地下水对岩土工程的影响及勘察现场注意要点分析

现代社会的发展，各项建设活动均在大力的进行中，建筑物的修筑等岩土工程的数量也在不断的增加，逐步成为了极为普遍的工程项目之一。岩土工程包含了较多的环节，其中地下水勘测与评价是其中十分重要的构成部分，由于地下水对于岩土体的影响极大，直接关系到岩土工程的质量及施工进度，因此在进行岩土工程设计、实质的施工中均需要全面的收集并深入的分析地下水的各项数据，保障岩土工程的设计及施工的科学合理性。该文简单的分析了地下水对于岩土工程的主要影响，如地下水位的上升、下降、动水压力作用、侵蚀作用等，并提出了几点勘察现场的注意要点，为开展岩土工程的人员提供一定的参考与借鉴。     

水—岩作用模型及其在水—玄武岩反应研究中的应用

采用线性规划的方法模拟地下水与岩石之间的作用，计算地下水与岩石之间的矿物溶蚀量是水－岩作用研究的一个新方法。本以江苏六合玄武岩地区水－岩作用研究为例讨论了水－岩作用模型的应用，并对其目前仍存在的问题进行了探讨。     

做好水文地质工作的探讨

为提高工程勘察质量,在工程勘察中不仅要求查明与岩土工程有关的水文地质问题,评价地下水对岩土体和建筑物的作用及其影响,更要提出预防及治理措施的建议,为设计和施工提供必要的水文地质资料,以消除或减少地下水对岩土工程的危害。本文分别从工程地质勘察中水文地质评价内容、岩土水理性质以及地下水引起的岩土工程危害三个方面阐述了水文地质问题在工程勘察中的重要性,供同行参考。     

地下水对城市地下空间开发的制约及机理

国土空间资源和城镇化用地需求矛盾日益突出,城市地下空间开发是解决上述矛盾的有效途径.然而,城市地下空间建设及运营过程中将改变地下三相介质(固-液-气)的平衡状态,造成一系列工程、环境及生态问题.地下水是地质体中能量传输和物质迁移的载体,是引起岩土体性质、地下水化学组分及水动力条件变化的关键因素.因此,以地下水为主线,总结并阐述了8种城市地下空间开发及运营过程中可能引发的与地下水相关的工程、环境及生态问题:地下水水压、浮力、地表变形及沉降、特殊岩土体性能劣化、地下结构腐蚀、地震震害、地下水污染及城市热岛效应.由于目前研究地下水与城市地下空间(特别是深部地下空间)相互作用的机理及实际案例很少,导致对地下水系统变化造成的相关问题的机理认识有限.提出了5个方面的研究建议:加强对城市地下空间建设及运营过程中的体系化监测;研究地下水系统变化对岩土体物性影响;研究地下水系统变化对地层中有毒元素由深部向浅部垂向运移机理;研究多场耦合作用下城市地下空间开发与地质环境相互作用及长期影响;研究地下水水位变化对基础抗浮设计的影响.     

工程地质勘察中水文地质问题的影响

为提高工程勘察质量,在工程勘察中不仅要求查明与岩土工程有关的水文地质问题,评价地下水对岩土体和建筑物的作用及其影响,更要提出预防及治理措施的建议,为设计和施工提供必要的水文地质资料,以消除或减少地下水对岩土工程的危害。文章分别从工程地质勘察中水文地质评价内容、岩土水理性质以及地下水引起的岩土工程危害三个方面阐述了水文地质问题在工程勘察中的影响。     

不同类型岩土浸泡水实验分析

为研究降水补给地下水过程中在包气带发生的物质交换及地下水化学演化的特征,在沂源地区采集不同类型的岩土样品11组,按5min和48h的浸泡时间以1∶5的固液比分两组进行了浸泡试验,检测并分析了不同岩土浸泡水中的K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4、HCO-3和NO-3等组成及含量变化。结果表明,不同类型岩土样品经浸泡后均有大量物质进入浸泡水中,并随浸泡时间的延长,除个别离子含量减少外,K+、Na+、Cl-、SO2-4等大部分离子均出现不同程度增加。说明在天然降水补给地下水过程中,降水通过对包气带的淋溶作用,使包气带岩土中的大量物质转入水中,水化学性质发生重大变化。由此可认定,地下水的大部分化学组分来源于降水转化为地下水过程中包气带的淋溶作用。     

浅议工程地质勘察中水文地质问题的必要性

为提高工程勘察质量,在工程勘察中不仅要求查明与岩土工程有关的水文地质问题,评价地下水对岩土体和建筑物的作用及其影响,更要提出预防及治理措施的建议,为设计和施工提供必要的水文地质资料,以消除或减少地下水对岩土工程的危害.本文分别从工程地质勘察中水文地质评价内容、岩土水理性质以及地下水引起的岩土工程危害三个方面阐述了水文地质问题在工程勘察中的重要性.     

花岗岩地区地下水溶质的形成机制探讨

通过对可寺省东部花岗岩地区水－土壤－岩石相互作用过程中地质地球化学特征的研究分析,阐明了花岗石地区地下水的水化学特征,并指出花岗岩工区地下水溶质主要来源于土壤与水的相互作用。     

水—岩土化学作用的环境效应

对水－岩土化学作用的环境效应从几个方面进行了实例分析。针对水－岩土化学作用所存在的正负两方面的环境效应,强调指出,在重视研究其负效应的同时,还应更多地通过分析水－岩土化学作用的过程,综合利用地质环境中水－岩土化学作用的规律来达到调控和防治环境地质灾害的目的。分析了水－岩土化学作用环境效应的研究思路及研究方法,并认为这是环境地质研究中值得开拓的新领域。     

南宁市地下水化学场分区特征及其主要影响因素

根据资料对南宁市地下水化学场进行区域划分,并研究了化学类型、组分含量的特征与规律。从工程的角度进行分析后,认为水化学场变化的同时也改变了城市建筑的基础－岩土体的性质,而导致这些改变的主要因素是人为抽水和污染。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.