真实切应变及其在等径弯曲通道变形中的应用

该文研究平面简单切变过程中切应变的计算。从无穷小变形条件下应变的定义出发，提出了大变形时真实切应变的概念。对切应变主轴不变的平面简单切变过程，通过无穷小应变的积分，导出了真实切应变计算公式。将该公式应用于等径弯曲通道变形中真应变的计算，与直接分析试件的几何变形得出的计算公式完全相同，而且与实验测定的真实等效应变吻合很好。     

纯铁药型罩材料的动态应力-应变行为

利用Hopkinson杆技术对经930℃下退火2h的纯铁药型罩材料进行了冲击压缩实验,测定了该材料在不同应变率下的动态应力-应变关系.借助光学显微镜对变形后纯铁的组织进行了观察,研究了在不同应变率下变形过程中纯铁的组织演变和动态应力-应变行为.研究表明:在650～3850s-1的应变率范围内,纯铁药型罩材料有显著的孪生变形,发生了明显的应变强化和应变率强化效应,且最大应变也随应变率的提高而增加;在高应变率冲击下,孪生和滑移是纯铁的主要塑性变形机制,也是纯铁高应变率增强增塑的主要机制.     

二维塑性变形中应变分布测量的新方法

为了解决复杂构件体积成形过程中金属变形流线和塑性应变分布难于定量测量的问题,本文提出了一种用套环螺纹的测量方法.该方法不用替代材料即可实现对体积成形过程的三维塑性变形的测定,进行定量分析.利用该方法对轮毂件成形过程中四条流线及其轴向应变进行了测量分析,并将实验结果与数值模拟进行了对比.用套环螺纹法获得的应变分布与有限元模拟的应变分布吻合.说明该方法是测量体积成形过程中塑性应变分布较为有效的实验方法.     

用电阻应变传感器测定柱状药包爆轰压力的近似值

柱状药包置于一个盛满水的小薄壁圆柱筒的中央进行爆炸，药包中传播的爆轰波与水相互作用，在水中产生爆炸应力波；应力波从水中透射到圆筒，使得圆筒产生环向变形；用超动态应变测试系统测定圆筒外壁上的环向爆炸应变波，根据应变波的峰值与爆轰压力之间的关系，可以确定柱状中空药包爆轰压力的近似值，本文介绍了测试方法及测定结果。     

斜拉索动应变非接触实时测定方法

基于单设备多目标高速相机非接触测量动位移测定系统,进行非接触式实时测定斜拉桥拉索动应变的计算方法研究. 首先,从斜拉索非线性计算理论,推导拉索整体割线坐标系下由动位移计算动应变的计算公式;其次,采用扁平索的基本假定,得到不考虑非线性项的斜拉索动应变简化计算公式,并建立采用有限差分法的斜拉索动应变实时测定方法;再次,利用LabVIEW程序开发平台,在圆形边界检测结合模板匹配的图像处理技术的基础上,进行斜拉索动应变实时测定系统的开发. 最后,通过室内摆锤模型试验验证斜拉索动应变简化计算公式的正确性和动应变测定方法的可靠性,通过实桥测试验证开发的测定系统的可行性和有效性.     

消除岩石动态实验曲线振荡的有效途径

就岩石动态应力－应变－应变率曲线测定中存在的严重振荡问题进行了讨论，提出了消除这一振荡的有效途径：改传统的矩形波加载为半周期正弦波加载。并就实现半周期正弦波加载的冲头结构进行了研究。     

局部应力应变法的试验研究

概述了局部应力应变法的原理和现有的各种理论,试验测定了40CrNiMoA材料的循环应力应变曲线、应变寿命曲线,并做了随机载荷作用下缺口试件的疲劳试验.用上述各种理论估算了缺口试件的疲劳寿命,并与试验结果作了比较分析。     

高应变率时的转变动力学测试及组织形貌观察

采用自行设计的双径试样，提出了高应变率时的转变这测试方法，并测定了奥氏体不锈钢在低温高应变率时应变衣发马氏体转变的动力学曲线，观察了不同变形阶段的组织形貌。结果表明：当应变量小于9％时，高应变率时的应变诱发马氏体转变量低于低应变率时的；当应变量大于9％时，则相反，观察到高应变率时应力平均与硬化阶段的TEM组织形貌分别对孪晶与断续的马氏体。     

土体小应变刚度特性的试验研究

土体的小应变刚度在深基坑或隧道开挖等以变形控制为主的工程中是起决定性作用的参数.利用固结仪、应力路径三轴仪和共振柱联合测定江苏常州地区3个典型土层原状土的小应变刚度特性,得到了土体小应变硬化模型(HSS)的相关参数,包括土体的初始剪切模量、模量退化曲线、土体强度参数、加卸载模量等.分析了土体有效应力对土体小应变刚度特性的影响,并对如何选择合适的小应变模型参数提出了初步建议.     

