Q235钢黑膜磷化及其影响因素

为满足国内外市场对钢铁黑膜磷化的需求,采用预发黑处理、再磷化技术,研究了常温下Q235钢的黑膜磷化规律,重点讨论了黑膜磷化的几种主要影响因素,如主盐性质、磷化液pH值、磷化次数、辅助成膜剂等因素对Q235钢黑膜磷化的影响.实验结果表明,主盐性质不同磷化膜黑度不同,pH=3时得到的黑色磷化膜最好,另外,先黑化后磷化工艺可以得到满意的黑色磷化膜,辅助成膜剂如十二烷基苯磺酸钠(NaDBS)、平平加(AES)等不利于Q235钢的黑膜磷化.     

一种低温磷化促进剂的动力学研究

简述了锌系磷化膜的形成机理,针对锌系中温磷化技术的缺点,采用测量φt曲线的方法研究磷化液中促进剂对磷化膜生长速率的影响。应用XRD对膜的形貌及晶体结构进行了表征,研制出一种低温锌系磷化加速剂。实验结果表明,将亚硝酸盐与氯酸盐混合制成复合促进剂,可以缩短成膜时间,降低磷化温度,加快磷化成膜速度,在磷化温度为25℃～35℃,磷化时间为10min的条件下,可以获得性能良好的磷化膜。     

MB6镁合金表面磷化工艺优化及耐腐蚀性能研究

应用Tafel极化曲线分析方法,对在不同磷化温度、不同磷化液pH和不同磷化时间条件下磷化的MB6镁合金防腐性能进行了研究.实验结果表明:磷化温度、磷化液pH和磷化时间对MB6镁合金磷化膜防腐性能有较大影响,其最佳磷化温度为50℃,最佳pH为3.0,最佳磷化时间为20 min,磷化膜可提高MB6镁合金在Hank溶液里耐腐...     

如何提高磷化膜的质量

昌河1986年开始批量生产汽车，磷化表面处理从一元锌系磷化到三元锌、镍、锰系的转变。由于新磷化药剂的使用，使磷化膜P比提高到0．9以上，提高了磷化膜的耐碱性。使电泳臻膜的耐盐雾性增强，减少了漆膜裂纹处发生的腐蚀。本文就昌铃涂装生产线现有的生产条件下阐述如何提高磷化膜的质量。分别从涂装工艺及前处理设备等方面对影响磷化膜的因素进行分析和讨论，并提出提高磷化膜质量的方法。在汽车涂装生产中，为了延长漆膜的耐盐雾性，普遍采用磷化处理作为油漆前的表面处理，磷化膜质量的好坏直接影响着涂装质量。     

船用钢板的磷化处理

在实验室条件下进行了磷化配方的选择,温度对磷化的影响、补充处理的方法,磷化膜对钢板焊接及焊件机械性能的影响方面的试验。 试验结果表明,可用冷磷化和用熟亚麻子油作补充处理来防止船用钢板的大气腐蚀;焊接前,可不必将磷化膜刮去,直接进行焊接。     

锌钙系防锈磷化工艺

研究了锌钙系磷化工艺.以磷化膜质量和防锈性为定量指标,讨论了操作参数(总酸度、游离酸度、温度、时间和酸比)对磷化膜的影响,确定了最佳磷化工艺.结果表明:该磷化工艺稳定,维护简单,所得磷化膜防锈性优良.由磷化机理分析表明,磷化膜的组成为Zn3(PO4)2和Ca3(PO4)2.     

NaCI溶液中Fe—W非晶镀层磷化膜的耐蚀机理

将Fe-W非晶镀层在锌系磷化液中进行磷化处理,表面形成致密的磷化膜,显著提高了镀层在NaCI溶液中的耐蚀性能;采用AES和XPS测定Fe-W磷化膜的成分和化学价态,并对膜层进行了深度剖析。实验结果表明,磷化膜主要由ZeZn2(PO4)2、Zn3(PO4)2及少量Fe2O3、WO3和钼酸盐组成,厚度约为210nm。此外,还探讨了磷化膜的耐蚀机理。     

钢铁表面免水洗锌系磷化膜的常温制备与性能表征

Q235钢铁试片在以磷酸、氧化锌、钼酸铵等材料组成的锌系磷化液中常温快速磷化后,自然干燥2 h以上,生成免水洗的彩色锌系磷化膜.用XPS对膜层的化学组成及结构进行表征,用SEM和EDS对膜层的形貌和元素含量进行分析,探讨磷化机理.研究结果表明:免水洗的磷化膜,由Fe3 和Zn2 的磷酸盐及少量的钼酸盐等组成,膜晶粒尺寸≤2 μm,膜连续、致密,膜重≥0.9 g/m2,耐3%的NaCl溶液腐蚀约2.0 h,喷涂铁红环氧底漆后检验涂层的附着力达1级,比传统工艺(磷化后水洗)形成的磷化膜质量更好.     

压缩机动涡旋表面磷化膜层的磨损性能

采用AMSLER摩擦磨损试验机,模拟压缩机上支撑与动涡旋摩擦副,对灰铸铁表面磷化膜层摩擦副在不同条件下的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测摩擦磨损表面形貌.试验结果表明:磷化工艺可以有效降低灰铸铁与磷化膜层之间的摩擦系数;在摩擦磨损过程中,磷化膜避免了金属表面的直接接触,降低了摩擦副之间的黏着.磷化试样在高速和低速条件下的抗咬合性能均优于未磷化试样.     

镁合金磷化工艺及耐蚀性研究

采用磷酸盐体系对镁合金表面进行磷化处理,并对磷化配方进行优化．利用扫描电镜（SEM）观察膜层形貌,用极化曲线方法对不同工艺下得到的磷化膜进行耐腐蚀性能分析．结果表明,镁合金表面经过优化配方处理后,磷化膜均匀、细小、致密,膜层主要由锰的磷酸盐构成,富含氧、磷、锰等元素,完全不合Mg和Al．优化配方磷化后的镁合金表面在3．5％NaCl溶液中浸泡24h,耐腐蚀性能显著提高,并确定了最佳工艺条件为：温度60℃、时间60min、pH值3．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.