晋江市就地城镇化下LUCC特征及其生态安全评价

文章以晋江市为研究区域,基于2000、2005和2013年三期SPOT遥感数据,在定量分析研究区土地利用程度、土地利用动态变化以及土地覆被变化的基础上,参考P-S-R模型框架,从经济、环境、资源、人口等方面选取19个评价指标构建土地资源生态安全评价指标体系,并结合研究区近年来的经济社会发展情况定量评价其土地资源生态安全状况.结果显示:2000—2013年晋江市土地利用处于发展上升期,建设用地面积持续增加,呈现极端非平衡"涨势"状态,其他土地利用类型均呈现"落势"状态,规模趋于缩减趋势,使晋江市土地利用结构失调,土地覆被状况及宏观生态状况越转越差;13年间土地资源生态安全综合评价指数呈先上升后下降的趋势.2000年土地资源生态安全综合值为0.619,安全等级为Ⅳ,处于风险级(中警状态);2005年上升至0.741,安全等级为Ⅲ,处于敏感级(预警状态);2013年又下降至0.674,虽仍处于敏感级(预警状态),但土地资源生态安全综合评价指数有所下降.     

河北省土地生态安全评价

以河北省为例,在界定土地生态安全概念的基础上,探讨了土地生态安全评价的方法。依据区域土地生态安全评价一般性指标体系,建立了适合该区的由22项指标组成的土地生态安全评价指标体系。运用层次分析原理和土地生态安全模型对该区2000年和2004年的土地生态综合安全值进行了计算,研究结果显示,河北省土地生态综合安全状况在2000年属于"敏感级",在2004年属于"风险级",均处于"不安全"状态,且有不断恶化的趋势。人口增长过快、土地污染、滥垦、滥伐、过度放牧以及粗放经营的生产方式是导致该省土地生态安全状况不断下降的主要原因。     

河北省土地生态安全评价

以河北省为例,在界定土地生态安全概念的基础上,探讨了土地生态安全评价的方法。依据区域土地生态安全评价一般性指标体系, 建立了适合该区的由22项指标组成的土地生态安全评价指标体系。运用层次分析原理和土地生态安全模型对该区2000 年和2004 年的土地生态综合安全值进行了计算,研究结果显示,河北省土地生态综合安全状况在2000年属于“敏感级”,在2004年属于“风险级”,均处于“不安全”状态,且有不断恶化的趋势。人口增长过快、土地污染、滥垦、滥伐、过度放牧以及粗放经营的生产方式是导致该省土地生态安全状况不断下降的主要原因。     

山东省人口、经济与生态环境系统协调测度研究

根据现有研究成果和山东实际情况,本着使人口、经济和生态环境三个系统要在保持平衡的状态下同步发展,使综合效益和复合效益最大的原则,运用AHP法构建了协调发展评价指标体系和协调度模型.对山东省1997-2011人口、经济与生态环境协调状况进行了评价.结果显示,1997-2008年,人口、经济与生态环境系统综合发展水平不断提高,协调度呈现上升趋势;2009-2011年,由于人口、环境压力增大,系统协调度略有下降.     

基于熵权法的南县土地生态安全评价

基于PSR模型,从压力、状态和响应3方面构建南县土地生态安全评价指标体系,利用熵权法分析2009-2013年南县土地生态安全状况.评价结果表明,总体而言,2009-2013年南县土地生态安全水平呈逐年恶化趋势,由临界安全等级降为不安全等级;就子系统而言,压力子系统土地生态安全水平虽呈波动式上升趋势,但仍处于非常不安全等级,状态和响应子系统都呈波动式下降趋势,由不安全等级降为非常不安全等级;影响土地生态安全的主要子系统为响应子系统,其中城市化率、单位播种耕地粮食产量、单位耕地化肥使用量、水土协调度、第三产业比重、环保投资占GDP比重、工业废水达标排放率等为主要因素指标.     

