下尿路梗阻对大鼠逼尿肌肌条自发性收缩影响的实验研究

观察下尿路梗阻对大鼠逼尿肌肌条自发性收缩的影响。建立Wistar大鼠膀胱下尿路梗阻动物模型 ,6周后行充盈性膀胱测压 ,根据有否逼尿肌不稳定 (逼尿肌稳定 )将膀胱下尿路梗阻动物分为逼尿肌不稳定组和逼尿肌稳定组 ,用拉力传感器检测离体逼尿肌肌条的自发性收缩的频率及收缩幅度。分别进行统计和分析。比较逼尿肌肌条自发性收缩频率及收缩幅度 ,证实逼尿肌不稳定组较逼尿肌稳定组及正常对照组明显增强 (P <0 0 5 ) ;正常对照组与逼尿肌稳定组之间无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;提示下尿路梗阻使逼尿肌自发性收缩的节律发生改变 ,是引起逼尿肌不稳定发生的一个重要因素。     

晚期糖基化终产物对大鼠阴茎海绵体组织中一氧化氮含量及其合成酶活性的影响

通过观察大鼠阴茎海绵体组织中晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)含量的变化对一氧化氮(NO)含量及其合成酶(NOS)活性的影响,探讨AGEs在糖尿病性勃起功能障碍(DMED)发生发展中的作用.成年雄性SD大鼠60只,随机取40只用于制作糖尿病模型,造模成功的大鼠分为两组:糖尿病(DM)组和糖尿病 氨基胍给药(DM AG)组;另20只大鼠亦分为两组:正常对照(CONTROL)组和正常对照 氨基胍给药(CONTROL AG)组;氨基胍(AG)给药组大鼠造模后即在其饮水中按1 g/L剂量加入AG.饲养8周后取各组大鼠阴茎海绵体组织,匀浆后检测AGE-肽(AGE-P)含量、NO含量及各型NOS酶活性.DM组阴茎海绵体组织中AGE-P含量、NO含量及诱导型NOS(iNOS)活性明显高于CONTROL组(P＜0.05),而结构型NOS(cNOS)活性则明显低于后者(P＜0.05),而AG则明显减少了DM大鼠阴茎海绵体组织中AGE-P、NO的生成和减弱了iNOS活性,增强了cNOS活性;CONTROL组与CONTROL AG组间比较在各项指标上则无明显差异(P＞0.05).糖尿病状态下AGEs可以引起大鼠阴茎海绵体组织中cNOS活性减弱,iNOS活性增强,过量的NO生成,可能引起阴茎组织细胞的凋亡,导致阴茎勃起功能的损伤.     

表皮生长因子对糖尿病大鼠角膜上皮损伤修复影响的研究

目的:探讨表皮生长因子对糖尿病大鼠角膜上皮损伤修复的影响。方法:将SD雄性大鼠28只随机分为正常未治疗组(6只)、正常治疗组(6只)、糖尿病未治疗组(8只)、糖尿病治疗组(8只)。采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)65mg/kg左下腹腔一次性注射制作糖尿病大鼠模型。4周后,将大鼠全麻后制作右眼角膜上皮损伤模型,损伤后0h,12h,18h,24h分别行角膜荧光素染色显示损伤的区域,眼前节分析系统照相并分析损伤区域的面积。结果:角膜上皮损伤修复速度糖尿病组比正常组慢,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组的角膜上皮损伤修复速度比未治疗组快,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:糖尿病可使大鼠角膜上皮损伤修复延迟,但因角膜上皮修复较快,表皮生长因子促进糖尿病大鼠角膜上皮损伤修复的影响不明显。     

有氧运动对2型糖尿病大鼠肾损伤的影响及可能机制

运用高脂饲料喂养和腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)的方法复制2型糖尿病SD大鼠模型,探讨8周无负重游泳运动对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏的影响及其可能机制.将SD大鼠分为正常对照组(A)、糖尿病模型组(B)和糖尿病运动组(C).糖尿病运动组(C)大鼠进行8周无负重游泳运动.实验结束后通过HE染色和Masson染色观察肾组织病理学的变化,同时检测大鼠血液血糖(GLU)、糖化血红蛋白(GHb)、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)和肾脏的丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性变化,并对实验结果进行统计分析.结果显示:糖尿病模型组(B)大鼠体重极显著小于正常对照组(A)(P<0.01);糖尿病模型组(B)大鼠肾指数(KI)、肾脏氧化应激水平和血液GLU、GHb、Scr、BUN水平极显著高于(P<0.01)正常对照组(A).同时,糖尿病模型组(B)大鼠肾组织形态结构受到了一定程度的损伤,8周无负重游泳运动对2型糖尿病大鼠体重、肾指数(KI)均无显著影响(P>0.05),但降低了2型糖尿病大鼠血液GLU、GHb、Scr、BUN和肾脏氧化应激水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),对2型糖尿病大鼠肾组织形态结构的损伤也有一定的改善作用.本文研究表明8周无负重游泳运动对2型糖尿病大鼠肾损伤具有一定的改善作用,其机制可能与游泳运动的降血糖、抗氧化作用密切相关,具体机制还有待于进一步的研究.     

