OWL DL的知识表示与推理研究

语义Web的逻辑基础是描述逻辑,其出现的目的就是为了解决机器和人对知识理解的问题,因此,可以在语义Web的基础上展开推理。传统的推理系统结合语义Web可以克服知识表示方面的缺点,并且有利于知识的共享。探讨了OWL DL作为知识表示形式的优点;通过实例验证了OWL DL关于描述逻辑的推理。     

语义Web推理的研究与实现

语义Web的逻辑基础是描述逻辑,语义Web出现的目的就是为了解决机器和人对知识理解的问题,因此可以在语义Web的基础上展开推理。传统的推理系统结合语义Web可以克服知识表示方面的缺点,并且有利于知识的共享。首先在语义Web的知识体系之上建立起来一套推理系统,然后通过应用实现对该系统进行了验证。     

基于描述逻辑的语义Web本体研究

语义Web出现的目的就是为了解决机器和人对知识的理解的问题,首先需要解决的问题就是计算机对知识的理解问题,只有计算机理解了所建立的知识,才能在此基础上展开推理服务。首先讨论了传统知识表示方式的缺陷,然后对本体论的逻辑基础———描述逻辑进行了研究。由于OWLDL和描述逻辑的一致关系,因此使用OWLDL来表示本体。介绍了描述逻辑推理系统RACER。最后提出了解决本体层知识表示方法的解决方案。     

基于Topic Map的知识表示技术研究

以Topic Map主题地图作为语义Web信息描述模型,阐述了Topic Map在Web资源组织中的作用和地位,研究了TM结构化知识表示向形式化逻辑的映射机制,以及基于TM的知识推理的实现.     

由语义网络语言的知识表示到谓词逻辑的转换

语义网络作为表示知识的主要方法成为常识知识库组成的主要形式,从而引出知识库的维护及推理所要解决的问题。在研究中发现,将面向对象技术引入语义网络的研究,是目前的发展方向之一。特别地,对关系的继承属性的形式转换是本文所关注的。文章首先提出从语义网络到谓词逻辑这两种形式进行转换的基本操作,并给出由语义网络表示转换成谓词逻辑形式表示的算法。     

模 糊 择 优 逻 辑 的 数 值 扩 充

提出一种新的模糊逻辑数值模糊择优逻辑, 给出了数值模糊择优逻辑的语法和语义, 并研究了其性质. 该逻辑结合多值逻辑和择优推理的语义特点, 得到的推理关系具有模糊性、 次协调性和非单调性, 且知识的模糊性能以数值的形式显式地表现, 适用于对智能系统中的不精确、 不一致和不完备知识进行表示和推理.     

Ontology技术及应用

目的分析Ontology特点,探讨Ontology在自然语言理解中的应用。方法通过概念之间的关系来描述概念的语义。结果Ontology解决了自然语言理解中的消歧、推理问题和在语义Web中的应用。结论利用Ontology作为知识体进行自然语言理解,能够有效的把语言学知识和世界知识结合起来,运用世界知识对文本进行消歧和推理;Ontology与知识系统的知识库相融合,使得自然语言理解不仅仅是作为一种人机交互方式,而且能够与其它的基于知识的智能系统如专家系统整合。     

面向开放式信息抽取系统的知识推理验证

开放式信息抽取系统是从Web等非结构化文本中挖掘知识的主要途径,但其抽取结果往往存在大量噪声,对知识发现以及知识库构建产生较大影响。提出一种基于概率软逻辑模型的知识推理验证方法,该方法首先使用一阶逻辑语言对知识抽取结果进行转化和推理,并且在推理过程中引入本体规则进行约束,在此基础上,建立推理规则的自动学习机制,解除传统规则推理对于实体解析规则的依赖,进而实现对知识的自动推理和验证。经实验对比验证,该方法具有更优的算法性能,实现了规则的自动学习,提高了知识推理效率,对验证知识的语义规范性和正确性有积极作用。     

智能通信网推理机制的研究

为了在语义网的构架中实现元数据的交互.针对一种特定的语义网——智能通信网,研究其推理机制.分析OWL DL语言的描述能力,在其蕴含的知识基础上建立Prolog推理规则,通过Visual Prolog逻辑编程实现了智能通信网的自动推理,并用实例验证该推理系统可完成知识库中元数据的交互,达到人机交互协同工作的要求.最后通过实验检测说明智能通信网推理系统与普通万维网相比,查准率更高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.