不同成型条件下级配碎石力学特性研究

不同成型条件下级配碎石力学特性研究何兆益黄卫邓学钧（东南大学交通学院，南京２１００１８）近年来，国内在一些重大工程的实体试验路上，也成功地使用了级配碎石基层，并初步证实了其防止半刚性基层反射裂缝的作用，然而要进一步成功地使用碎石基层，尚应从材料级配...     

公路路面级配碎石基层设计与试验段施工技术探讨

针对我国高速公路半刚性基层路面引发的反射裂缝、冲刷、唧浆等病害,论文通过应用级配碎石基层以减缓或消除这些病害。级配碎石由于是松散粒料结构,不传递拉应力、拉应变。当其作为上基层材料时,处于三向受压的状态。这些结构上的特点以及特殊的受力状态使得级配碎石层能充分吸收其下层裂缝释放的应变能,从而达到抑制裂缝的效果。本文主要结合公路路面设计文献资料,对级配碎石基层配合比设计的理论做了阐述,然后针对施工技术做了探讨。     

振动成型方式对水泥稳定级配碎石路用性能的影响

一、水泥稳定级配碎石作为路面基层存在的问题分析 1.室内试验确定水泥稳定级配碎石的最大干密度、最佳含水量是用重型击实试验方法,测定混合料无侧限抗压强度的试件成型方式采用静压法或锤击法.     

骨架密实性水泥稳定碎石基层静压法与振动法性能对比研究

就水泥稳定碎石基层配合比通过静压法和振动法两种成型方法,对同一级配骨架密实性水泥稳定碎石混合料试件进行对比分析,并进行工程实际验证,分析结果表明振动法更能很好的模拟实际施工现场,采用振动法求得的参数指导现场施工可提高路面的整体稳定性,减少表面反射裂缝,延长道路使用寿命,减少后期道路养护成本。     

垂直振动成型水泥稳定碎石疲劳特性及应用

为深入研究水泥稳定碎石疲劳特性,对比了垂直振动法和静压法成型的试件与路面芯样的相关性,采用更符合水泥稳定碎石实际力学性能的垂直振动法成型圆柱体试件,研究其劈裂疲劳特性,分析材料组成对疲劳特性的影响,应用Weibull分布建立水泥稳定碎石疲劳方程,构建抗拉强度结构系数,并与规范推荐系数进行了对比。研究结果表明:水泥剂量较低时骨架密实级配水泥稳定碎石疲劳性能优于悬浮密实级配,水泥剂量增大,级配对疲劳性能的影响变小;水泥剂量对疲劳性能的影响较显著,一定范围内水泥剂量越高抗疲劳性能越好;水泥稳定碎石在50%失效概率下疲劳方程回归系数a的取值范围为1.103 5~1.134 5,b的取值范围为0.041 3~0.045 4;构建的抗拉强度结构系数能够较好地指导路面设计。     

级配碎石基层非线性对沥青路面结构受力的影响

目的基于级配碎石基层材料的非线性特征,研究级配碎石上基层沥青路面结构力学响应规律,进而为该种路面结构设计提供理论依据.方法通过ABAQUS有限元软件的二次开发,运用Fortran语言对级配碎石非线性本构模型进行编译,建立级配碎石上基层沥青路面结构的有限元模型.结果随级配碎石层和面层厚度的增加,级配碎石非线性沥青路面结构各结构层所受层底拉应力较级配碎石线弹性沥青路面结构都有所增加,路表弯沉变化不大.推荐在中等级交通下的面层厚度为7~15 cm,级配碎石层厚度为10~15 cm.结论应用该种路面结构时,考虑到级配碎石层非线性对该路面结构受力产生的不利影响,必须确定合理的级配碎石层和面层厚度.     

低温地区沥青结合料参数对沥青路面开裂的影响研究

为了研究河北低温地区沥青结合料参数对沥青路面裂缝病害的影响,以河北低温地区5条高等级公路共计80条路段为依托,采用不同PG分级的90#基质沥青和SBS改性沥青,通过现场调研、DSR动态剪切流变试验以及数理统计方法,分析沥青结合料的材料类型,应用类型以及流变参数与裂缝病害之间的关系.研究结果表明:在河北低温地区,级配碎石基层路面工程的抗横向裂缝性能较好,薄层罩面养护工程的抗纵向裂缝性能较好.对于新建半刚性基层路面和薄层罩面养护工程宜选用PG58-34基质沥青,对于新建级配碎石基层路面工程宜选用PG58-34 SBS改性沥青;相位角为64°左右的SBS改性沥青材料和相位角为81°左右的90#基质沥青材料适用于河北低温地区,不推荐该区域采用PG64-28 SK90#基质沥青;各结合料参数对河北低温地区沥青路面横向裂缝病害的影响权重排列为:材料类型>相位角>应用类型>复数剪切模量,对纵向裂缝病害的影响权重排列为:材料类型>应用类型>相位角>复数剪切模量.     

贫沥青碎石新型材料组成设计及性能研究

为了深入研究贫沥青碎石这种新型材料作为中间层结构时,其材料组成对缓解半刚性基层反射裂缝的效果,运用多级嵌挤理论,采用逐级填充设计方法,对贫沥青碎石粗、细集料进行设计.研究7种矿料级配组成及其各自最佳沥青用量,通过对贫沥青碎石的强度、CBR(加州承载比)、高温性、水稳性等性能进行研究比选,给出了推荐的级配范围;在选定的级配范围和最佳沥青用量内进行贫沥青碎石粉胶比设计,并铺筑试验路进行路用性能验证.研究结果表明,当粗、细集料比例在3∶1~17∶3,最佳沥青用量为2.52%~2.75%,粉胶比为0.78~1.22时,该新型材料具有很好的延缓路面反射裂缝的功能,其组成配比及设计方法对防治半刚性基层反射裂缝具有重要意义.     

级配碎石基层沥青混凝土路面动稳定度试验研究

为了研究级配碎石基层沥青混凝土路面高温稳定性,选取了3种级配碎石基层、3种ES-3型稀浆封层厚度和透层油喷洒量,按3因素3水平进行正交设计9种组合,成型车辙试件,进行车辙试验,试验结果表明,级配碎石基层对动稳定度影响最显著,稀浆封层厚度影响其次,透层油喷洒量几乎无影响。为级配碎石基层沥青混凝土推广应用提供借鉴。     

Cape路面荷载型反射裂缝的细观数值分析

用细观数值方法分析Cape路面抗反射裂缝性能的主要影响因素;利用有限元方法进行数值分析,材料参数根据试验数据利用最优化方法拟合得出.数值分析表明,Cape路面的沥青碎石采用较低的沥青含量时,其抗反射裂缝性能较好,而采用较低的空隙率时则有不利影响,但这种不利的影响程度并不大;基层裂缝附近的Cape路面与旧路面可脱开时,反射裂缝不易萌发与扩展,但脱开长度不宜过大;摊铺厚度较大时其抗反射裂缝性能较高,但综合考虑摊铺厚度不宜超过5~6 cm;较好的基层处理质量能减缓反射裂缝的扩展;采用半开级配的沥青碎石能够消散应力,减缓反射裂缝的萌发与扩展.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-