贵州瓮安陡山沱组碳同位素特征及古海洋意义

通过对贵州瓮安含磷岩系剖面进行碳同位素分析,对震旦纪陡山沱期的成磷事件、生物事件及古海洋环境的变化进行了研究。瓮安大塘剖面陡山沱组碳酸盐岩碳同位素值表现为正偏移的趋势,与其他地区同期碳同位素变化趋势相似。这与大冰期后生物生产率的提高有关,其中的负偏移与环境的波动相关,环境的快速变化刺激了生物的进化。穿岩洞剖面上磷矿段的黑色碳质磷块岩获得的较低的有机碳同位素值与浮游生物吸收12 C有关,体现了生物有机质聚磷作用。该时期的碳酸盐岩碳同位素值的正偏移、磷矿的沉积与生物事件之间有一定的关联性,大洋深部的缺氧事件使底水富磷质;随着古海洋流通性的提高,富磷海水随上升洋流运移到浅海沉积成矿,并为生物圈供应营养物质,进而引发生物竞争及推动进化。     

华南晚二叠世至早三叠世初灰岩碳同位素地层旋回

在华南晚二叠世灰岩高分辨率碳同位素地层中,可明显识别出２个三级旋回和叠加其上的几个四级旋回．其中长兴阶包括３个碳同位素四级旋回,和吴家坪阶上部的一个四级旋回一起组成了完整的三级旋回．早三叠世初灰岩的δ１３Ｃ值缓慢向正值方向移动,构成一个完整的四级旋回．华南长兴阶层型剖面灰岩的碳同位素四级旋回与“亚层序”相当,地层厚度为１１ｍ～１８ｍ,沉积时间约为１．２～１．７百万年．华南Ｐ／Ｔ界线地层上,生物集群绝灭导致的δ１３Ｃ突变为高负值事件与界线附近的δ１３Ｃ低值区相叠加,形成了δ１３Ｃ的强烈负异常,其中生物集群绝灭成因可能占２／３以上,变负的幅度达０．５‰以上．据高分辨率地层框架估算,碳同位素强烈负异常事件的持续时间约１．５～２．６万年．     

泥盆纪弗拉阶-法门阶事件的化学-生物地层学研究

对广西南洞剖面的研究表明,弗拉阶-法门阶(F-F)生物事件(也称为Kellwasser生物事件)是阶梯式灭绝事件,生物种类锐减发生于linguiformis带最晚期,持续时间约为0.1Ma。在F-F界线有3个Ni-Ir异常层, 该异常层同时也富含亲铜元素,并伴有碳同位素负异常以及微玻陨石。紧随着覆盖有海啸岩。F-F事件实际上是生物-地球化学-沉积综合事件。像这样的综合事件,在中、晚泥盆世共发生了5次。发生的频率为4.6×10^-6a^-1。讨论了F-F大灭绝事件的可能原因。     

贵州习水地区奥陶系露头层序地层研究

根据野外露头剖面资料,结合碳氧同位素分析,探讨了贵州习水地区奥陶系层序地层界面识别、层序划分及其碳氧同位素响应。研究区奥陶系可划分出6个三级层序,包括两个I型层序界面,两个II型层序界面及两个III型层序界面。三级层序内海侵体系域和高水位体系域内δ13C分别呈增加和减小的趋势。碳氧同位素响应能有效反映准层序叠置形成四级层序。米级旋回发育两种模式:L–M型米级旋回、潮下型米级旋回。     

铁瓦殿剖面奥陶系碳氧同位素地层学研究

对铁瓦殿剖面奥陶系碳酸盐岩进行了系统的碳氧同位素样品采集和分析，建立了一条较完整的奥陶系碳氧同位素剖面，研究结果表明，碳氧同位素在对奥陶系划分与对比中，特别是对大区域的年代地层学对比，是一种有用的工具。     