多轴非对称循环下材料的循环特性

在不同应变比下，按照总应变控制等幅循环阶梯载方式，测定了材料在拉一压，拉－拉及扭转循环下相应的循环载荷－变形曲线，得出了材料的循环应力及应力比值应变比的变化关系。     

用透射电子显微镜确定嗜酸红假单胞菌的形态分类

利用透射电子显微镜对实验菌P－3O1菌株进行形态学分类,为该菌株是嗜酸红假单细胞菌的福建变种（Rhodopseudomonas acidophila var.Fujianensis n.var.）的鉴定奠定了形态学的依据。     

F40级船板钢的应变时效行为

通过SEM、TEM和多功能内耗仪研究了F40级船板钢应变时效后的微观组织变化以及时效过程中的内耗行为. 结果表明:应变时效过程中,F40级船板钢宏观组织没有发生明显的变化,组织很稳定;在内耗-温度曲线上230℃时出现一个内耗峰,这是由于游离态的碳原子在此条件下钉扎位错和摆脱位错钉扎所导致;位错组态的变化及位错与碳原子相互作用的宏观效应表现为钢板应变时效后硬度上升,韧性下降,韧脆转变温度升高.     

Deformation behavior and microstructure of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy during hot deformation

The hot deformation behavior and microstructures of Al-7055 commercial alloy were investigated by axisymmetric hot compression at temperatures ranging from 300℃ to 450℃ and strain rates from 10-2 to 10 s-1, respectively. Microstructures of deformed 7055 alloy were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The dependence of peak stress on deformation temperature and strain rate can be expressed by the hyperbolic-sine type equation. The hot deformation activation energy of the alloy is 146 kJ/mol. Moreover, the flow stress curves predicted by the modified constitutive equations are reasonably consistent with the experimental results, which confirms that the proposed deformation constitutive equations can provide evidence for the selection of hot forming parameters. TEM results indicate that dynamic recovery is the main softening mechanism during hot deformation.     

30Mn20Al3无磁钢加工硬化行为和组织变化

研究了30Mn20Al3无磁钢冷轧板经1 000和800℃固溶处理10 min后的拉伸变形加工硬化行为和组织结构变化.结果表明:该钢的加工硬化速率在不同变形阶段随真应变的变化呈现不同的规律,加工硬化指数随真应变增加而增加.OM和TEM观察显示,变形量小时,滑移为主要变形机制;变形量增大,变形机制以形变孪晶与位错及形变孪晶之间的交互作用为主;1 000℃固溶处理的晶粒尺寸较800℃大,变形过程中产生的形变孪晶较多,且随着变形量增加,形变孪晶可持续形成,增大了TWIP效应;晶粒尺寸减小使变形过程中的形变孪晶产生的临界应力增大,抑制形变孪晶的产生,从而减小了TWIP效应.     

高浓度弛豫SiGe/SOI材料的制备研究

对SOl（绝缘体上的硅）衬底上外延生长的SiGe层进行了研究，并利用透射电镜、AES、Raman光谱、X-ray多晶衍射等技术对SiGe／SOI材料做了表征。结果表明：制备的材料中Ge／Si元素分布均匀，SiGe层是高度弛豫的，SiGe层中应变通过产生失配位错被释放出来。     

Dynamic recrystallization of electroformed copper liners of shaped charges in high-strain-rate plastic deformation

The microstructures in the electroformed copper liners of shaped charges after high-strain-rate plastic deformation were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Meanwhile, the orientation distribution of the grains in the recovered slug was examined by the electron backscattering Kikuchi pattern (EBSP) technique. EBSP analysis illustrated that unlike the as-formed electroformed copper linersof shaped charges the grain orientations in the recovered slug are distributed along randomly all the directions after undergoing heavily strain deformation at high-strain rate. Optical microscopy shows a typical recrystallization structure, and TEM examination reveals dislocation cells existed in the thin foil specimen. These results indicate that dynamic recovery and recrystallization occur during this plastic deformation process, and the associated deformation temperature is considered to be higher than 0.6 times the melting point of copper.     

18-18-0.5N高氮奥氏体不锈钢冷轧变形过程中的组织演变和形变强化

利用XRD、TEM、SEM和拉伸实验等分析测试方法研究了18-18-0.5N高氮奥氏体不锈钢在冷轧变形过程中的组织演变和形变强化规律.结果发现:18-18-0.5N高氮奥氏体不锈钢在冷变形过程中并未发生形变诱导相变,微观组织和力学性能在变形量为43.8%附近出现转折.提出了屈服强度随应变变化的预测方程.     

Microstructural evolution of a recycled aluminum alloy deformed by equal channel angular pressing process

The microstructural evolution of a recycled aluminum alloy after equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) up to four passes was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microhardness tests were performed to determine the associated changes in mechanical properties. An ultrafine-grained material has been obtained with a microstructure showing a mixture of highly strained crystallites. A high density of dislocations was achieved as a result of severe plastic deformation (SPD) through the die. Changes in mechanical behavior are also revealed after ECAP due to strain hardening. Thermal analysis and TEM micrographs obtained after annealing indicate the succession of the recovery, recrystallization, and grain growth phenomena. Moreover, the energy stored during ECAP may be related to the dislocation density introduced by SPD. We finally emphasize the role played by the precipitates in this alloy.     

Effect of strain on space charge layer in GaN nanowires investigated by in-situ off-axis electron holography

Effect of strain on space charge (SC) layer in nanowires (NWs) has been examined by in situ off-axis electron holography, where GaN NWs attach to an Au electrode inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Based on the phase image reconstructed from the complex hologram, the width of SC layer in a strained GaN NW is significantly reduced to about 60 nm, comparing to the 85 nm of the unstrained NW. About 29% reduction of the SC layer in the strained GaN NW resulted from significant decrease of electrons flowed from the GaN into Au. First principle calculations show that the strain reduced bandgap of GaN, narrowing the difference between GaN NW and Au electrode in Fermi level.