高铬铸铁型自保护药芯焊丝堆焊组织与性能分析

研制了一种自保护高铬铸铁型药芯焊丝,对其堆焊金属组织与性能进行了分析,结果表明:堆焊金属表面硬度达到HRC60以上,堆焊金属显微组织主要为马氏体+残余奥氏体+M1C3,型碳化物;初生碳化物主要沿堆焊层向母材方向生长,其表面硬度为HVl783,侧面为HVll27:共晶碳化物围绕在初生碳化物周围生长,其显微硬度为HV830:在相同磨损条件下磨损1h后,堆焊金属相对耐磨性为Q235钢的14倍左右,在药芯中加入适量的稀土氧化物能提高堆焊金属的耐磨性.     

Cr3C2颗粒增强型堆焊合金组织与性能分析

对加入Cr3C2的药芯焊丝制备的Cr3C2增强型堆焊合金组织和性能进行了分析。添加Cr3C2的自保护药芯焊丝堆焊工艺性能良好,堆焊表面少飞溅,无裂纹气孔。通过对比实验研究发现,加入Cr3C2的药芯焊丝制备的Cr3C2增强型堆焊合金组织细小,高温冲击韧性明显优于WC颗粒增强型药芯焊丝,合金组织中既有颗粒增强型药芯焊丝堆焊产生的颗粒增强相,又有高铬铸铁型药芯焊丝堆焊产生的高硬度初生碳化物,双重强化机制使堆焊层显微硬度达到含Nb高铬铸铁堆焊层的水平,平均硬度60 HRC以上。     

新型碳氮合金化自保护硬面药芯焊丝

研制了一种碳氮合金化自保护硬面药芯焊丝,探讨了碳氮合金化硬面药芯焊丝堆焊层金属中的碳氮化物质点作用,对碳氮合金化堆焊层金属及450～650℃不同热处理温度下的硬度、金属显微组织和微区化学成分以及耐磨损性能进行了分析.结果表明:碳氮合金化自保护硬面药芯焊丝堆焊层金属中的第二相质点为Cr,Ti,V和Nb的碳氮化合物的复合物,这些化合物对堆焊层硬面金属起到析出强化的作用;弥散均匀分布的细小碳氮化物质点可使碳氮合金化硬面金属具有良好的耐磨粒磨损性能.     

喷粉方式对CO_2气体保护焊堆焊层组织及其耐磨性的影响

采用CO2气体保护焊,利用枪内与枪外送粉方式喷射优化设计的Cr-Ti-Mn-B系粉体进行堆焊.对焊层进行洛氏硬度及显微硬度测试,利用磨损试验机研究堆焊层的耐磨损性能,通过金相显微镜分析和XRD分析堆焊层组织结构及相组成.结果表明:枪内送粉与枪外送粉方式对比,枪内送粉获得的堆焊层焊缝成形美观,合金利用率高,使熔入焊缝中合金粉末更加均匀,获得的堆焊层的金相组织更加均匀.堆焊层硬度为HRC 65,焊缝表层和中部显微硬度分别达到730和811.磨损失重率小于0.2%,其耐磨性有明显的提高.     

预热与焊后回火对铸钢基体双金属梯度堆焊锻模堆焊层组织与性能的影响

为解决大型锻模的高成本、低寿命等问题,提出铸钢基体表面堆焊制备大型液压机用锻模新方法,针对其中的焊前预热与焊后回火工艺,将有限元分析与试验分析相结合,研究预热温度与焊后回火对堆焊层组织与力学性能的影响机理。研究结果表明:常温堆焊时,堆焊熔合区组织为马氏体+碳化物+残留奥氏体;随着预热温度的升高,冷却时间不断延长,组织呈现马氏体→贝氏体→珠光体转变趋势,显微硬度逐渐降低;当预热温度为400℃时,熔合区组织为铁素体+珠光体;焊后550℃/2 h回火后,堆焊层及热影响区硬度下降,基体中析出大量碳化物,堆焊层冲击韧性显著提高,断裂方式以韧窝断裂为主,母材性能在回火后无明显变化,说明预热与焊后热处理使堆焊层获得了较好的综合力学性能。     

