超级13Cr马氏体不锈钢在CO_2 及H_2 S/CO_2 环境中的腐蚀行为

在模拟油田腐蚀环境中,通过高温、高压、CO2和H2S/CO2腐蚀实验及电化学测试,研究超级13Cr马氏体不锈钢的腐蚀行为.结果表明:在CO2腐蚀环境中,随着温度的升高,超级13Cr的均匀腐蚀速率呈稍微上升的趋势,点蚀轻微;在H2S、CO2共存条件下,超级13Cr的均匀腐蚀速率变化不大,点蚀严重,当Cl-的质量浓度为160g.L-1时,其最大点蚀深度可达28μm.超级13Cr的点蚀电位明显高于普通13Cr的点蚀电位,温度升高、Cl-的质量浓度增大和H2S气体的存在降低了超级13Cr的点蚀电位,而CO2对超级13Cr的点蚀电位影响不大;在N2、CO2环境中,超级13Cr的回复电位都在钝化区间,且回复电位较高,具有良好的再钝化能力.H2S气体的存在同样使超级13Cr的回复电位和点蚀电位显著降低.     

注Cr对质子交换膜燃料电池不锈钢双极板腐蚀行为的影响

应用金属蒸气真空弧(MEVVA)离子注入技术,在316L不锈钢表面注Cr改性,对改性层化学成分和微观结构进行表征分析,运用电化学测试技术考察其在模拟质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)环境中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:不锈钢表面形成富Cr改性层,Cr离子浓度沿纵向呈梯度分布且无界面,改性层厚度随加速电压升高而增大;Cr离子浓度随离子注量的增加而增大;不锈钢表面粗糙度降低、致密度增大,有利于腐蚀电流的降低;不锈钢在阴阳两极模拟加速腐蚀环境下均更易钝化,腐蚀倾向大幅度降低,可有效提高耐腐蚀性。     

温度对13Cr不锈钢在高 CO2 分压环境中腐蚀行为的影响

通过高温高压电化学测试,获得不同实验温度下13Cr不锈钢的循环伏安曲线、交流阻抗谱和Mott-Schottky曲线,结合ZSIMPWIN软件和扫描电子显微镜分析,研究高温高CO2 分压环境下,温度对13Cr不锈钢腐蚀电化学行为的影响. 在高温高CO2 分压环境下,随温度升高,13Cr不锈钢发生腐蚀的倾向增加,表面钝化膜稳定性下降,点蚀敏感度增加.     

304不锈钢在模拟压水堆一回路水中高温电化学腐蚀行为

通过模拟压水堆一回路水环境,研究了氯离子浓度和溶解氧对304不锈钢高温电化学腐蚀行为的影响.动电位极化曲线结果表明,氯离子浓度主要影响高电位下的二次钝化效应,低电位下影响效果不明显,结合X射线光电子能谱对氧化膜元素成分的分析发现二次钝化效应与氧化膜中Fe/Cr元素含量比密切相关.电化学阻抗谱和扫描电镜结果表明,随着氯离子浓度增加,氧化膜阻抗逐渐降低,表面外层氧化物颗粒和间隙逐渐增大,耐腐蚀性能降低.随着溶解氧含量的升高,304自腐蚀电位逐渐升高,钝化电流密度降低,钝化区间缩小,表面氧化膜阻抗逐渐增加.     

焦化氨水介质中0Cr17Ni12Mo2不锈钢电化学腐蚀行为研究

采用全浸动态挂片和极化曲线实验法研究0Cr17Ni12Mo2不锈钢在模拟现场工况条件下的腐蚀行为。结果表明,0Cr17Ni12Mo2试样的腐蚀速率随温度的升高不断加快;增大硫离子和氯离子浓度可使0Cr17Ni12Mo2试样腐蚀速率加快;氰根离子浓度不高于临界值时,试样腐蚀速率减缓,反之,腐蚀速率加快。     

