非理想信道状态信息下调制方式切换阈值最优化算法

针对自适应资源调度OFDM系统,在非理想信道状态信息下(ICSI)最大化系统频谱效率问题,提出了平均BER约束下调制方式切换阈值最优化(MSTO)算法.利用拉格朗日乘数法将此J-1维的调制方式切换阈值最优化问题转化为一维优化问题,并证明了问题最优解必在平均BER约束条件的边界(目标平均BER)上取得,从而得到该问题的最优解.仿真结果表明,MSTO算法能在满足用户目标平均BER条件下自适应用户ICSI准确度参数的变化,最大化系统频谱效率.该算法性能优于改进的Ma's算法和AM-PCSI算法,其复杂度符合实际自适应OFDM系统实时性设计要求,可方便地应用到实际系统中.     

OFDM系统下基于MBER准则的自适应波束形成器

宽带无线通信系统采用正交频分复用(OFDM)调制和智能天线技术来克服限制系统容量的符号间干扰(ISI)和同信道干扰(CCI).在OFDM调制技术下,针对数字通信系统传输中最主要的性能参数之一误比特率(BER),研究了基于最小误比特率(MBER)准则的自适应波束形成器.与现有的基于最小均方误差(MMSE)准则的波束形成器相比,MBER自适应波束形成器直接最小化OFDM系统的BER,保证了信号传输的有效性,提高了系统性能.仿真实验表明,基于MBER准则的自适应波束形成器比基于MMSE准则的波束形成器能更好地接收期望用户的信号,系统的BER更低.     

一种新的OFDM系统自适应调制算法

提出了一种新的用于正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的自适应调制算法,它在保持恒吞吐量的前提下对OFDM系统进行自适应比特分配和自适应功率分配．与使用固定调制方法的OFDM系统相比,使用该算法系统的误码率性能和吞吐量有了很大的提高．该算法计算量较小,是一种实用的自适应调制算法．模拟结果表明引入子载波分组后系统性能依然保持良好,并且信道估计偏差对本算法的影响较小.     

简单空时编码发射机分集自适应OFDM系统

将自适应调制技术和空间分集技术有机地结合起来 ,提出了一种与简单空时编码发射机分集相结合的恒定比特率自适应正交频分复用 (OFDM)方案。该算法根据两径发射机的平均信噪比在各子载波上自适应地选择不同的调制模式 ,并保持恒定比特率。仿真结果表明 :在多径瑞利衰落信道下 ,该方案可以显著地改善 OFDM的性能。在无信道编码和误比特率为 10 - 5条件下 ,对于平均带宽效率为1bit/ (s.Hz)的双天线发射分集接收的自适应 OFDM系统与传统 OFDM系统相比可以获得约 35 d B的自适应分集增益。     

采用数据扩展技术的OFDM自适应调制算法

在传统的OFDM系统中,实现自适应调制需要传输大量的有关子载波调制参数信息,致使传输效率下降.文中分析了采用数据扩展技术的自适应调制OFDM系统的特征,发现最优算法就是在原始数据符号之间平均分配比特和功率,在此基础上提出了以用户需求为目标的最小化总功率的自适应调制算法.此算法的原始数据符号最多采用两种调制阶数,并且可以在原始数据符号之间按顺序分配,这样不仅降低了算法复杂度,而且大大减少了有关调制参数信息的传输.仿真结果表明该算法具有良好的性能,在复杂度相近的前提下,该算法比采用自适应功率控制的传统OFDM系统节省功率(用子载波的平均信噪比表示)约2 dB.     

基于导频信道估计的自适应Turbo编码调制性能

研究了基于维纳滤波的导频符号辅助信道估计方法在自适应Turbo编码调制(TuCM)中的应用,以能反映信道估计质量的估计误差的方差为评价标准，分析与仿真了在实际应用中，信道估计误差对自适应TuCM的性能影响。     

一种实用自适应Turbo编码调制的优化设计

提出一种用于慢衰落信道上的实用自适应Turbo编码调制方案．该自适应方案在所有衰落域中使用相同的、由码率可变Turbo编码器和速率、功率可变多阶正交幅度(MQAM)调制器组成的Turbo编码调制器，具有较低的实现复杂度．给出了满足各种系统约束条件下的优化设计，并通过系统仿真验证其性能．结果表明，同时自适应调整Turbo编码调制器的速率和传输功率可以达到距Shannon容量限仅2．5dB的优异性能。     

移动衰落信道中的自适应OFDM调制

在宽带移动OFDM(正交频分复用)系统中,不同的子信道经受不同的信道衰落,具有不同的传输能力。若采用固定速率调制方案,信道容量和发送功率未能获得充分应用。自适应调制技术能充分利用信道容量和信号功率,满足不同传输速率和服务质量的要求。研究了一种适用于宽带移动OFDM系统的自适应算法。在平均发送功率不变条件下,算法根据子信道的衰落特性,自适应地分配子信道中数据比特,选择不同的信号星座和发送功率,使得系统的功率和频谱效率达到最佳。首先推导了在平均发送功率受限条件下,瑞利衰落信道中最大频谱效率;其次,分析了在给定误比特率(BER)条件下,采用连续功率、连续星座MQAM(多进制正交幅度调制信号)调制的最大功率频谱效率,在此基础上提出适用于实际系统的离散功率、离散星座MQAM调制算法;最后进一步优化系统的功率密度谱。计算机模拟表明:该算法能明显地提高移动OFDM系统的频谱效率。     

基于Polar码的BICM系统在AWGN信道中的性能

为了研究Polar码在编码调制(CM)系统中的性能,提出了一种基于Polar码的比特交织编码调制(BICM)系统.分析了高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道中不同调制方式对系统误比特率(BER)性能的影响,并将所提系统的BER性能与基于低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码的BICM系统性能进行了对比.仿真结果表明,在QPSK调制下,基于Polar码的BICM系统与基于Polar码的无编码调制系统的BER曲线几乎完全重合;而在16QAM调制下,当码长较大时,基于Polar码的BICM系统较基于Polar码的无编码调制系统最大节省0.8 d B的比特信噪比.当信道编码码长为1 024、码率为0.5时,在中高比特信噪比区域上,基于Polar码的BICM系统可比基于LDPC码的BICM系统获得至少2 d B的比特信噪比增益.     

基于SLM和Turbo编码降低DDO-OFDM系统PAPR的研究

针对光正交频分复用(OOFDM)系统易于出现高峰值平均功率比(PAPR)的问题,采用选择性映射(SLM)结合Turbo编码的方法来降低OOFDM系统的PAPR.将两者结合使用不仅能有效的抑制PAPR,更提高了直接检测光正交频分复用(DDO-OFDM)系统的误码率(BER)性能.研究结果表明,互补积累分布函数(CCDF)为10~(-3)时,SLM结合码率为1/2的Turbo编码算法与SLM算法相比,PAPR可降低1 dB左右,在BER为10~(-2)背靠背传输时,可获得9 dB的编码增益.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.