Fe-C-Cr-Mn堆焊层的抗冲蚀磨损性能

采用H08A焊芯碱性药皮改变药皮配方中高碳铬铁、钼铁及钒铁的加入量．可以获得不同成分的奥氏体基体 碳化物堆焊层。通过金相分析、硬度测定和冲蚀磨损试验．表明堆焊层主要为奥氏体或奥氏体 马氏体组织，堆焊层硬度较低．具有良好的抗大角度冲蚀磨损性能。当堆焊层中析出少量的碳化物时，可以提高抗小角度冲蚀磨损性能．但是．抗大角度冲蚀磨损性能稍有下降。     

基于TiC-VC耐磨粒磨损堆焊的显微组织与性能

采用H08A焊芯及石墨、钛铁、钒铁、人造金红石等药皮组分研制了新型耐磨粒磨损堆焊焊条，研究了堆焊层的显微组织与性能．结果表明，通过高温电弧冶金反应生成的碳化物比较均匀地弥散分布于基体组织中，大部分分布于基体组织的晶界上，呈不规则块状、角状或条状．碳化物是TiC、VC的密集集合体．基体组织是典型的低碳马氏体形貌，低碳马氏体基体组织配合弥散分布的碳化物是获得良好抗裂性和高耐磨性堆焊金属的微观基础．堆焊金属主要相构成为α-Fe γ-Fe VC TiC Fe3C．药皮中钛铁、钒铁、石墨加入量增加，堆焊层硬度提高，工艺性能和抗裂性能恶化．堆焊层硬度可达到HRC60以上，相对耐磨性是D667焊条的5倍．     

稀土在WC颗粒复合耐磨材料中的作用

为了提高ＷＣ硬质合金颗粒复合材料的耐磨性,向复合材料的金属基体中加入了不同数量的稀土。采用扫描电镜、Ｘ射线能谱仪、显微硬度计、台式冲击试验机以及销盘式磨损试验机等试验手段,对稀土加入量不同的几种ＷＣ硬质合金颗粒复合材料的金属基体进行了稀土分布及显微组织的分析,测定了基体组织的显微硬度及复合材料的韧性和耐磨性。研究结果表明,稀土富集于奥氏体与碳化物和奥氏体与共晶体两种界面处,少量固溶于奥氏体中。加入适量的稀土产生了明显的微合金化作用,使共晶组织显著细化,提高了金属基体的硬度和韧性以及复合材料的耐磨性。     

影响碳化物硬质颗粒堆焊材料耐磨性的冶金因素

对含有不同碳化物硬质颗粒的几种堆焊材料进行了宏观硬度及显微硬度测定，分析了堆焊材料的显微组织和相结构，并在不同的磨损条件下测定了堆焊材料的耐磨性。研究结果表明，堆焊材料中碳化物硬质颗粒类型、数量、尺寸以及基体金属的成分、显微组织和性能等各方面均会明显影响堆焊材料的耐磨性。     

合金元素对SHS伴生金属涂层基本性能的影响

 为探究合金元素对伴生金属涂层基本性能的影响,选用Ф78 mm×8 mm×550 mm的无缝钢管,在管内壁距离管端200~350 mm处提前开设150 mm×10 mm×4 mm的长形槽,采用自蔓延高温合成技术制备添加不同含量合金元素的伴生金属涂层。通过维氏硬度测量、电子显微扫描、酸液浸泡腐蚀试验,分别探究不同合金元素对伴生金属涂层孔隙、裂纹、硬度以及耐蚀性能的影响。结果显示,添加 Nb、Cr 元素后伴生金属层硬度提高,孔隙与裂纹明显减少,金相组织趋于均匀化。伴生金属层的耐蚀性能与Cr、Nb元素添加量成正比,ZrO₂的添加量影响不大。耐蚀性最好的伴生金属涂层腐蚀仅失重0.271 g,失重率为2.71%,失重率仅为纯铁层的21.22%。结果表明,Nb、Cr元素的加入能有效改善伴生金属涂层的基本性能,而Zr元素对涂层性能影响较小。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of F<Subscript>GBA</Subscript>/B<Subscript>G</Subscript> air cooling bainitic steels containing niobium