喹啉季铵盐和KI浓度对超级13Cr不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响

在110℃、CO_2饱和、含0.2%,醋酸的CaCl_2完井液中,超级13Cr不锈钢发生了均匀腐蚀、点蚀和应力腐蚀开裂行为。添加喹啉季铵盐和KI能有效抑制超级13Cr不锈钢的均匀腐蚀和点蚀。高浓度的喹啉季铵盐和KI使得超级13Cr不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂得到有效控制。低浓度的KI使得超级13Cr不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性减小,随着浓度的升高,应力腐蚀开裂敏感性逐渐减低。而低浓度的喹啉季铵盐却促进了氢渗透过程而加剧了超级13Cr不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂行为。     

地热水管道不锈钢管材腐蚀与结垢试验

在模拟流动地热水环境装置中,分析了不锈钢管材在50℃条件下的表面腐蚀与结垢行为,探讨了不锈钢表面腐蚀与沉积结垢对地热水中离子浓度、自腐蚀电位和质量的影响.研究表明,不锈钢管表面有呈针状堆积的结垢物(主要为CaCO3),而且发生了点腐蚀,腐蚀坑密度随流动地热水作用时间的延长而增加.由于不锈钢表面的点腐蚀、沉积结垢物及流动模拟地热水的冲刷导致的结垢层脱落等过程的影响,模拟地热水溶液中的Ca2+,Mg2+浓度明显下降,至600 h后基本稳定;不锈钢材料的自腐蚀电位在试验前350 h上升,而后稳定在约0.044 V;其质量由于流动模拟地热水的作用表现出不断增加的趋势.     

不锈钢复合钢材及其焊接接头耐腐蚀性能试验研究

为研究不锈钢复合钢材及其焊接接头在海洋大气环境中的耐腐蚀性能,分析复合钢板复层、基层、焊缝以及复合界面的腐蚀速率、腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物,对4组共97个试件进行了盐溶液周浸试验,模拟大气腐蚀环境中浸润、潮湿、干燥的表面状态,并通过高温、高湿、高氯离子浓度特征模拟热带海洋环境中加速腐蚀的效果.试验采用腐蚀失重法评测试件的腐蚀...     

交流阻抗技术对不锈钢缝隙初探腐蚀过程的研究

本文通过自行设计的阻抗测量装置,首先将交流阻抗时域测量技术应用于不锈钢缝隙腐蚀过程的研究,从而实现了对缝隙腐蚀过程的瞬时测量。实验得到了1Cr13不锈钢在缝隙腐蚀过程中不同极化时间的阻抗图。获得了缝隙腐蚀过程中有关氯离子在电极表面发生吸附、破坏等随时间的变化细节,并与缝内微区溶液成分的微电极现场监测数据相吻合。据此我们提出了不锈钢发生缝隙腐蚀的溶解方程式为:     

多相高速流动环境中13Cr不锈钢冲刷腐蚀特性

以油井管13Cr不锈钢为研究对象,基于分离变量法控制实验参数,利用高速气固射流实验装置,测量冲刷速率;在2%NaCl射流液体中,测量材料表面电化学腐蚀速率;在2%NaCl液固两相流中,测量冲刷腐蚀速率。分别对3种实验中的试样进行表征,根据结果对材料冲刷与腐蚀间的相互作用进行讨论。结果表明随着溶液流速的增加,13Cr不锈钢的腐蚀速率增大,材料表面出现点蚀坑;颗粒冲刷速度的增大显著加速材料的损失,使材料表面出现片状划痕;在液固两相流动溶液中,冲刷速率远大于电化学腐蚀速率,并且两者相互促进,材料表面同时出现点蚀坑和片状划痕。     

奥氏体不锈钢再钝化膜的耐腐蚀性能研究

奥氏体不锈钢自发钝化膜非常薄,在一些特定的阴离子环境中容易发生腐蚀而破坏,而且不锈钢仅有金属光泽,颜色过于单调.采用再钝化实验工艺使金属表层生成一层化学转化膜,不仅能提高不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能,还能利用对光的干涉作用使金属表面呈现不同的色彩.本文利用酸性化学着色,把经过再钝化的试样和未经过再钝化的试样浸入FeCl3溶液中进行腐蚀试验,全面腐蚀和点蚀结果均表明,经过再钝化的试样的耐腐蚀性能明显高于未经过再钝化的试样.该工艺具有较好的实用价值.     

