醉蝶花幼苗对水分胁迫的生长适应性研究

研究了醉蝶花幼苗在不同水分胁迫条件下的生长适应性,结果表明,不同水分胁迫对醉蝶花幼苗生物量影响较大,1d2次,3d1次,4d1次的浇水条件均不利干物质的积累,导致总生物量偏低;而1d1次,2d1次则有利于干物质的积累,总生物量相对较高,不同水分胁迫条件下,幼苗有机同化产物在地上和底下部分的分配发生明显变化,引起根冠比的变化。     

干旱胁迫对接种AMF的香樟幼苗生物量分配及生长的影响

采用3种丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)——幼套球囊霉(Glomus etunicatum,GE)、摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae,GM)和层状球囊霉(Glomus lamellosum,GL)分别对香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)种子单一接种、混合接种以及不接种(对照)处理,对90 d大幼苗进行不同程度的干旱胁迫:正常供水(NW,土壤含水量为田间持水量的80%~90%)、轻度干旱胁迫(MW,土壤含水量为田间持水量的60%~70%)、中度干旱胁迫(MS,土壤含水量为田间持水量的56%~60%)、重度干旱胁迫(SS,土壤含水量为田间持水量的35%~40%);150 d后对香樟生长指标进行测定。结果表明,在不同干旱胁迫下,除GM外接种AMF提高了香樟幼苗植株总生物量和抗旱性,而在SS条件下接种AMF显著促进了幼苗的生长(p<0.05);在干旱胁迫下接种AMF通过影响植株的生长性状来影响植物的生物量分配;在干旱胁迫下,菌种差异通过影响叶面积来影响幼苗根、叶生物分配从而影响幼苗的总生物量积累和生长;在干旱胁迫下,菌种组合的方式则对幼苗生物量分配与生长均无显著影响;在喀斯特地区多种菌种共存不是以简单的叠加来发挥它们的影响效应,而是通过多种菌种应对不同的水分条件,发挥不同的抗旱效应来影响植物的生长性状,从而优化植物生物量的分配,维持植物在干旱生境下的生长。
     

干旱胁迫对接种AMF的香樟幼苗生物量分配及生长的影响

采用3种丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)——幼套球囊霉(Glomus etunicatum,GE)、摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae,GM)和层状球囊霉(Glomus lamellosum,GL)分别对香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)种子单一接种、混合接种以及不接种(对照)处理,对90d大幼苗进行不同程度的干旱胁迫:正常供水(NW,土壤含水量为田间持水量的80%~90%)、轻度干旱胁迫(MW,土壤含水量为田间持水量的60%~70%)、中度干旱胁迫(MS,土壤含水量为田间持水量的56%~60%)、重度干旱胁迫(SS,土壤含水量为田间持水量的35%~40%);150d后对香樟生长指标进行测定。结果表明,在不同干旱胁迫下,除GM外接种AMF提高了香樟幼苗植株总生物量和抗旱性,而在SS条件下接种AMF显著促进了幼苗的生长(p0.05);在干旱胁迫下接种AMF通过影响植株的生长性状来影响植物的生物量分配;在干旱胁迫下,菌种差异通过影响叶面积来影响幼苗根、叶生物分配从而影响幼苗的总生物量积累和生长;在干旱胁迫下,菌种组合的方式则对幼苗生物量分配与生长均无显著影响;在喀斯特地区多种菌种共存不是以简单的叠加来发挥它们的影响效应,而是通过多种菌种应对不同的水分条件,发挥不同的抗旱效应来影响植物的生长性状,从而优化植物生物量的分配,维持植物在干旱生境下的生长。     

植物抗盐剂对盐胁迫玉米幼苗水分代谢的效应

抗盐剂能明显能降低胁迫下玉米幼苗蒸腾速率，减少水分亏缺，增加束缚水／自由水比值，从而改善盐胁迫下组织水分状况，使幼苗保持较高的干物质积累和相对生长速率，为增产奠定了物质基础。     

水分胁迫对水、旱稻幼苗POD活性的影响

以四种抗旱性不同的水、旱稻幼苗为材料,采用愈创木酚分光光度法测定了不同生长时期、水分胁迫以及水分胁迫处理后复水幼苗的POD活性,并与同样条件下水、早稻幼苗SOD活性变化进行比较。结果表明,不仅水、旱稻幼苗SOD活性在不同发育时期、不同水分条件发生有特定规律的变化,而且POD活性也具有类似或同步的变化,即抗旱性较强的旱稻品种在水分胁迫时POD活性上升幅度大于水稻,复水后旱稻POD活性下降的幅度也比水稻大.由于SOD和POD在生化功能上具有偶联作用以及实验结果的相似性.故可以认为,不同水分条件水、旱稻幼苗POD活性的变化和SOD一样能够反映品种间抗旱能力的差异.     

