偏心搅拌槽内高浓度浆液颗粒的悬浮特性

以直径为0.34 m的无挡板平底圆筒形搅拌槽为研究对象,对偏心搅拌槽内高浓度浆液中颗粒的悬浮特性进行了数值研究,分析了45°的4斜叶开启涡轮式搅拌桨(PBT)和3窄叶整体板式螺旋桨(ZHX)2种桨型在不同偏心率和转速时,搅拌槽内的流型分布、颗粒体积分数分布、完全离底临界悬浮转速以及功率消耗,并与试验结果进行了对比.结果表明:对于高浓度浆液,偏心搅拌打破了中心搅拌时流场结构的对称性,提高了流体的轴向循环能力,颗粒悬浮效果优于中心搅拌;固体颗粒的悬浮效果与搅拌桨在槽内的偏心位置有关,当偏心率E=0.4时颗粒悬浮效果最佳,但偏心搅拌会增大颗粒的完全离底临界悬浮转速和设备的功率消耗,不利于节能降耗.     

偏心搅拌槽内固-液悬浮特性研究

为研究偏心搅拌时的固-液悬浮特性,采用PC-6D浓度测量仪研究了Rushton桨偏心搅拌槽内石英砂-水两相体系的悬浮过程,分析了偏心搅拌时的固-液悬浮特征,测量了不同偏心率时的固相浓度分布和功率消耗,并与中心搅拌进行了对比.结果发现:偏心搅拌时的临界悬浮转速和功率消耗均随偏心率的增大而增大,偏心率较小时的临界悬浮转速比中心搅拌时低,相同搅拌转速时偏心搅拌的功率消耗比中心搅拌时大;偏心搅拌时的固相浓度分布比中心搅拌均匀,偏心率为0.2时的悬浮效果最好,此时的临界悬浮转速约为中心搅拌时的80%,能节省功率消耗.     

高固含固液搅拌槽内颗粒悬浮与混合特性

对高固含体系下Intermig桨搅拌槽内的桨叶搅拌性能以及颗粒的混合与悬浮特性进行实验研究.采用光导纤维技术对不同桨径、搅拌转速和桨叶离底距离下搅拌槽内底部以及轴向颗粒密度进行测量,同时对临界悬浮转速和搅拌功率进行测定.实验结果表明:对高固含液-固搅拌体系,所采用的Intermig搅拌桨具有很好的轴向混合特性,该桨适合在较大的桨径和较低的桨叶离底距离下应用,可在促进颗粒悬浮与均匀分布的同时,大大降低功率消耗.通过对实验结果的分析和拟合得出底部均匀度与搅拌槽内弗劳德数有关,Q=0.58Fr-0.35,Intermig搅拌桨功率准数在0.2 ～0.3之间,且与雷诺数关系为NP=2.1Re-0.2.     

固-液搅拌槽内颗粒离底悬浮临界转速的CFD模拟

使用计算流体力学(CFD)软件FLUENT对固-液搅拌槽内颗粒离底悬浮临界转速进行了CFD数值模拟。搅拌槽直径T=500mm，四块挡板均布，搅拌桨为标准六直叶涡轮桨。两相物系为石英砂-水，固体体积分数为5%。文中使用不同的方法作为颗粒离底临界悬浮的判据，推算出颗粒离底临界悬浮转速N_js，计算得出的N_js值和文献数据比较有较好的一致性。同时研究了搅拌槽内的固体浓度分布和固、液两相的速度分布；比较了6个不同搅拌转速下的固体颗粒悬浮状况。     

固液搅拌槽内近壁区液相速度研究

在直径476mm的固液搅拌槽内,采用自行研制的双电导电极探头对搅拌槽内距壁0.4mm的近壁区液相速度进行了测定。平均固相体积分数φ_v从10%至54%。实验结果表明：固体颗粒离底悬浮最小液相速度与固液的物理性质有关,而与实验的操作条件无关;液相速度和搅拌转速在近壁上流区成正比关系,而在槽底区不成正比关系;临界均匀悬浮时,近壁上流区液相速度不随固相体积分数变化;悬浮高度处液相速度和操作条件无关等。     

气—液—固相体系颗粒完全离底悬浮的临界搅拌转速

在机械搅拌槽中，使用翼形轴流浆、涡轮浆、６叶４５°斜叶桨，对低粘度物系气－液－固三相体系的颗粒完全离底悬浮的临界搅拌转速ＮＪＳＧ作了实验研究，阐明了不同搅拌浆结构下，悬浮液浓度及通气量对ＮＪＳＧ影响的规律，实验得出在相同的悬浮液浓度及通气量下，Ｋ４的ＮＪＳＧ最低。     

气液两相机械搅拌釜中水翼-涡轮组合桨的功率消耗

研究了气液两相机械搅拌反应釜中水翼组合桨的组合方式，通气位置、搅拌方式及桨间距对通气功率下降的影响，给出了通气功率消耗关联式。当采用以水翼k5桨为下层桨、较高的通气位置及较大的桨间距为搅拌釜的几何结构时，其通气功率的下降较小。水翼桨的排出流方向、通气管出口位置及桨间距对气体循环及全釜气液流动产生协同作用，且这种协同作用会因搅拌转速的不同而对桨间距有不同的要求。     

固液混合过程的数值模拟及实验研究

基于计算流体动力学(CFD)方法,对搅拌槽中的固液混合过程进行数值模拟,研究不同转速下固液相的分布规律,并得到固体颗粒完全离底悬浮的临界转速。结果表明,对于平直叶涡轮式搅拌器,当安装高度为100 mm时,随着涡轮式搅拌器转速的逐渐增大,槽底的中心沉积区逐渐减小,固体颗粒在300 r/min的转速下达到完全离底悬浮;对于斜叶涡轮式搅拌器,固体颗粒在250 r/min的转速下达到完全离底悬浮。通过与实验结果比较,可以认为CFD方法能够较好地还原搅拌过程。此外,通过改变搅拌器叶片的角度以及搅拌器的安装位置,明确了斜叶涡轮式搅拌器更适合固液混合体系,并且在安装高度为直径的0.5～0.8倍时,能够在较低的临界转速下,使固体颗粒达到完全离底悬浮,明显降低搅拌功耗,具有良好的经济效益。     

气－液－固三相体系颗粒完全离底悬浮的临界搅拌转速

在机械搅拌槽中，使用翼形轴流桨（Ｋ４）、涡轮桨（ＤＴ）、６叶４５°斜叶桨（６ＰＴＤ、６ＰＴＵ）（排出流向下、向上），对低粘度物系气－液－固三相体系的颗粒完全离底悬浮的临界搅拌转速Ｎ_（ＪＳＧ）作了实验研究，阐明了不同搅拌桨结构下，悬浮液浓度及通气量对Ｎ_（ＪＳＧ）的影响规律。实验得出在相同的悬浮液浓度及通气量下，Ｋ４的Ｎ_（ＪＳＧ）最低。     

搅拌式反应器内固-液两相悬浮特性的CFD模拟

制备血液净化材料蛋白A免疫吸附柱过程中,搅拌式生物反应器的优化设计与放大技术是工业开发的重要环节.该文采用标准κ蛳ε湍流模型、多重参考系法,模拟搅拌式反应器内琼脂糖凝胶溶液加入固体催化剂后,形成的固蛳液两相体系的混合和悬浮特性.分别对DT、PBTD45、PBTU45搅拌桨的固相悬浮性能进行了研究,预测了完全离底悬浮的临界转速,并与Zwietering公式进行了比较.通过数值模拟,为反应器的优化设计提供了参考依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-