重庆市土地资源生态安全研究

土地资源生态安全研究一直是土地资源可持续利用的热点.本文针对重庆直辖以来的土地资源特点和面临的主要问题,建立土地资源的“P-S-R”模型,由“压力系统”、“状态系统”、“响应系统”构建的24个正负向指标组成指标体系,运用层次分析法确定权重,对重庆市2003-2011年土地资源生态安全进行研究.结果显示:重庆市土地资源生态安全经历了急速恶化后缓慢改善的过程,呈现出逐渐好转的趋势.总体来说,土地资源生态安全状况不容乐观,还有待于进一步改善.要改善土地资源的生态安全状况,本文从合理利用土地资源、加强土地资源管理、保护和改善土地资源生态环境等方面提出建议,为加强保护土地资源生态安全工作提供相关依据.     

杭州市土地资源综合承载力评价及耦合协调性研究

基于"经济-社会-生态环境"研究框架构建杭州市土地综合承载力指标体系,并通过改进的均方差TOPSIS模型、障碍度模型及耦合协调模型,对杭州市2007-2016年土地综合承载力进行了综合评价.研究结果表明:2007-2016年,杭州市土地综合承载力呈波动降低态势,承载力级别呈现良好转向中级的趋势.2007-2016年,承载力子系统障碍度从大到小依次是生态环境承载力系统、社会承载力系统和经济承载力系统.2007-2016年杭州市耦合度和耦合协调协调度变化态势呈现差异性,其中耦合度处于高水平耦合阶段,但协调度评价结果距离优质协调仍有着不小的差距.     

汉中市土地利用综合效益评价研究

以汉中市2003—2011年的土地、经济、生态数据为基础,根据经济、社会、生态3方面效益的24个指标构建土地利用效益评价指标体系,并运用相关的土地利用效益评价测算模型,分析了汉中市土地利用的经济、社会和生态效益以及这3方面效益之间的耦合协调程度.结果表明,2003年以来汉中市土地利用综合效益处于缓慢上升状态,2009年以后上升速度加快;目前,汉中市土地利用效益处于较低效的中度协调状态;土地利用的生态效益处于小幅波动状态.未来必须优化和加强汉中市土地利用的生态效益.     

南宁1996-2005年生态安全评价研究

该文根据压力-状态-响应概念模型,构建了一个城市生态安全评价指标体系和综合评价模型,并从时间尺度上(1996-2005年)对南宁生态安全的现状和发展趋势做出了评价.根据计算结果,南宁近十年的生态安全水平总体呈上升趋势,1996—2001年处于不安全状态,2002年、2004年处于临界安全状态,2003年、2005年处于安全状态,这表明南宁2002年以来在城市建设方面所做的努力使其生态安全水平有了较大提高.通过分析压力、状态、响应3项指标指数与城市生态安全指数之间的关系,发现人文响应指标对南宁城市生态安全水平有直接影响.     

基于耦合协调度的揭阳市土地生态安全与 经济发展评价

通过构建基于熵权法的土地生态安全与经济发展评价指标体系,采用耦合协调度模型 对揭阳市2010 — 2018年土地生态安全和经济发展的耦合度、协调度进行综合测算,并分析耦合协 调度变化的原因和动力机制。结果表明：（1）揭阳市2010 — 2018年土地生态安全指数、经济发展 指数及土地生态安全与经济发展耦合协调度总体上呈上升趋势,耦合协调类型由轻度失调向弱度 协调转变;（2）揭阳市土地生态安全指数除2010 — 2013年下降外其他区间均处于上升趋势,经济 发展指数2015 — 2018年快速上升,在2018年达到峰值（0.565 9）;（3）土地生态安全与经济发展耦 合度于2015年达到最大值（0.581 2）后随即下降,耦合作用由强变弱,耦合协调度在2015 — 2018年 波动明显,土地生态安全和经济发展间互动加剧。研究结果可为维护揭阳市土地生态安全、促进 城市经济健康发展提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-