新疆准噶尔与华南湘中法门期碳同位素特征的对比研究

针对新疆准噶尔盆地西北缘洪古勒楞组下段是否存在弗拉-法门阶界线的问题,对比研究布龙果尔剖面该段地层以及湖南中部锡矿山剖面上泥盆统法门阶中下部碳酸盐岩的碳同位素特征,并结合已有的生物地层学证据,重新讨论洪古勒楞组下段的时代。结果表明,布龙果尔剖面洪古勒楞组下段碳同位素的变化趋势与国内外诸多典型剖面弗拉-法门期之交的δ~(13)C偏移明显不同:未见到显著正偏移;布龙果尔剖面δ~(13)C在0~1‰范围内变化,小于国际上目前已知的弗拉-法门期之交δ~(13)C正偏移的幅度(2‰~3‰)。布龙果尔剖面洪古勒楞组下段可能不存在弗拉期地层,甚至可能缺失法门阶底部(牙形石Pa.triangularis带)。法门早中期,布龙果尔剖面碳同位素曲线可与湖南锡矿山剖面同时期地层进行较好的对比,分为3个阶段:2个完整的正偏—负偏旋回以及之上的小幅正偏。主量元素特征表明,布龙果尔剖面第3-1层的下半部受陆源物质影响较大,推测可能与区域构造活动变强烈有关。     

西藏定日贡扎上白垩统的年代地层划分及评述

分别采用不同的地层学方法对西藏贡扎地区的两条相邻上白垩统剖面进行了年代地层划分.根据将建立在贡扎Ⅰ上白垩统剖面上的锶同位素演化曲线与W. H .Burke等的同时代锶同位素演化曲线对比,剖面上岗巴村口组顶界年龄值约为81.4 Ma;根据在贡扎Ⅱ剖面上划分出的12个浮游有孔虫化石带确定的岗巴村口组顶界年龄值约为67.0 Ma.作者认为岗巴村口组顶界年龄值存在明显差别是受诸多因素影响,在对地层进行年代地层研究中,要不断提高各种地层学方法的分辨率,并尽可能采用综合的地层学方法.     

川东地区下-中三叠统的锶同位素曲线及年代地层划分

从川东邻水和渠县采集的73个下-中三叠统锶同位素样品获得了对应于地层累计厚度的锶同位素演化曲线。与C.Korte等利用特提斯和中欧地区219个锶同位素数据及古生物学研究所得出的对应于地质年龄值的上二叠统-三叠系锶同位素曲线对比,将川东下-中三叠统剖面进行了年代地层的划分对比。根据剖面中获得的牙形石化石,讨论了对四川地区三叠系底界的确定,认为应尽可能采用综合的地层学方法对沉积地层进行年代地层划分对比。     

锶同位素地层学在海相地层定年中的潜在价值

锶同位素地层学在海相地层的对比和定年中具有十分重要的作用。随着锶同位素地层学的深入研究，人们清楚地认识到海水的锶同位素组成是全球变化的灵敏指示剂。显生宙以来全球海水的^87Sr／^86Sr比值是时间的函数，可以把锶同位素组成用于海相地层的定年和进行全球对比，估计沉积间断持续时间、生物带的时间范围和发展阶段，从而为重要地球化学周期的预测提供基础参数。当锶同位素地层学用于定年时，其地质年龄的精确度取决于几个因素，包括样品原始锶同位素组成的保存情况、分析精度、用于建立数据库样品年龄的可信度以及^87Sr／^86Sr比值—年龄曲线的最佳拟合方法等。     

龙门山泥盆纪锶同位素演化曲线的全球对比及海相地层的定年

在将龙门山泥盆纪海相碳酸盐锶同位素演化曲线全球对比的基础上,用锶同位素地层学原理确定了剖面中Frasnian/Famennian阶和泥盆/石炭系的界线.研究表明,龙门山泥盆纪锶同位素演化曲线有良好的全球可对比性,显示锶同位素地层学在全球远距离对比以及作为海相地层定年工具中的潜在意义.     

