SO4^2—／ZrO2催化合成核黄素四丙酸酯的研究

合成了不同种类的ＳＯ４＾２－／ＭｘＯｙ型固体超强酸催化剂,并考察了各种催化剂对合成核黄素四丙酸酯反应活性的影响,发现ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２固体超强酸催化剂活性最高,通过单因子实验,探讨了ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２的制备条件、催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对酯化反应的影响,优化了催化剂制备条件,实验结果表明：ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２固体超强酸催化剂对核黄素四丙酸酯的合成反应具有良好的催化活性,具有易     

玻璃球负载纳米级SO2-4/TiO2固体超强酸催化合成丙酸苄酯

用玻璃球负载纳米级SO2-4/TiO2固体超强酸催化合成丙酸苄酯,对丙酸苄酯的合成条件和催化剂的重复使用效果进行了研究.在最佳反应条件下,丙酸的转化率为97.5%.实验还表明,该催化剂对丙酸和苄醇的酯化反应在重复使用5次后,反应3.0 h时丙酸的转化率变为90.3%,催化产物的气相色谱说明该催化剂选择性好,无副产物生成,是合成丙酸苄酯的良好催化剂,具有较好的应用前景.     

磁性固体超强酸ZrO2/SO4^2-催化合成丙酸丁酯

以丙酸和丁醇为原料,磁性固体超强酸ZrO2/SO4^2-为催化剂合成了丙酸丁酯.其最佳反应条件为：丙酸为0.1 mol,正丁醇为0.14 mol,催化剂为1.4 g,环己烷为15 mL,反应时间为2 h,酯化率可达91%以上;而且磁性固体超强酸一种性能优良的催化剂.     

固体超强酸S2O2-8 /ZrO2-Al2O3催化合成丙酸苄酯的研究

用固体超强酸S2O8^2-/ZrO2-Al2O3催化苯甲醇与丙酸的酯化反应合成了丙酸苄酯，实验结果表明，S2O8^2-/ZrO2-Al2O3具有较高的催化活性，考察了苯甲醇与丙酸摩尔比、催化剂用量，反应温度，反应时间，带水剂环己烷用量对酯收率的影响，在典型反应条件下（苯甲醇与丙酸摩尔比＝1．2：1，1．0g催化剂/0.33mol丙酸、反应温度160℃，反应时间3．0h和10ml环己烷），丙酸苄酯的收率可以达到86．6％，该催化剂易于回收且可重复使用，具有良好的活性稳定性。     

固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-Al2O3的制备及催化酯化反应性能研究

制备了固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-Al2O3,并将其作为催化剂应用于乙酸正丙酯的合成．结果表明,SO4^2-／ZrO2-Al2O3对乙酸正丙酯的合成有较好的催化活性,酯化率可以达到98％以上．     

超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2催化合成棕榈酸乙酯

制备了超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2,采用XRD、SEM、IR对该催化剂进行表征.以超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2为催化剂,棕榈酸与乙醇为原料合成棕榈酸乙酯.探讨了不同催化剂类型、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对转化率的影响.结果表明,与普通固体酸相比,超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2对于棕榈酸乙酯的合成具有较好的催化性能.较适宜的反应条件为n(棕榈酸):n(乙醇)=4:1,催化剂用量0.8 g,反应3 h.在此条件下,棕榈酸的收率可达70.3%.     

超细固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2催化合成棕榈酸乙酯

制备了超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2,采用XRD、SEM、IR对该催化剂进行表征.以超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2为催化剂,棕榈酸与乙醇为原料合成棕榈酸乙酯.探讨了不同催化剂类型、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对转化率的影响.结果表明,与普通固体酸相比,超细固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2对于棕榈酸乙酯的合成具有较好的催化性能.较适宜的反应条件为n(棕榈酸):n(乙醇)=4:1,催化剂用量0.8 g,反应3 h.在此条件下,棕榈酸的收率可达70.3%.     

SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2固体超强酸的结构表征

根据IR分析 ,对SO2 -4 /ZrO2 固体超强酸的结构进行了表征 ,讨论了制备条件对催化剂结构的影响。实验结果表明 ,吸附吡啶的红外光谱表明该催化剂具有较高的Lewis酸位。通常pH值为 9 5,焙烧温度 50 0℃条件下制备的SO2 -4 /ZrO2 固体超强酸催化剂应用于辛基多苷的合成活性最高 ,可使葡萄糖的转化率高达 96%。     

纳米固体超强酸SO2-4/Fe2O3催化合成乙酸异戊酯

合成了纳米固体超强酸,考察了该催化剂在乙酸异戊酯合成的催化活性,并与非纳米的SO2-4/TiO2,SO2-4/ZrO2,SO2-4/Fe2O3,浓H2SO4催化剂进行了比较,同时对酯化反应的影响因素诸如催化剂的制备、用量及反应时间进行了研究.     

纳米固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)/Fe_2O_3催化合成乙酸异戊酯

合成了纳米固体超强酸 ,考察了该催化剂在乙酸异戊酯合成的催化活性 ,并与非纳米的SO2 - 4/TiO2 ,SO2 - 4/ZrO2 ,SO2 - 4/Fe2 O3,浓H2 SO4 催化剂进行了比较 ,同时对酯化反应的影响因素诸如催化剂的制备、用量及反应时间进行了研究。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.