鄂尔多斯高原沙地啮齿动物群落资源利用研究Ⅰ--空间资源维利用研究

根据1995年在鄂尔多斯高原库布其沙地不同生境类型上鼠类构成、植被以及土壤因子的调查结果,以对应分析排序(COA)技术分析了沙地啮齿动物群落结构与环境因子的关系,以Levins生态位宽度指数和Petraitis种群生态位重叠指数对常见啮齿动物种群空间生态位进行定量描述.结果表明:相应于该地区最典型的沙地、草甸低湿地与农田三种植被类型,相应的鼠类组成依次有三种典型构成,即固定、半固定及流动沙地基本上是以三趾跳鼠、小毛足鼠与子午沙鼠为主,草甸低湿地以五趾跳鼠、黄鼠与黑线仓鼠为主,农田及其他人工植被乃至植被条件较好的固定沙地上,以黑线仓鼠为主;三种植被类型上三类鼠的空间生态位存在较大分离.其次,三趾跳鼠、小毛足鼠与子午沙鼠是该地鼠类组成中所占比例最大的三种鼠,也是沙地生境的代表鼠种,它们较适宜的栖息生境均在沙地上,它们之间的空间资源生态位重叠程度较大.     

鄂尔多斯高原沙地啮齿动物群落资源利用研究Ⅲ——时间资源维利用模式

以 1 991～ 1 996年在在中国农科院草原研究所鄂尔多斯高原沙地草场改良试验站 6年4 2个月的调查材料为基础 ,运用 PCA分析技术、移动平均等方法 ,对该地三趾跳鼠、小毛足鼠、子午沙鼠及黑线仓鼠、黄鼠及五趾跳鼠等 6个啮齿动物种群的季节性、年季动态和趋势进行了描述分析 .结果表明 :第一 ,6个种群数量动态基本都呈单峰型 ,除 6月份外 ,每个月都有种群数量达到最大值 ;6种鼠的季节性也有很大差异 ,三趾跳鼠季节性最强 ,其次依次为五趾跳鼠、小毛足鼠、子午沙鼠与黑线仓鼠 ,黄鼠的季节性最弱 .第二 ,三趾跳鼠与五趾跳鼠都表现为年间变动比较平稳 ,子午沙鼠与小毛足鼠都表现为抛物线型的年间变动 ,黑线仓鼠与黄鼠都表现为具有明显上升趋势的年间变 ;6个种群年间变动差异小于季节变动差异 .第三 ,6个种群数量动态均存在明显趋势 ,三趾跳鼠、子午沙鼠、黄鼠与黑线仓鼠都是呈上升趋势 ,小毛足鼠呈下降趋势 ,三趾跳鼠与小毛足鼠趋势相反 .最后 ,分析了该地啮齿动物种群时间资源利用模式 .     

鄂尔多斯高原沙地啮齿动物群落资源利用研究Ⅱ食物资源维利用研究

根据库布其沙地三趾跳鼠、小毛足鼠、子午沙鼠与黑线仓鼠四种主要鼠种的饲喂试验结果 ,以及小毛足鼠、黑线仓鼠颊囊食物统计结果 ,并结合历年来解剖鼠胃的经验 ,在深入分析这些物种的食性基础上 ,着重分析了它们食物资源维的利用方式 .结果表明 :三趾跳鼠主要以植物营养体为食 ,小毛足鼠与黑线仓鼠以种子为食 ,子午沙鼠的食性则介于植物营养体与种子之间 ,野外条件下四种鼠食性则趋于更加特化的方向 ;食物资源生态维存在一定程度的分离 ,野外条件下分化的方向更趋于分离 ,造成鼠类食物资源维生态位分化的原因主要是外界物理环境的作用 ,竞争的作用则更加剧了这种分离 .最后 ,初步估算了沙地啮齿动物群落采食效率为 0 .4 5 %～ 0 .83% ,并以此为依据 ,探讨了该地啮齿动物的危害问题     

鄂尔多斯沙地啮齿动物生产量研究

1997年对内蒙古鄂尔多斯沙地中的 3种优势啮齿动物 (小毛足鼠 Phodopusroborovskii、三趾跳鼠 Dipus sagitta和子午沙鼠 Meriones meridianus)及常见种 (黑线仓鼠Cricetulus barabensis)的种群生产量进行了研究 .这 4种鼠种群生产量均表现出明显的季节变化 ,其季节动态特点是由其季节性繁殖特性及各季节的种群数量所决定 .小毛足鼠、子午沙鼠和黑线仓鼠的繁殖生产量约占其种群生产量的一半 ( 44～ 4 7% ) ;而三趾跳鼠的繁殖生产量占其种群生产量的 1 4 % ,这与该鼠的低繁殖率有关     

