体育科研中应用统计方法的研究

收集《体育科学》杂志1982．1～1998．6所刊1542篇论文,逐篇统计各篇文章所用的统计方法,发现采用过统计方法的文章562篇占1542篇的36．45％．从历年应用方法次数和篇数的排列可看出,统计学在体育科学领域中的应用大约经历了8年左右的发展,1990年以后趋向稳定,体育科学内所应用的统计方法的94．26％还是隶属于经典概率统计范畴．常用的统计方法为20种,其应用次数之和占总应用次数的93．42％．“多元”统计方法已较为普道地应用于体育科研实践．非概率统计范畴的方法仅占总数的5．74％,但其中个别方法如灰色理论,Fuzzy综合评价等应用次数较多,发展趋势不可低估．应用统计方法较多的分支学科是运动医学、运动训练、体质研究、运动心理、学校体育、生物力学．“基础”方法主要用于人体科学学科,“其他”方法主要用于技术、管理、统计学科,“多元”’类基本平分于两者．     

计算Vaidya黑洞温度的几种方法

通过4种不同的方法,分别计算了动态Vaidya黑洞的温度．方法1和方法2分别利用Parikh的量子隧穿方法和Hamilton-Jacobi方法计算作用量虚部,进而求得黑洞的温度．方法3引入广义的乌龟坐标变换,利用改进的Damour-Ruffini方法,得到了黑洞的温度．方法4则由黑洞热力学第一定律直接计算黑洞温度．计算结果表明,4种方法所得温度是协调一致的．     

新到中国专利题录

5C-1．一种光纤涂层及其制备方法,5C-2．环保无污染生产薯蓣皂素的方法,5C-3．利用高分子废弃物生产复合材料的方法,5C-4．吸附-光催化剂及其制备方法,5C-5．木质油精,5C-6．利用农作物秸秆生产人造木材的方法及其人造木材,5C-7．一种碳粉及其制备方法,5C-8．一种防氡墙面漆。     

微波辅助萃取-高效液相色谱法测定土壤中多环芳烃

建立了用微波辅助萃取-高效液相色谱测定土壤中16种多环芳烃的方法．对萃取剂的种类,萃取方式以及微波条件进行了优化．该方法线性范围宽,检测限为0．16～11．2μg／L,相对标准偏差在1．63％～6．51％之间,加标回收率在61．3％～129．2％之间．结果表明,该方法用于测定土壤中的多环芳烃具有简便、灵敏度高和重复性好等优点,是一个有实用价值的检测方法。     

基于模糊熵的支撑矢量预选取方法

在基于支撑矢量机的分类器学习算法中,预先选择支撑矢量是非常重要的．依据模糊熵理论,提出一种启发式的支撑矢量预选取方法——模糊熵方法．该方法针对支撑矢量数目较小的情况,可以有效地预选取出包含支撑矢量的边界集．利用边界集作为训练集可以大大简化支撑矢量机的训练而不影响分类性能．与其它方法相比,该方法的主要优点是不需要参数来确定边界集的阈值．仿真实验结果表明该方法是有效和可行的．     

甲基橙-溴酸钾体系催化褪色光度法测定痕量铜

利用铜对甲基橙一溴酸钾体系的催化作用,建立一种新的测定痕量铜的方法,并利用该方法测定样品中铜的含量．方法：采用分光光度法进行实验,利用单因素法确定该催化反应的适宜条件,运用加标回收法和平行实验确定该方法的准确度和精密度．结果：通过探究,该褪色反应的适宜条件是：9n,4定波长为508nm,0．0002tool／L的甲基橙5．00ml,0．005tool／L的溴酸钾0．50ml,2mol／L的硝酸2．00ml;50℃下反应时间15rain．该方法的线性范围为0．2mg／L到16mg／L,线性方程为△A=0．0508＋0．0664c,相关系数为0．9979,相对标准偏差为1．3％,样品加标回收率为97．5％～112．8％,结果满意．     

HPLC法测定LDK胶囊中的L-精氨酸

目的：测定LDK胶囊中的L-精氨酸．方法采用RP．HPLC法,C18色谱柱,乙腈-醋酸盐缓冲液（14：86）为流动相,流速1．0mL．min^-1,检测波长200nm,柱温为室温．结果L-精氨酸在1．002ug-10．02ug范围内线性关系良好,r=0．9998．平均加样回收率为92．38％,RSD=I．31％．结论该方法简便,准确,重复性好,可作为LDK胶囊中L-精氨酸的含量测定和质量控制方法．     

四环素体系分光光度法测定电镀液中钐的研究

提出在弱碱性介质中对钐－四环素体系采用分光光度法测定钐的方法,测定波长为４０４ｎｍ．本方法具有较好的选择性和灵敏度,方法的回收率为９７．１％～１０３．８％,检出下限为３．９３×１０－８ｇ／ｍＬ．     

茜草中提取总黄酮实验微型法与常规法的比较

建立茜草提取液中总黄酮含量的微型实验测定方法．对比常规实验和微型实验两种提取方法。利用紫外分光光度法,以芦丁为对照品制定标准曲线,进行样品含量和回收率的测定．其结果为最大吸收波长506nm,线性回归方程为A=-0．01587＋1．0434C（mg／10mL）（R=0．999782）,常量法提取液中总黄酮的平均含量为1．93％,平均回收率为102．74％．微型法提取液中总黄酮的平均含量为1．81％,平均回收率为101．59％．结果表明微型实验方法简便,准确可靠,测定茜草中总黄酮的含量其方法误差与常规实验方法一样在允许范围之内．     

Pilon骨折三种治疗方法的临床比较

目的：比较分析应用三种不同治疗方法治疗Pilon骨折的疗效．方法：对82例Pilon骨折患者分别采用保守治疗方法、切开复位钢板内固定法、外固定支架超关节固定法等三种不同治疗方法进行治疗．结果：三种治疗方法后平均随访2年,对患者踝关节进行评分,传统治疗的优良率88．20％;切开复位钢板内固定的优良率92．60％;外固定支架超关节固定法的优良率97．40％．结论：Pilon骨折三种治疗方法的比较,后两种方法治疗患者踝关节功能恢复比保守治疗效果好,而外固定支架超关节固定方法是治疗Pilon骨折的最佳选择,临床上值得推广应用．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.