重庆蕨类植物名录

名录列出了重庆产蕨类植物43科109属360种和19变种，其中科的顺序按秦仁昌系统排列，科内的属、种和种以下单位按植物学名的拉丁字母顺序排列。     

高黎贡山南段种子植物区系科属的两种不同排序方法及其意义

高黎贡山南段迄今计有种子植物192科,887属,2 807种。将其科属按所含种的绝对数目和区系存在度两种不同排序,以提供完整的高黎贡山南段种子植物区系的区系组成,反映本区系的独特特点和各科属在区系建成中的相对重要性。     

武夷山自然保护区维管束植物名录

<正> 本文是根据1945——1948年、1952——1956年、1961——1964年以及1979——1980年调查采集的资料整理而成的,共记载维管束植物191科,780属,1815种,39亚种及变种,其中蕨类植物39科,85属,269种及6变种;裸子植物7科,16属,19种;被子植物145科,679属,1527种及33亚种或变种。至于前人报道的武夷山植物,由于文献不全,一般不予列入。关于分类系统的编排,蕨类植物按秦仁昌系统,裸子植物按郑万钧系统,被子植物按恩格勒—狭罗斯系统。     

界首两湾国家湿地公园维管植物区系研究

根据野外调查及查阅资料,对安徽界首两湾国家湿地公园维管植物组成及区系成分进行研究.结果显示:该区系共有野生维管植物59科150属216种(维管植物61科162属230种).其中,蕨类植物4科4属4种,被子植物55科146属212种.单型或单种的科属较多,分别占总科数、总属数的52.5%和78.2%.豆科包含9属16种,菊科20属30种,禾本科21属28种,为该湿地公园的优势大科.本区系野生维管植物59科可划分为5个类型及2种变型,以世界广布型为主,除去世界广布科后,热带广布科占81.3%;所有野生维管植物按150属划分为12个分布区类型及8个变型,属的分布区类型中温带分布型所占比例最高,为42.7%.从科与属的角度来看,该区系具有温带与热带的双重特性,与湿地公园所在区域处于暖温带与北亚热带之间的过渡区相符合.     

夏夜话蚊

夏夜,清风徐徐,月光朗朗,是人们歇凉的好时光。可是,不时有蚊子打搅人们的休息,它们不仅吸人血,而且传播疾病。所以,人们最讨厌的恐怕就是蚊子了。蚊科中的蚊种,全世界已知约3,000种,在我国已知约有300种。蚊科分三个亚科:按蚊亚科、库蚊亚科、巨蚊亚科。按蚊亚科分三个属,其中按蚊属是按蚊亚科中最重要的一个属,有500     

黄石地区苔藓植物生态群落研究

研究表明:黄石地区共分布有苔藓植物21科34属34种,苔类6科6属6种,藓类15科28属28种;5个优势科按种类多少依次为:丛藓科Pottiaceae,青藓科Brachytheciaceae,羽藓科Thuidiaceae,真藓科Bryaceae,牛毛藓科Ditrichaceae;黄石地区苔藓植物分为固着型、根着型、浮生型3种生活型;并依据生境不同分为4种群落类型:水生群落、树生群落、土生群落、石生群落,其中以土生群落为主体,树生群落、石生群落次之,水生群落种类最少。     

长山列岛野生蔬菜资源研究

根据作者调查,长山列岛有野生蔬菜38科、94属、145种,其中有蕨类植物2科2属2种,被子植物36科92属143种。野生蔬菜按食用部位可分为根菜类、茎菜类、叶菜类、花菜类和果菜类五类,其中叶菜类占优势。性状分析表明,多年生草本和一、二年生草本占优势。区系成分研究表明,属于温带性质。并对其利用现状和进一步开发利用作了探讨。     

九寨沟自然保护区种子植物区系组成分析

九寨沟种子植物(按恩格勒系统)已鉴定的植物有88科299属744种,其中裸子植物4科10属27种,被子植物84科289属717种.从生长型来看,乔木81种,灌木141种,藤木37种,草本485种.属的系数41.7.区系分区属泛北极植物区,中国-喜马拉雅森林植物亚区,横断山脉地区.属分布区类型温带215属,占83.65%;热带分布27属,占10.51%.地中海成分8属,占3.12%;全世界分布42属.国家重点保护的珍稀濒危植物7种.植被组成中以冷杉、云杉、松等属的植物为优势种,阔叶树的优势种是杨柳科、桦木科、椴树科等.主要灌木有茶藨子、蔷薇、枸子、悬钧子、花揪、忍冬、杜鹃等植物.草本以菊科、禾本科、莎草科、毛茛科等植物为主.     

文献中小座壳属种类名录

依据文献资料，在寄主科下列出了世界的小座壳属种类42种。中国仅有1种。所有种类在寄主科下按字母顺序排列。     

中国蚊科分类研究新进展

蚊科(Culicidae)昆虫中很多种类是重要的媒介昆虫,蚊科分类研究已有200多年的发展历程。2000年以来,Harbach等人依据比较解剖学、支序分类和分子生物学技术对蚊科分类系统进行了重大修订,把蚊科类群从原来的34属修订为112属,建立了更加细分的蚊科分类系统。中国蚊虫研究近些年来也发展迅猛,蚊虫研究者对中国蚊虫属、种组及隐存种等做了大量订正,调整和新增记录,中国现已知蚊虫达46属418种。本文依据Harbach新分类系统对中国蚊科分类现状和分子分类学研究进展进行了总结,中国按蚊亚科(Anophelinae)现有1属62种,库蚊亚科(Culicinae)45属356种。由于形态分类学的局限以及在蚊科内广泛存在的隐存种,对传统蚊科分类提出了新的挑战,随着分子分类技术的发展,大量基于分子技术的研究揭示并改进了蚊虫的分类。目前仍有大量的蚊科分类和系统发育问题尚有待澄清。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to