几种啮齿动物食性比较研究

采用笼养饲喂法,野外个体颊囊内含物统计法和胃内含物分析法３种方法,于１９９７年对内蒙古鄂尔多斯沙地中的４种主要啮齿动物（小毛足鼠Ｐｈｏｄｏｐｕｓ ｒｏｂｏｒｏｖｓｋｉｉ、三跳跳鼠Ｄｉｐｕｓ ｓａｇｉｔｔａ、子午沙鼠Ｍｅｒｉｏｎｅｓ ｍｅｒｉｄｉａｎｕｓ和黑线仓鼠Ｃｒｉｃｅｔｕｌｕｓ ｂａｒａｂｅｎｓｉｓ）的食性进行了研究。３种方法得出的结果基本一致,从胃内含物和颊囊内含物分析结果看,小毛足鼠和黑线     

探察小毛足鼠的隐秘生活

从２００１年夏季开始，我们在位于内蒙古锡林郭勒盟白音锡勒牧场的中国科学院草原定位研究站进行一项研究工作。草原定位站已经建立了２５个年头，许多科研院所对该地区草原生态系统的方方面面进行了研究，并取得了许多科研成果。定位站周围主要有草原和沙地两种生境类型，分布的鸟类主要有灰椋鸟、喜鹊、斑翅山鹑、岩鸽和一些猛禽，哺乳动物主要有黄羊、狼、沙狐、赤狐、艾虎、小毛足鼠、三趾跳鼠和黑线仓鼠。此次我们来定位站的目的，是研究生活在沙地中的小毛足鼠的生物学习性。小毛足鼠（Phodopusroborovskii）为内蒙古沙地生境中主要…     

啮齿动物胎仔数和纬度关系的研究

作者根据53年92篇文献中关于啮齿动物胎仔数研究资料，利用秩相关对我国10个啮齿动物物种(大仓鼠Cricetulus triton，黑线仓鼠Cricetulus barabensis，东方田鼠Microtus fortis黑线姬鼠Apodemus agrarius，褐家鼠Rattus norvegicus，黄毛鼠Rattus losea，黄胸鼠Rattus flavipectus，小家鼠Mus musculus，子午沙鼠Meriones meridianus和高原鼢鼠Myospalax baileyi胎仔数和纬度的相关关系进行了研究．在10个啮齿动物物种中，小家鼠(居民区)、黑线仓鼠和黄胸鼠的胎仔数与纬度呈正相关，其它物种的胎仔数和纬度不相关．胎仔数具有种的特异性，它的大小受一系列因素(如种群年龄结构、种群密度、母体体重、婚配制度、生境、年份、食物等)的影响，现有资料尚不支持啮齿动物胎仔数随纬度上升而增加的一般性结论．     

几种啮齿动物食物利用研究

１９９７年在内蒙古鄂尔多斯沙地用平衡法对小毛足鼠（Ｐｈｏｄｏｐｕｓｒｏｂｏｒｏｖｓｋｉｉ）、三趾跳鼠（Ｄｉｐｕｓｓａｇｉｔｔａ）、子午沙鼠（Ｍｅｒｉｏｎｅｓｍｅｒｉｄｉａｎｕｓ）和黑线仓鼠（Ｃｒｉｃｅｔｕｌｕｓｂａｒａｂｅｎｓｉｓ）的能量摄入,消化和同化水平进行了研究。结果表明：１）这４种鼠单位体重的能量摄入、消化率和同化率均表现为夏季低、春秋两季高,而且单位体重的能量摄入与体重呈极显的相关性;     

陕西黄河滩地农田鼠类调查

报道了1988年6—11月、1991年3—5月对陕西东部黄河滩地农田害鼠的种类、数量及分布调查的结果。计有鼠类9种,隶属3科。其中子午沙鼠、小家鼠、大仓鼠和黑线姬鼠为本地区的优势种。     

准噶尔盆地荒漠灌木林区利用天敌防控鼠害方法探讨

大沙鼠、子午沙鼠、三趾跳鼠是准噶尔盆地荒漠灌木梭梭林的主要危害生物,且种群数量和密度呈上升趋势。设立人工招引鹰、隼、鸮等天敌设施,为天敌提供觅食、栖息、繁衍的有效平台,既能够在一定范围内调控鼠群密度,又可起到增加荒漠区生物多样性和生态、经济、持续、有效防控鼠害的作用,进而达到保护荒漠植被、稳定荒漠生态、治理荒漠系统的目的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.