水分和盐胁迫对几种禾本科作物幼苗体内脯氨酸含量的影响

本文对不同种类的作物及同一作物的不同品种,在水分和盐胁迫条件下,作物体中脯氨酸含量的变化进行了研究。在水分胁迫下,不同品种的小麦幼苗及谷子幼苗中游离脯氨酸含量明显的增高,随着胁迫时间的延长,游离脯氨酸含量成十倍或几十倍地增加。不同品种的小麦及谷子幼苗,游离脯氨酸的积累速率不同。浇水解除干旱后,小麦及谷子幼苗中脯氨酸的含量却明显降低。用不同浓度的Nacl溶液培养生长六天的小麦、玉米幼苗,脯氨酸的积累量均较双蒸水培养的多,但随着溶液中Nacl浓度的增高,脯氨酸的积累量也增加,这表明小麦、玉米幼苗中脯氨酸的含量与溶液的盐浓度有密切关系。解除盐胁迫后(盐溶液换成重蒸水培养)脯氨酸含量明显下降。在盐胁迫下,地上部分脯氨酸积累最大于地下部分。     

不同枫香种源对淹水胁迫的响应

采用随机区组试验设计,研究了人工模拟淹水胁迫对永康、邵武、南丹、南昌、泾县5个种源的枫香(Liquidambar formosana)2年生苗生长的影响。经过120 d的淹水处理,5个种源枫香的存活率均为100%,永康、泾县和南昌种源出现了少量不定根,而邵武和南丹种源未产生不定根。淹水抑制了枫香的干物质生产能力,其中对永康种源的抑制效应最明显,淹水胁迫下其干质量只有对照的64%;而对南昌种源干物质积累的影响最小,其生物量积累达对照的90%;同时发现,淹水胁迫下枫香种源地上部生物量积累和苗高生长变化不大,而根系生物量明显下降,导致根冠比下降,说明淹水胁迫对枫香地下部影响远远大于地上部,从而改变了干物质分配模式。随着淹水时间的延长,枫香叶绿素含量明显下降。淹水胁迫下不同种源枫香根系形态学参数也发生了变化,其中南丹种源的根系总长(TL)、根长密度(RLD)以及比根长(SRL)均有所增加,这可能是根系在缺氧环境下的一种适应性变化。根据5个种源在淹水胁迫下的生长状况和生物量积累,可以认为南昌和南丹种源较适合在低湿地推广。     

盐腔迫对3种白蜡树幼苗生长与光合作用的影响

通过幼苗盆栽实验，对不同浓度NaCl胁迫下，3种白蜡幼苗生物量，叶绿素含量，丙二醛含量和光合作用等进行了测定分析。结果表明，随着盐分浓度的提高，白蜡幼苗总生物量，叶绿素含量逐渐减少，根茎比差异显；幼苗丙二醛含量没有明显规律性变化；幼苗净光合速率，气孔导度和蒸腾作用强度均下降，饱和水气压差增加，而不同树种幼苗的胞间CO2浓度上升或下降，NaCl与其相关关系也表现不同。     

盐胁迫对3种白蜡树幼苗生长与光合作用的影响

通过幼苗盆栽实验,对不同浓度NaCl胁迫下,3种白蜡幼苗生物量、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量和光合作用等进行了测定分析.结果表明,随着盐分浓度的提高,白蜡幼苗总生物量、叶绿素含量逐渐减少,根茎比差异显著;幼苗丙二醛含量没有明显规律性变化;幼苗净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾作用强度均下降,饱和水气压差增加,而不同树种幼苗的胞间CO2浓度上升或下降,NaCl与其相关关系也表现不同.     

光照条件对浙江楠幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

以珍稀树种浙江楠为研究对象，对不同光照条件下浙江楠幼苗的生长及某些生理特性进行了研究。结果表明：(1)光照条件对苗木单株分枝数日、叶片数日和冠幅均有极显影响，遮荫条件下苗木单株分枝数日、叶片数目和冠幅均有所下降；(2)遮荫条件下，浙江楠单叶面积变化不大，但是单叶干重变化较为明显，比叶面积增大，但比叶重减少，表现为低的光合能力；全光条件下，单叶干重最大，表明叶片内部干物质积累多；(3)遮荫条件下叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量均表现为增加，有利于在弱光下提高苗木光合能力；(4)全光和弱度遮荫条件下，苗木具有较大的净光合作用速率，苗木生长旺盛，碳水化合物的积累较多，生物量增加。重度遮荫时，苗木具有较小的净光合作用速率，碳水化合物的积累较少，生长缓慢，生物量下降。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.