百色地区下三叠统-泥盆系烃源岩有机地球化学特征及生烃潜力分析

百色盆地海相烃源岩主要为孤立台地和台间海槽碳酸盐岩.根据百色盆地周缘大量露头样品的残余有机碳含量、干酪根碳同位素、饱和烃色谱及色质等地球化学实验数据,分析了下三叠统-泥盆系海相烃源岩的有机质丰度、类型、热演化程度.针对地表烃源岩样品具有高热演化、低丰度的地化特征,在有机质丰度的热解损失和地表风化损失校正基础上,采用蒙特卡罗法模拟计算烃源岩生烃强度.在综合分析烃源岩地化特征和生烃强度的基础上,认为百色盆地下三叠统-泥盆系海相烃源岩具有低-中等级别的生烃能力.     

Carbon isotope excursions across the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Meishan section, Zhejiang Province, China

Both gradual and sharp decrease in organic and carbonate carbon isotope values were detected across the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Meishan section, Changxing, Zhejiang Province, China. The gradual decrease in organic carbon isotope values started at the bottom of Bed 23, coinciding with the strong oscillations of total organic carbon (TOC) contents, indicates increasing fluxes from carbonate to organic carbon reservoir during this interval. A 2.3‰ sharp drop of inorganic carbon isotope values occurred at the uppermost part of Bed 24e. A 3.7‰ sharp drop of organic carbon isotope values occurred in Bed 26. The dramatic drop of inorganic carbon isotope value of 8‰ reported previously is not confirmed from the unweathered carbonate samples in Bed 27. The large-scale fluctuation of organic carbon isotope values in the Yinkeng Formation reflects different extent of mixing of marine and terrestrial organic matters. The gradual depletion and subsequent sharp drop of carbon isotopes near the Permian-Triassic boundary might indicate complex causes of the end-Permian mass extinction.     

新疆富蕴县沙尔布拉克地区南明水组烃源岩有机地球化学特征

应用岩石热解、有机碳、干酪根碳同位素、有机显微组分、镜质组反射率、饱和烃气相色谱等有机地球化学分析测试资料, 综合分析了沙尔布拉克地区下石炭统南明水组泥、页岩露头样品的有机质丰度、类型和成熟度, 探讨了有机质的原始沉积环境和生源特征。结果表明:南明水组第二、三亚组烃源岩有机碳含量高, 属于好烃源岩; 第二亚组的有机质类型为 Ⅱ₂ 型和Ⅲ型, 第三亚组的有机质类型为Ⅲ型;有机质热演化程度高, 处于高-过成熟阶段; 沉积环境为强还原、高盐度的开放性水体; 有机质生源以陆生高等植物为主, 并有部分低等水生生物输入。     

Carbon isotope kinetics of gaseous hydrocarbons generated from different kinds of vitrinites

Kinetics study of gaseous hydrocarbons generated from vitrinites based on pyrolysis of gold tube closed system shows that the activation energies of methane generated from telocollinite are higher than that from desmocol-linite due to structure differences. But carbon isotope ratios of generated methane in pyrolysates of vitrinites at the same temperature points are similar. Carbon isotope ratio of methane may decrease in the early stage of gas generation and then increase in the later stage. But at higher temperature, δ13C1 decreases slightly or almost keeps stable with increasing temperature. Since it is known that carbon isotope distillation is controlled by time, temperature and carbon isotope ratio of bulk organic matter, the character of side chains connected to macromolecule of vitrinite and distribution of activation energies have no obvious effect on carbon isotope fraction. Decreasing trend of δ13C1 in the early stage may be caused by contagious structure of vitrinite or differences of activation energies between 12C-12C and 12C-13C are not strictly constant at different ranges of activation energy area.     