The effect of different Nb additions on the mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite (F_GBA) / granular bainite (B_G) air cooling bainitic steels was investigated. The results indicate that the tensile strength and yield strength increase by 157 and 97 MPa, respectively with the addition of 0.02wt% Nb. The steel acquires superior strength and toughness with the addition of 0.06wt% Nb. The results of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the addition of Nb not only refines the size of granular bainite but also increases the volume fraction of granular bainite in F_GBA/B_G steels. The refinement effect of granular bainite is improved with the increase of Nb content.     

Effects of Nb on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 38MnB5 steel

The effects of the microalloying element niobium (Nb) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the hot stamped steel 38MnB5 were investigated. The impact of Nb addition on the microstructure was studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results indicated that the microstructures of the steel containing Nb were finer than those of the steel without Nb. Moreover, Nb mainly presented as a second-phase particle in 38MnB5 steel, and the particles included Nb carbonitrides. In addition, the tensile strength and elongation of the hot rolled and hot stamped steels were also measured, and they demonstrated that the appropriate addition of Nb was beneficial to the mechanical properties of 38MnB5. Under the same conditions, the tensile strength of 38MnB5Nb was higher than that of 38MnB5, which increased from 2011 to 2179 MPa. The yield strength also increased from 1316 to 1476 MPa, and the elongation increased from 5.92% to 6.64%. Overall, Nb had a positive effect on the performance of the hot stamped steel.     

自保护药芯焊丝熔敷金属中O、N的控制及其对显微组织和韧性的影响

采用氧氮分析仪、光学显微镜、电子显微镜及电子能谱仪研究了自保护药芯焊丝熔敷金属中O、N含量对夹杂物类型、显微组织及低温冲击韧性的影响规律.结果表明,对于BaF_2-Al-Mg渣系自保护药芯焊丝,药芯中不低于4%的LiF,可有效改善电弧稳定性;同时在电弧区生成Li_3N,降低熔覆金属中的N含量.通过向药芯中加入10%的Fe_2O_3和5%的MnO_2,可将熔敷金属中Al质量分数降低至0.84%,而氧质量分数提高到85×10~(-6),得到以Al_2O_3为主的圆形夹杂,增加晶内异质形核核心,焊缝组织得到细化.通过对O、N含量的有效控制可显著提高熔敷金属的低温韧性.     

低碳微合金化含硼冷镦钢的冲击性能

通过对不同B含量的低碳硼钢和Nb、V微合金化低碳硼钢的冲击实验,研究了B含量及Nb、V微合金化对低碳硼钢冲击性能的影响. 结果表明:0.0006%～0.0015%的B将提高热处理状态钢的冲击韧性,B质量分数超过0.003%将降低钢的冲击韧性. Nb、V复合微合金化同时加入适量Al可显著提高热处理状态低碳硼钢的冲击韧性. Ti质量分数超过0.03%对低碳硼钢和微合金硼钢的冲击性能不利.     

脉冲电沉积Cu-Co合金镀层及其性能

采用铂片做阳极,在不锈钢基体上采用脉冲电沉积法制备Cu-Co合金镀层,通过与直流镀层相比较,对脉冲镀层的耐蚀性、耐高温性、硬度以及组织结构进行研究.结果表明:脉冲镀层的耐蚀性、耐高温性明显优于直流镀层,硬度也较直流镀层高.SEM和XRD分析结果显示,脉冲镀层较直流镀层表面更平整,组织更致密,晶粒尺寸也更小.此外,研究占...     

Reliability evaluation of hardness test methods of hardfacing coatings with hypoeutectic and hypereutectic microstructures

Hardfacing coatings involve hard carbide/boride phases dispersed in a relatively soft steel matrix. For the hardness measurements of hardfacing coatings, depending on the microstructure, both the hardness test method and the applied load affect the hardness results; therefore, they affect the wear performance predictions of the coating. For this reason, the proper hardness test method should be determined according to the microstructure of the coating, and the reliability of the obtained hardness data should be established. This study aimed to determine the most suitable hardness test method for hypoeutectic and hypereutectic microstructures of hardfacing coatings by analyzing the reliability of Rockwell-C and Vickers hardness test results. Reliability analyses showed that Rockwell-C is not a suitable hardness test method for hypereutectic hardfacing coatings. Based on the relationship between wear resistance and hardness, Vickers hardness method was found more suitable for the considered materials.     

