辽阳水库生物指标的分析与评价

为揭示辽阳市两大水库的水资源保护及管理现状,采集分析了辽阳汤河水库、参窝水库的共计12个监测点位枯水期(2009年4月)、丰水期(2009年7月)、平水期(2009年10月)的浮游植物、叶绿素a、底栖动物和粪大肠菌群等生物指标,采用综合污染指数法对分析结果进行了评价。结果表明:汤河水库所有监测断面的粪大肠菌群检测值均符合地表水Ⅱ类标准。其中枯水期和平水期底栖动物和着生藻类均为清洁水,丰水期底栖动物和着生藻类为轻污染。参窝水库所有监测断面的粪大肠菌群检测值均符合地表水Ⅲ类标准。枯水期、丰水期和平水期均为轻污染。     

快速城市化流域全氟化合物的污染特征及生态风险

为探究快速城市化地区城市河流中全氟化合物(PFCs)的污染特征, 于枯水期和丰水期分别采集深圳市观澜河干流的表层水样, 通过固相萃取法处理水样, 并利用超高效液相色谱–三重四级杆串联质谱(UPLCESI-MS/MS)技术分析 11 种PFCs的含量。结果表明, 丰水期和枯水期观澜河干流水体中PFCs的含量分别为179.15~613.68和37.04~103.70 ng/L。其中, 全氟己烷磺酸(PFHxS)、全氟丁烷磺酸(PFBS)、全氟己酸(PFHxA)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)是主要污染物。所采集的样品中, 丰水期PFCs的浓度高于枯水期, 下游采样点PFCs的浓度高于上中游河段。与已报道的其他水体相比, 由于流域的快速城市化, 观澜河水体的PFCs含量水平较高。生态风险评估表明, 水体中检出的PFCs均不会对水体造成生态风险。     

赤水河上游水质时空特征分析及其污染源解析

选取赤水河上游流域5个监测断面开展2010—2012年丰水期(7月份)、平水期(10月份)、枯水期(1月份)的水质时空分析,并借助单因子水质标识指数法和多元统计分析方法识别水质时空分布特征,并对其进行污染源解析,为赤水河上游流域管理提供一定的理论依据.结果表明:1)赤水河上游流域丰水期、枯水期、平水期水质结果差异并不明显.2)茅台站污染最严重,其NH_4~+-N和粪大肠菌群水质指标均超出水环境功能区要求,其余各监测断面水质指标均达标.3)选取丰水期进行污染源解析,其主要污染源为农田径流面源污染,其次是煤矿源和白酒工业源污染,主要污染物有高锰酸盐指数、粪大肠菌群、BOD_5和COD_(Cr).研究可为赤水河上游水环境治理制定针对性措施并提供决策依据.建议流域发展高效生态农业,提高污水处理率,并重视白酒生产厂排出的污水对水质的影响.     

安庆市城市湖泊水体微生物污染状况调查及其生态风险评价研究

采用细菌菌落总数(CFU)、总大肠菌群(TC)、粪大肠菌群(FC)三种主要微生物指标对安庆市水上公园、莲湖、西小湖、大湖、菱湖五个典型城市湖泊水体微生物污染状况进行了调查和评价。结果表明:1安庆市城市湖泊水体总体污染严重,只有个别湖泊水质较好,其中,水上公园属于Ⅲ类,莲湖和大湖属于Ⅴ类,西小湖和菱湖属于劣Ⅴ类;2细菌菌落总数、总大肠菌及粪大肠菌群等三种微生物指标间均存在较强正的相关性,说明这三种指标在指示水体受有机物或者粪便污染上具有很强的一致性。     

山美水库综合水质标识指数评价

根据2004-2006年监测数据,运用综合水质标识指数对山美水库水质进行评价.结果表明,山美水库主要污染因子的污染程度大小排列次序:总氮(TN)总磷(TP)粪大肠菌群高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)溶解氧(DO)NH4+-N5日生物耗氧量(BOD5);山美水库水质总体达Ⅱ类水标准,满足水体功能区Ⅱ类水目标,但主要污染因子中有TN,TP,粪大肠菌群等3项水质指标超标,尤其是TN严重超标,达到地表水标准劣Ⅴ类;而TP和粪大肠菌群达到地表水标准Ⅲ类;总的来说,TN的严重超标,TP含量的逐年上升,表明水库富营养化趋势明显.     