游泳运动对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌TGF-β_1/CTGF基因表达和胶原代谢的影响

选取雄性SD大鼠作为实验对象,并随机分为正常组(NC,10只)、糖尿病组(DM,14只)和糖尿病运动组(DME,20只),后两组通过6周高脂饲料喂养和腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,建模成功后,糖尿病运动组(DME)进行为期10周的游泳运动,最后检测大鼠血液主要血清酶和心肌转化生长因子(TGF-β1)/结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)基因表达水平及胶原代谢的变化.结果显示,与正常组(NC)比较,糖尿病组(DM)大鼠血液葡萄糖(GLU)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)和心肌羟脯氨酸(HYP)、氧化应激及TGF-β1 mRNA、CTGF mRNA表达水平均显著升高(P<0.01),而上述指标在糖尿病运动组(DME)均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),但仍显著高于正常组(NC)(P<0.05或P<0.01).以上结果表明:长期游泳运动对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌胶原代谢紊乱具有一定的改善作用,其机制可能与游泳运动可以降低2型糖尿病大鼠血糖和心肌氧化应激水平及TGF-β1/CTGF基因表达水平有关.     

产妇怎样解除排尿障碍

引起产妇排尿障碍的原因有:分娩造成会阴裂伤或产道破损,肿痛严重;难产致使产程长、胎头持久压迫膀胱,使得内部粘膜充血和水肿,造成膀胱及其括约肌较长时间丧失收缩力;分娩时局部神经受到损伤,导致排尿功能减退或消失;产后膀胱容量大,膀胱壁伸长力异常松弛,排尿反射不敏感;产妇躺在床上小便,支配排尿的神经受到抑制,难以排除尿液等.     

CTGF mRNA在糖尿病大鼠心肌中的表达及贝那普利的干预

目的研究结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)mRNA在糖尿病(DM)大鼠心肌中的表达及贝那普利(Benazepril)的干预作用.方法wistar大鼠34只建立糖尿病模型后,随机分为贝那普利治疗组及糖尿病未治疗组,12周末应用Rt-PCR检测糖尿病大鼠心肌CTGR mRNA的表达,并与正常组对照.结果DM未治疗组CTGR mRNA的表达明显高于正常组和贝那普利治疗组(P＜0.01).结论持续高糖能导致心肌CTGF mRNA表达增强,而贝那普利能在一定程度上抑制其表达,从而可能减轻糖尿病心肌病的病理变化.     

糖尿病大鼠血清一氧化氮浓度的变化

目的 :观察不同病程糖尿病大鼠血清一氧化氮 (NO)浓度变化 ,探讨糖尿病大鼠血清NO变化的规律和意义。方法 :建立链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型 ,分别在第 2、7、12周 3个时期取血清 ,葡萄糖酶法测定血清葡萄糖 ,硝酸还原酶法测定血清NO含量。结果 :(1)血糖变化　对照组各时期血糖值维持在正常水平 ;糖尿病组大鼠各时期血糖均明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。 (2 )血清NO浓度变化　对照组各时期血清NO浓度无显著性差异 ;糖尿病组大鼠 2周时血清NO浓度明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;7周、12周时糖尿病组大鼠血清NO浓度恢复到正常水平 ,与对照组相比无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论 :NO是糖尿病发生的重要因子之一 ,但可能与血糖的调节无关。     

五味子多糖对2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏的保护作用

目的探讨五味子多糖(SCP)对高脂饮食联合小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导2型糖尿病(T 2DM)大鼠肝脏的保护作用.方法雄性Wistar大鼠70只,随机分出10只作为正常对照组(CON),其余采用高脂饮食联合小剂量STZ一次性腹腔注射建立T 2DM模型.将糖尿病建模成功的大鼠随机分为3组,分别为模型组(MOD)、SCP低剂量组(25 mg/kg)和SCP高剂量组(50 mg/kg),每组10只.灌胃给药8周后进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),检测血清中空腹血糖(FBG)、胰岛素(INS)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平,测定肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性. HE染色观察肝脏病理学变化.结果与MOD组比较,SCP治疗组血糖曲线下面积明显下降; T 2DM大鼠血清中FBG,ALT和AST水平显著降低,INS含量提高(P0. 01或P0. 05).同时,SCP治疗组肝组织中MDA水平降低,SOD活性提高,肝小叶内肝细胞脂肪变性减轻.结论SCP能够改善2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏功能,对2型糖尿病造成的肝脏损害具有一定的保护作用.     

CTGF mRNA在糖尿病大鼠心肌的表达及粉防己碱保护作用的研究

目的研究粉防己碱对糖尿病(DM)大鼠心肌的保护作用及相关机制.方法36只Wistar大鼠用链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱发糖尿病模型后,随机分为粉防己碱治疗组、苯那普利治疗组及糖尿病未治疗组,以10只正常大鼠作为对照.12周末检测血糖、血脂、心肌组织血管紧张素Ⅱ,应用RT-PCR检测心肌CTGR mRNA的表达水平.结果DM未治疗组心肌组织血管紧张素Ⅱ含量、CTGR mRNA的表达明显高于对照组和治疗组(P<0.01).结论持续高糖能导致心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ含量增高、CTGF mRNA表达增强,而粉防己碱能在一定程度上降低心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ含量,抑制CTGF mRNA表达,从而可能减轻糖尿病性心肌病的病理变化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to