焊接热循环参数对大线能量焊接用钢EH40热影响区组织和性能的影响

利用热模拟技术及光学显微镜、透射电镜研究了焊接热循环参数对大线能量焊接用船板钢热影响区组织和性能的影响.发现模拟焊接热影响区组织主要由粒状贝氏体、铁素体和珠光体组成,且随着峰值温度和冷却时间的变化,热影响区的组织发生较大的变化;热影响区的冲击韧性总体水平较高,均在200 J以上,冲击韧性并不随着峰值温度和冷却时间的增加而单调变化;热影响区M-A岛的数量、尺寸、分布和形态影响热影响区的韧性.     

Fabrication of plain carbon steel/high chromium white cast iron bimetal by a liquid-solid composite casting process

High-chromium white cast iron (HCWCI) is one of the most widely used engineering materials in the mining and cement indus-tries. However, in some components, such as the pulverizer plates of ash mills, the poor machinability of HCWCI creates difficulties. The bimetal casting technique is a suitable method for improving the machinability of HCWCI by joining an easily machined layer of plain car-bon steel (PCS) to its hard part. In this study, the possibility of PCS/HCWCI bimetal casting was investigated using sand casting. The inves-tigation was conducted by optical and electron microscopy and non-destructive, impact toughness, and tensile tests. The hardness and chemical composition profiles on both sides of the interface were plotted in this study. The results indicated that a conventional and low-cost casting technique could be a reliable method for producing PCS/HCWCI bimetal. The interfacial microstructure comprised two distinct lay-ers:a very fine, partially spheroidized pearlite layer and a coarse full pearlite layer. Moreover, characterization of the microstructure revealed that the interface was free of defects.     

玻璃微珠、橡胶粉末填充聚丙烯复合材料吸能特性

采用单轴压缩试验分别对空心玻璃微珠( HGB)和丁腈橡胶粉末( PNBR)填充的聚丙烯( PP)复合材料进行压缩性能和吸能特性研究,通过测定基于摆锤冲击试验的冲击韧性对材料的吸能能力进行验证,并采用扫描电子显微镜观察材料的微观形貌. 结果表明:空心玻璃微珠增加聚丙烯的刚度并降低延展性,粉末丁腈橡胶减小聚丙烯的刚度并提高延展性;吸收相同能量时,粉末丁腈橡胶/聚丙烯体系产生的应力响应最小;根据吸能效率,空心玻璃微珠/聚丙烯体系的设计应力应高于粉末丁腈橡胶/聚丙烯体系;理想吸能效率的最大值出现在相对平缓的屈服阶段;冲击试验结果证明空心玻璃微珠和粉末丁腈橡胶都能改善聚丙烯的吸能特性.     

Fabrication of plain carbon steel/high chromium white cast iron bimetal by a liquid–solid composite casting process

High-chromium white cast iron(HCWCI) is one of the most widely used engineering materials in the mining and cement industries. However, in some components, such as the pulverizer plates of ash mills, the poor machinability of HCWCI creates difficulties. The bimetal casting technique is a suitable method for improving the machinability of HCWCI by joining an easily machined layer of plain carbon steel(PCS) to its hard part. In this study, the possibility of PCS/HCWCI bimetal casting was investigated using sand casting. The investigation was conducted by optical and electron microscopy and non-destructive, impact toughness, and tensile tests. The hardness and chemical composition profiles on both sides of the interface were plotted in this study. The results indicated that a conventional and low-cost casting technique could be a reliable method for producing PCS/HCWCI bimetal. The interfacial microstructure comprised two distinct layers: a very fine, partially spheroidized pearlite layer and a coarse full pearlite layer. Moreover, characterization of the microstructure revealed that the interface was free of defects.