浑河流域沈抚段枯水期氮污染特征研究

目的研究浑河流域沈抚段枯水期水质氮污染状况,分析其污染的主要来源,并对水体水质进行评估,为水生态建设及制定浑河流域污染治理方案提供基础数据.方法开展浑河流域沈抚段枯水期水质氮污染状况调查,2015-11-17、2015-12-04和2016-01-05对浑河流域沈抚段6个干流采样点、4个支流采样点和3个排污口采样点共13个固定采样点采样,按照《水和废水监测分析方法》对水样进行检测分析,并依据《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)对浑河流域沈抚段进行水质评价.结果浑河流域沈抚段枯水期干流的NO-2-N质量浓度在0.064~0.23 mg/L,部分地区超出天然水体中的常规值0.1 mg/L;水体中的NO-3-N质量浓度在0.35~2.8 mg/L,未超出地表水硝酸盐(以N计)的标准限值10 mg/L;水体中的NH+4-N质量浓度在0.91~3.12 mg/L,部分区域超出地表水V类标准限值2.0 mg/L;水体中的TN质量浓度在2.7~20.9 mg/L,严重超出地表水V类标准限值2.0 mg/L.结论浑河流域沈抚段冬季枯水期水质属于V类水,氮污染严重.干流中大部分的氮污染源是来自于生活污水、畜禽粪便和工业废水.     

赣江南昌段水体尿素时空分布及其来源

于2017年1月至2月和6月至7月对赣江南昌段6个采样点进行了水样采样,用二乙酰一肟硫氨脲分光光度法测定了水样中尿素的浓度。结果显示,赣江南昌段上游支流锦江水体中浓度在丰水期尿素(3.2±1.6)μmol/L高于枯水期(1.7±0.8)μmol/L,表明农业尿素肥料是锦江丰水期尿素的主要来源。无论是丰水期还是枯水期,赣江南昌段上游市汊至中游的外洲,尿素浓度呈下降趋势,表明该水段受人为源尿素的影响较小。从外洲至赣江南昌段下游的3条支流中,尿素浓度都呈上升趋势,表明南昌市生活污水排放是赣江南昌段下游水体中尿素的主要来源。     

三亚湾海域关键水质因子的监测与评价

于2005-2006年的枯水期与丰水期对三亚湾海域进行监测,布设了3个断面和7个监测站位,对盐度、pH、无机氮(NO2-N、NO3-N、NH4-N)、无机磷(PO4-P)、活性硅酸盐(SiO3)、油类、化学耗氧量(COD)、溶解氧(DO)、叶绿素a(Chl.a)、粪大肠菌群等水质因子进行了现场监测与实验室分析.结果表明:三亚湾大部分监测站点的水质状况良好,优于Ⅱ类海水的水质标准;受陆源径流的影响,三亚河口、三亚港邻近的1号监测点的水质较差,主要受到无机磷、油类、粪大肠菌群的污染;营养盐(无机氮、无机磷、活性硅酸盐)、COD、粪大肠菌群受陆源物质的影响,近岸监测值高于远岸监测值,湾东侧的监测值高于西侧的监测值;三亚河对三亚湾的水质变化影响较大.     

红枫湖水体中氮的季节变化特征研究

选取贵阳市重要的饮用水源地—红枫湖为研究对象,对不同季节(枯水期、丰水期、平水期)水体中总氮、氨氮含量的变化特征及原因进行研究,结果表明:红枫湖水体中总氮的季节性差异明显,呈现出丰水期平水期枯水期的规律,氨氮的季节性变化规律为丰水期枯水期平水期。降水量和水质参数对水体中氮含量影响较大,氮污染治理的重点应放在雨季。研究结果为红枫湖氮污染研究与水环境评价提供了基础。     

飞来峡水库氮磷营养盐形态及分布特征

以飞来峡水库为研究对象,于2015年6月(丰水期)和12月(枯水期)对库区内9个采样点进行水样采集。通过测定各形态氮、磷浓度,结合Spearman相关性检验结果和氮磷比,分析水库氮、磷营养盐分布特征、结构以及来源。结果表明:(1)硝酸盐氮是氮营养盐的主要存在形态,磷营养盐的主要存在形态为颗粒磷和溶解态磷;(2)总氮、总磷浓度总体表现分别为丰水期枯水期和丰水期枯水期,氮浓度受生活污染影响较大,磷浓度变化具备面源污染特征;(3)氮、磷元素在丰水期具有同源性,枯水期输入源不完全一致;(4)对比3条主要入库河流(北江干流及滃江、连江等支流)的入库通量,枯水期北江总氮通量最大,为1 036.0 g/s,丰水期滃江总氮通量最大,为1 128.4 g/s,丰、枯水期北江总磷通量均最大,分别为85.4和70.3 g/s;(5)DIN/TP介于4.0~47.1,水库属于磷营养限制类型。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.