斜发沸石对氨氮吸附性能的试验分析

通过静态试验、动态试验和再生试验研究了天然斜发沸石吸附氨氮的热力学性质、再生性能和影响因素.试验结果表明:斜发沸石对氨氮的静态饱和吸附量为3 100 mg/100 g,当氨氮浓度为35 mg/L时,动态饱和吸附量为2 200 mg/100 g,分别是粉末活性炭、颗粒活性炭、硅藻土的20倍、23倍、27.5倍,选择重量比为3:7的NaCl NaOH混合液作为斜发沸石的再生剂可进行3次重复再生使用,有效寿命可达140 h以上.斜发沸石处理含氨废水具有重要实用前景.     

天然沸石处理低浓度含氨废水的实验研究

以开发经济型低浓度含氨废水的深度处理技术为目标,选用对氨氮有较强的选择性和吸附性的天然斜发沸石作为吸附材料,通过静态试验及连续通水试验,系统地考察了进水氨氮浓度、pH、通水流量及沸石再生次数对氨氮吸附特性的影响.结果表明:天然斜发沸石对氨氮的吸附等温线满足Langmuir方程,即1/q=7.8/C 212.4.氨氮初浓度在100～300 mg/L范围内变化,吸附平衡时间约为6 h.在碱性条件下沸石对氨氮的吸附效果较好.采用HCl溶液可使饱和氨氮沸石再生.低氨氮浓度连续通水吸附操作时适宜的氨氮处理流速为0.4 m/h.     

斜发沸石去除氨氮及其再生的研究

为了有效去除污水中的氨氮,采用斜发沸石进行污水中氨氮的吸附去除研究,同时探讨了化学再生和生物再生的效果.结果表明,氨氮在沸石上吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式;生物化学再生后沸石,经过2个月稳定运行,采用Na^＋质量浓度2 000 mg/L,气水比为5∶1,温度为15-26.5℃时,氨氮的去除效率可超过80%.沸石可以作为一种有效的氨氮吸附材料并且可有效再生.     

天然沸石对氨氮的吸附特性研究

从天然沸石对氨氮的吸附动力学、吸附平衡、pH对吸附的影响及其作为垂直流人工湿地(Vertical flowconstructed wetland,VFCW)的填料处理生活污水的效果进行了研究.结果表明,该沸石对氨氮的吸附行为符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式,最大吸附量为8.10 mg/g;与颗粒内扩散模型相比,假二级反应模型能更好地描述沸石对氨氮的吸附全过程;沸石吸附氨氮的最佳pH为4.0~8.0.VFCW对氮的去除率(R,%)前3个月在90%以上,随后的7个月逐渐降低;当进水氨氮累计量与VFCW内沸石可吸附的最大氨氮量的比例(r)≤150%时,R与r呈线性关系.     

低温条件下3种填料吸附氨氮的研究

通过对低温下(5~15℃)火山岩、陶粒、沸石吸附水中氨氮的静态、动力学和热力学试验,分析探究低温条件下曝气生物滤池填料对水中氨氮的吸附能力。结果表明:火山岩、陶粒、沸石均在50 min内达到动态吸附平衡;在5、15℃时,沸石对20 mg/L氨氮吸附的平衡吸附量分别为0.120 8、0.138 4 mg/g,陶粒为0.117 6、0.125 9 mg/g,火山岩为0.059 3、0.074 2 mg/g;从15℃降低到5℃,火山岩、陶粒、沸石的平衡吸附量分别下降20.08%、6.60%、12.72%;通过等温模型拟合发现,在5~15℃温度条件下3种填料对氨氮均以单层吸附为主,吸附作用明显,且吸附反应为吸热反应。     

活化沸石吸附水中氨氮影响因素及动力学研究

采用碱溶液浸泡及高温加热的方法对天然沸石进行活化,通过批实验考察了活化前后沸石对氨氮的吸附性能及影响因素,并进行了吸附动力学分析及脱附研究。结果表明:沸石粒径越小,对氨氮的吸附能力越强;较小粒径沸石(1.5 mm)经低浓度石灰水浸泡、150℃加热活化后,氨氮单位吸附量提高了11.2%和13.2%,但对较大粒径(3 mm)沸石的活化效果不明显;弱酸性条件最有利于沸石对氨氮的吸附。沸石对氨氮的平衡吸附量随着氨氮平衡浓度的增大而增大,Freundlich方程比Langmuir方程更适用于描述氨氮在沸石上的吸附行为;相比假一级动力学模型,假二级动力学模型能够更好地拟合沸石对氨氮的吸附动力学实验数据。在10 mmol/L Ca(OH)2中,氨氮的解吸率是在相同浓度Na Cl溶液中的3.5倍,即利用碱溶液作为沸石的洗脱剂,可大大提高其再生利用率。     