Comparative study on the corrosion behavior of X52, 3Cr,and 13Cr steel in an O2–H2O–CO2 system: products,reaction kinetics,and pitting sensitivity

The corrosionbehaviors of X52, 3Cr low-alloy steel, and 13Cr stainless steel were investigated inanO2–H2O–CO2 environment at varioustemperaturesand O2–CO2partial-pressure ratios. The results showed thatthe corrosion rates of X52, 3Cr, and 13Cr steels in-creased with increasing temperature. The corrosion ratesslowly increased at temperaturesless than100℃ and increased sharply when the temperature exceeded100℃. In the absence of O2, X52, 3Cr, and 13Cr exhibited uniform corrosion morphology and FeCO3 was the main corrosion product. When O2 was introduced into the system, various forms of Fe2O3 appeared on the surface of the samples. The Cr content strongly influenced the corrosion resistance. The 3Cr steel with a low Cr content was more sensitive to pitting than the X52 or 13Cr steel. Thus, pitting occurred on the surface of 3Cr when 1.25 MPa of O2 was added; this phenomenon is related to the non-uniform distribution of Cr in 3Cr.     

正压水煤气余热锅炉防磨瓦腐蚀失效分析

1Cr20Ni14Si2不锈钢防磨瓦在水煤气余热锅炉中运行被腐蚀甚至断裂,对正压水煤气立式余热锅炉过热器不锈钢防磨瓦断裂失效进行研究。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子能谱分析仪(EDS)设备对锅炉1Cr20Ni14Si2不锈钢失效防磨瓦的表面腐蚀褐色粉末、不锈钢表面和人为断面成分进行测试。XRD测试结果表明表面褐色粉末存在多种金属氧化物和硫化物;EDS实验检测结果表明：不锈钢表面含大量S和O。这说明1Cr20Ni14Si2不锈钢在焦化炉中易被S腐蚀而失去不锈钢特性。EDS结果分析发现不锈钢Ni含量明显低于国标要求含量,降低了不锈钢韧性并降低其防腐蚀性能。烟气中S、C和O经腐蚀孔隙进入材料内部加速不锈钢内部腐蚀。研究结果对水煤气余热锅炉防磨瓦材料选型和防磨结构优化具有指导意义。     

Comparative study on the corrosion behavior of X52, 3Cr,and 13Cr steel in an O2-H2O-CO2 system:products,reaction kinetics,and pitting sensitivity

The corrosion behaviors of X52, 3Cr low-alloy steel, and 13Cr stainless steel were investigated in an O₂-H₂O-CO₂ environment at various temperatures and O₂-CO₂ partial-pressure ratios. The results showed that the corrosion rates of X52, 3Cr, and 13Cr steels increased with increasing temperature. The corrosion rates slowly increased at temperatures less than 100℃ and increased sharply when the temperature exceeded 100℃. In the absence of O₂, X52, 3Cr, and 13Cr exhibited uniform corrosion morphology and FeCO₃ was the main corrosion product. When O₂ was introduced into the system, various forms of Fe₂O₃ appeared on the surface of the samples. The Cr content strongly influenced the corrosion resistance. The 3Cr steel with a low Cr content was more sensitive to pitting than the X52 or 13Cr steel. Thus, pitting occurred on the surface of 3Cr when 1.25 MPa of O₂ was added; this phenomenon is related to the non-uniform distribution of Cr in 3Cr.     