Multi-origin alkanes related to CO2-rich, mantle-derived fluid in Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

With the newly obtained carbon isotope data for the natural gas, a pilot study of multiple-sourced alkanes related to the mantled-derived fluid is presented. The carbon isotope values of alkanes in the Dongying Sag possess thefea tures indicating a general organic origin. However, there are two sub-populations in the isotopic data set, which reflect two specific types of origins. In gene ral, the sub-population with high δ13CCH4 values is related to the CO2-rich, mantle-derived fluid, and it is distributed in the belts where mantle-derived fluid flow and basic volcanic activities have occurred. Geological and geochemical studies demonstrate that this variation of methane carbon isotope values in the Dongying Sag is unrelated with the basin bury and thermal histories, types of source rocks, and reactions between basin fluid and rocks. Mixing of mantle-derived fluid and organic sourced hydrocarbons is probably the cause for the variation .     

大洋缺氧事件的碳稳定同位素响应

从碳稳定同位素组成及其分馏机理出发 ,系统探讨了大洋缺氧事件与海相碳酸盐和有机碳稳定同位素分馏之间的关系。缺氧事件期间 ,由于生物大批死亡和快速埋藏 ,其分解消耗海水中大量的溶解氧 ,引起大洋水体缺氧 ,富含 1 2 C的有机质从而得以大量保存 ;相应地大气和海水中富 1 3 C,同期海相碳酸盐岩碳同位素 δ值 (δ1 3C)正偏。在世界各地缺氧事件层内 ,无一例外地碳酸盐岩碳稳定同位素出现了不同程度的正偏 ,Cenomanian- Turonian 界线偏幅达～2‰。海相碳酸盐与有机质碳稳定同位素变化不仅可以提供地质历史中有机碳埋藏量的记录。研究全球碳循环变化 ,还可能追溯有机碳风化和埋藏速率的变化 ,定性地恢复大气 p CO2 变化。     

Analysis of carbon isotope in phytoliths from C3 and C4 plants and modern soils

The analysis of carbon isotope in phytoliths from modern plants and surface soils in China shows that the values of carbon isotope are consistent with those from C3 and C4 plants,and the processes of photosynthesis of the original plants can be clearly identified by carbon isotope in phytoliths.The value of carbon isotope varied from -23.8‰ to -28‰,with the maximum distributed in the latitude zone from 34° N to 40° N in North China and East China areas,and the minimum in the Northeast China and South China regions.The values of carbon of phytoliths tend to increase from low to high and then reduce to low value again as the latitude increases.In the same latitude zone,the carbon isotope in phytoliths from grassland soil under the trees is obviously lower than that from grassland soil without any trees with the difference of 1‰-2‰.     

Carbon isotope evidence for the stepwise oxidation of the Proterozoic environment

The oxidation of the Earth's crust and the increase in atmospheric oxygen early in Earth history have been linked to the accumulation of reduced carbon in sedimentary rocks. Trends in the carbon isotope composition of sedimentary organic carbon and carbonate show that during the Proterozoic aeon (2.5-0.54 Gyr ago) the organic carbon reservoir grew in size, relative to the carbonate reservoir. This increase, and the concomitant release of oxidizing power in the environment, occurred mostly during episodes of global rifting and orogeny.     

Isotopic evolution of the terminal Neoproterozoic and early Cambrian carbon cycle on the northern Yangtze Platform, South China

Profound geotectonic, climatic and biological changes occur during the terminal Neoproterozoic and its transition into the early Cambrian. These are reflected in temporal variations of the chemical and isotopic composition of seawater. We are studying a sequence of sedimentary rocks at the Shatan section, northern Yangtze Platform, Sichuan Province of China. This succession comprises, in ascending stratigraphic order, predominantly calcareous sediments of the Sinian upper Dengying Formation and black shales of the lower Cambrian Guojiaba Formation (time equivalent of Niutitang Fm.). Paleoenvironmental setting represents shallow-water shelf deposits. The objective of our study is to provide temporal records for the isotopic compositions of organic and carbonate carbon throughout this time interval. Organic carbon isotope values display a range between -35.8‰ and -30.1‰ with clear stratigraphic variations. Carbonate carbon isotope data vary between -3.5‰ and +0.5‰. These secular variations are interpreted to reflect perturbations of the global carbon cycle, specifically changes in the fractional burial of organic carbon. However, local conditions have further affected the isotopic signals.