作,这项工作称为地质勘探工程测量。它包括以下主要任务:为地质勘探工程设计提供资料;根据设计在实地对工程进行定位、定线,并测出已施工完毕工程点的坐标和高程;为研究地层构造、编写地质报告和储量计算提供有关的测量资料。     

GPS高程测量技术在水利工程测量中的应用

GPS作为科技发展的产物,被广泛应用于各个领域当中,以其全天候、速度快、精度高等特点被人们所推崇。水利工程测量中的高程测量通常采用传统的几何水准测量法,这种方法虽然能够满足精度高的要求,但工程的效率非常低。GPS高程测量技术在水利工程测量中的优点则尤为突出,但在应用的过程中也反映出了相关的问题。在对GPS高程测量技术及其在水利工程测量中应用的现状进行分析的基础上,探讨提高其应用效果的措施。     

中间法测距三角高程测量精度分析研究

在工程的施工过程中,常常涉及到高程测量。传统的测量方法是水准测量、三角高程测量。水准测量是一种直接测高法,测定高差的精度是较高的,但水准测量受到地形起伏的限制,外业工作量大,施测速度较慢。因此,研究了全站仪中间法三角高程测量,推导了全站仪中间法高程测量的计算公式,并运用误差传播定律导出了高程测量精度的计算公式,分析了有关误差来源对高程测量精度的影响,从而达到提高高程测量效率的目的。     

自由设站式三角高程测量及应用

文章介绍了自由设站式三角高程测量的基本原理和方法,推导了该方法在水准测量中的计算公式,从理论上对其测量精度做出了评定,并且验证在一定条件下该方法的精度完全可以达到国家三、四等水准测量规范的精度要求;并以徕卡TCA2003全站仪为例简单介绍自由设站式三角高程测量方法在实际工程中的应用。     

三论三角高程测量精度的提高新的三角高程测量间接平差法

本文根据气象法三角高程测量的特点,提出了同时解算高程改正、垂直温差改正和垂线偏差的新三角高程测量间接平差法。采用这种平差方法不但能使现代三角高程测量平差的方法更加严紧,从而提高三角高程测量的精度,而且使得在三角高程测量中内插垂线偏差成为可能。     

三角高程测量中“两差”改正系数C的确定方法

针对低标（近地面）三角高程测量＂两差＂改正系数C在实际工程中无已知且合理的数值可以采用的问题,推证出了一种可根据实际工程的观测数据确定C值的方法,并可据此合理评定三角高程测量观测成果的精度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.