Passivity breakdown of 13Cr stainless steel under high chloride and CO_2 environment

Herein, the effect of high chloride ion(Cl~-) concentration on the corrosion behavior and passive film breakdown of 13Cr martensitic stainless steel under CO_2 environment was demonstrated. The Cl~- concentration was varied from 30 to 150 g/L and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization was conducted to investigate the influence of the Cl~- concentration on the corrosion potential(E_(corr)), passive breakdown potential(E_(pit)), and repassivation potential(E_(rep)). The results of the polarization curves revealed that 13Cr stainless steel is susceptible to pitting under high Cl~- concentration. The passive breakdown potential and repassivation potential decreased with the increase of Cl-concentration. The semiconducting behavior of the passive film was investigated by Mott-Schottky analysis and the point defect model(PDM). It was observed that the iron cation vacancies and oxygen vacancies were continuously generated by autocatalytic reactions and the higher Cl~- concentration resulted in higher vacancies in the passive film. Once the excess vacancies condensed at the metal/film interface, the passive film became locally detached from the metal, which led to the breakdown of the passive film.     

合金元素对316 LN 不锈钢的力学性能和点蚀性能的影响

研究了N、Cr、Mo和Ni四种合金元素含量的变化对核电主管道用固溶态316LN不锈钢的晶粒尺寸以及常规力学性能和点蚀性能的影响.随着N含量的升高,316LN的晶粒明显细化,其在固溶处理过程中晶粒长大趋势也减小. N含量的升高可改善316LN的力学性能和耐点蚀性能,但是当N质量分数达到0.20%时,其耐点蚀性能又开始变差.晶粒细化对316LN强度的影响远小于N含量对316LN强度的影响. Cr及Ni含量对316LN的晶粒尺寸及抗拉强度、屈服强度等力学性能影响不大;Cr含量增加可轻微改善316LN的抗点蚀能力,Ni元素对316LN的耐点蚀性能影响不大,但可增大钝态的腐蚀速度从而不利于钝化膜的稳定.随Mo含量增加,316LN的晶粒尺寸略有减小,强度增大,延伸率显著降低,耐点蚀能力改善.     

Corrosion behavior of ferritic stainless steel with 15wt% chromium for the automobile exhaust system

The effect of chloride ion concentration, pH value, and grain size on the pitting corrosion resistance of a new ferritic stainless steel with 15wt% Cr was investigated using the anodic polarization method. The semiconducting properties of passive films with different chloride ion concentrations were performed using capacitance measurement and Mott-Schottky analysis methods. The aging precipitation and intergranular corrosion behavior were evaluated at 400–900℃. It is found that the pitting potential decreases when the grain size increases. With the increase in chloride ion concentration, the doping density and the flat-bland potential increase but the thickness of the space charge layer decreases. The pitting corrosion resistance increases rapidly with the decrease in pH value. Precipitants is identified as Nb(C,N) and NbC, rather than Cr-carbide. The intergranular corrosion is attributed to the synergistic effects of Nb(C,N) and NbC precipitates and Cr segregation adjacent to the precipitates.     

铁基金属玻璃涂层在无铅钎料中的耐腐蚀性及机理

选用Fe基非晶合金粉末(含有Cr、Mo、Ni、P、B、Si),采用等离子喷涂方法在Q235基体上制备了金属玻璃涂层.在自行设计的腐蚀实验装置中将Q235钢、1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢和覆有Fe基金属玻璃涂层的Q235钢浸入450,℃的高温液态无铅钎料Sn-3.5,Ag-0.5,Cu中进行腐蚀,利用扫描电子显微镜微观分析了腐蚀后的微观形貌及腐蚀产物.研究结果表明:相同实验条件下,Q235钢和1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面均腐蚀严重,断面微观组织分为钎料层、腐蚀层和基体层.其中Q235钢的腐蚀剧烈,腐蚀层成分为FeSn2;1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢腐蚀较严重,腐蚀层成分为(Fe,Cr)Sn2.Q235基体表面的Fe基金属玻璃涂层腐蚀前后断面微观形貌变化不大,没有出现明显的腐蚀分层,表现出了非常好的耐高温无铅钎料腐蚀的能力.