斜发沸石深度处理氨氮废水及其再生

分别用粉末状沸石和颗粒状沸石在静态和动态条件下吸附处理废水中的氨氮,进行沸石吸附氨氮的吸附等温线、吸附动力学、动态吸附及再生实验。结果表明:Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程均能描述沸石对氨氮的吸附行为,但Langmuir方程的拟合相关性优于Freundlich方程;用假二级方程能很好地拟合沸石吸附氨氮的吸附动力学实验数据;在其他实验条件相同的条件下,粒径为0.8~1 mm的沸石去除氨氮效果明显优于粒径为3~5 mm和1~2 mm的沸石,同一粒径的沸石在废水流速为4 m/h时吸附效果最好;当沸石质量为35 g时,以0.9 mol/L NaCl做再生液,再生时间5 h,再生液用量为0.7 L的条件下,沸石经5次再生后仍具有较好的吸附效果。     

天然沸石吸附氨氮

采用江苏镇江天然沸石为实验原料,在不同影响因素条件下,对含有氨氮的水样进行交换吸附研究.实验结果表明:天然沸石对氨氮的吸附是快速吸附、缓慢平衡的过程;天然沸石粒径减小,有利于沸石对氨氮的交换吸附;pH对天然沸石吸附氨氮的影响较大,pH为7时有利于氨氮的交换吸附;随着沸石用量的增加,单位质量天然沸石的氨氮交换量减小.最佳工艺条件为:沸石粒径>60～80目,pH7左右,沸石投加量50 g/L,反应30 min.     

有机改性沸石覆盖抑制底泥氮磷释放的效果

制备了十六烷基三甲基铵(HDTMA)有机改性沸石,研究了该改性沸石覆盖底泥对底泥中氮磷释放的影响及机理,结果表明:①当HDTMA负载量为沸石外部阳离子交换容量(ECEC)的207%时,有机改性沸石吸附磷酸盐的效果最佳;最佳负载量条件下的有机改性沸石,对磷酸盐的吸附能较好地符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,饱和吸附量为0.644 mg.g-1,常数K为0.295 L.mg-1;pH值对有机改性沸石吸附磷酸盐的性能有显著影响,随着pH值的增加对磷酸盐的吸附能力逐渐增强;共存阴离子(NO3-,HCO3-和SO42-)的存在会抑制有机改性沸石对磷酸盐的吸附.②最佳HDTMA负载量条件下有机改性沸石对氨氮的吸附作用符合Langmuir等温吸附方程,饱和吸附量为13.0 mg.g-1,常数K为0.011 9 L.mg-1,且与天然沸石相比单位质量改性沸石的吸附量降低了20%左右.③有机改性沸石覆盖可以有效地抑制底泥氨氮的释放,但有效抑制底泥氨氮释放的持续时间与天然沸石相比缩短了1/5;有机改性沸石覆盖抑制底泥磷释放的效率与天然沸石相比大大加强,且投加的有机改性沸石越多,对底泥磷释放的抑制效果越好.     

颗粒赤泥吸附水中氨氮的实验研究

采用煅烧造粒方法制备了颗粒状赤泥吸附材料,用静态吸附法研究了颗粒赤泥对废水中氨氮的吸附性能,考察溶液初始p H值、氨氮浓度、反应时间等因素对吸附效果的影响,并分析赤泥颗粒对氨氮的吸附动力学特征。实验结果表明,碱性条件下赤泥颗粒对氨氮具有较好的吸附性能,当p H值为9时效果最佳,在180 min内可达到吸附平衡,并且随着温度的升高,赤泥颗粒对氨氮的平衡吸附量也有所提高。根据实验数据拟合吸附过程符合伪一级动力学模型和颗粒内扩散模型,温度为27℃和37℃时,赤泥颗粒的平衡吸附量分别为0.825 mg/g和0.866 mg/g,主要以物理吸附为主。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with