水杨酸对温度胁迫下紫御谷幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

以紫御谷为材料,研究了水杨酸对温度胁迫(高温和低温)下紫御谷幼苗生长及光合特性的影响,结果表明:①高温和低温胁迫显著降低了紫御谷幼苗的根冠比、根系活力、总根长和平均根直径,使根系生长受到抑制,而水杨酸处理则提高了其根冠比、根鲜物质量、茎鲜物质量和根系活力;②高温胁迫显著降低了紫御谷叶片的叶绿素a、总叶绿素质量分数和净光合速率,而水杨酸处理显著提高了紫御谷叶片的净光合速率.低温胁迫使紫御谷幼苗叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均显著低于常温对照,而水杨酸处理后,叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均有所升高.③高温胁迫下,紫御谷幼苗的初始荧光(Fo)、光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)和光下PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)与常温对照相比差异不显著,而低温胁迫下的Fv/F和ΦPSⅡ则显著低于常温对照,喷施水杨酸后Fv/Fm和ΦPSⅡ均低于低温处理组,且Fv/Fm差异显著,由此推断低温胁迫可能使PSⅡ反应中心受到不可逆的损害.     

强光对番茄低温弱光胁迫后不同叶片恢复的影响

5℃低温弱光(60μmol·m-2·s-1)处理3d导致番茄叶片Pn、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ的下降,但F0并没有变化;强光(800μmol·m-2·s-1),25℃条件恢复5h,番茄成熟叶片Pn、Fv/Fm基本能得到恢复,ΦPSⅡ则略有下降;而成长叶片Fv/Fm以及ΦPSⅡ却显著下降,F0也明显增加.恢复3d后成熟叶光合作用、叶绿素荧光参数完全得到恢复,而成长叶虽稍有恢复但仍保持较低水平.     

强光对番茄低温弱光胁迫后不同叶片恢复的影响

5℃低温弱光(50μmol·m-2·s-1)处理3d导致番茄叶片Pn、Fv/Fm、ФPSⅡ的下降,但F0并没有变化;强光(800μmol·m-2·s-1),25℃条件恢复5h,番茄成熟叶片Pn、Fv/Fm基本能得到恢复,ФPSⅡ则略有下降;而成长叶片Fv/Fm以及ФPSⅡ却显著下降,F0也明显增加.恢复3d后成熟叶光合作用、叶绿素荧光参数完全得到恢复,而成长叶虽稍有恢复但仍保持较低水平.     

青花菜叶片PSⅡ光化学效率和光合对强光高温的响应

利用光合气体交换和叶绿素荧光测定技术,研究了青花菜叶片PSⅡ光化学效率和光合对强光高温的响应.夏日晴天下青花菜叶片的Fv/Fm,F'v/F'm,ФPSⅡ和qP均降低,F0升高;12:00～14:00,Fv/Fm,F'v/F'm,ФPSⅡ和qP均降至最低,F0升至最高;14:00后,随着光强减弱,Fv/Fm,F'v/F'm,#PSⅡ和qP逐渐升高,F0逐渐降低;19:00后基本恢复,表明强光高温下PSⅡ反应中心可逆失活是青花菜叶片的一种重要的光破坏防御机制.PSⅡ用于光化学反应的能量随光照强度增强和叶温升高而下降;用于天线非辐射耗散的能量在8:00～10:00增高,此后基本稳定;失活的PSⅡ反应中心所耗散的过剩光能随光强增强和叶温升高大幅度增高,14:00后随光强减弱大幅度下降,进一步表明PSⅡ反应中心可逆失活在青花菜光破坏防御中具有重要作用.青花菜叶片净光合速率和蒸腾速率日变化均呈单峰型曲线,峰值分别出现在12:00和14:00.胞间CO2浓度12:00前逐渐减小,此后基本稳定.气孔导度全天呈下降趋势.     

稻瘟病菌对水稻PS Ⅱ的影响研究

采用在分蘖期接种稻瘟病菌,研究稻瘟病菌不同生理小种对水稻叶片光合色素和叶绿素荧光参数的影响.结果表明水稻接种稻瘟病菌孢子后,叶片出现不同程度发病,光合色素含量下降,叶片的Fv/Fm,Fv/F0,F′v/F′m,ΦPS Ⅱ,qP,qN,ETR和α较对照均显著降低.不同水稻品种对稻瘟病菌的敏感程度不同,R725接种ZA5后,叶片细胞结构遭到破坏,光合色素含量大幅下降,叶瘟发生最重;R720接种ZC8后发病最重,叶绿素a(Chla)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量大幅下降,Fv/F0和ΦPS Ⅱ等叶绿素荧光参数也显著低于对照;R727接种ZG1后发病最重,光合色素显著下降,叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm,qP,ΦPSⅡ,ETR,qN和α也显著低于对照.     

温度对野生大豆种子萌发的影响

为探讨野生大豆(Glycine soja )种子萌发与温度的关系,将浓硫酸浸泡处理和砂磨处理过的种子置温度5、10、15、20、25、30、35℃恒温及25/15℃(昼/夜)变温条件下进行发芽试验,测定各温度下种子发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数.试验结果表明,野生大豆种子的适宜萌发温度为15-30℃,浓硫酸浸泡最佳处理时间为40min.     

Na2S对NaCl胁迫下海滨锦葵光合作用的效应

选用海滨锦葵幼苗为实验材料,在不同NaCl浓度下,对其叶面喷施Na2S处理,14天后,测定海滨锦葵叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、光呼吸速率(Pr)、PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(φPSII)、叶绿素含量及叶片膜透性.结果发现增强盐胁迫下海滨锦葵的光呼吸,可以减缓叶绿素的降解,保护光合器官,显著降低膜透性,说明光呼吸对盐胁迫下海滨锦葵有重要的保护作用.     

PEG胁迫对玉米幼苗光合特性和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

为探讨PEG胁迫对玉米幼苗光合生理特征影响,采用水培试验对玉米杂交种郑单958幼苗以10%、15%、20%PEG进行胁迫24、48、72 h后,分别测定了叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶绿素荧光参数等光合生理指标。结果表明:随着PEG胁迫浓度增加,玉米幼苗叶片的、Pn、Gs与Tr均显著下降,且胁迫浓度增高以及胁迫时间延长,各指标下降幅度增大,同时基础荧光(F0)、非光化学猝灭(NPQ)呈上升趋势,最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和实际化学效率(φPSⅡ)呈下降趋势。但在10%和15%PEG胁迫下,玉米幼苗叶片中Fo、Fm、Fv、Fv/Fo、Fv/Fm、NPQ和φPSⅡ间均无显著差异,但与20%PEG胁迫下各指标间差异均达到显著水平。可见,随着水分胁迫程度增加,玉米幼苗叶片Pn、Tr、Gs受到抑制,其PSⅡ光能转化效率降低,热能散增加,光化学活性受到抑制,致使光合作用显著降低,影响其生长发育。     

油菜素内酯对干旱胁迫下辣椒叶片活性氧代谢的影响

以辣椒品种湘研6号为材料,研究了干旱胁迫下0.05 mg/L的油菜素内酯(BR)对辣椒叶片活性氧代谢的影响.研究表明,干旱胁迫显著抑制了辣椒叶片净光合速率(Pn)、PSII光合电子传递量子效率(ΦPSII)和光化学猝灭系数(qP),虽然干旱胁迫诱导了非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的酶活性,但仍导致叶片PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)的下降和过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的大幅上升;油菜素内酯有效地促进了干旱胁迫下辣椒叶片Pn、ΦPSII、qP和NPQ的增强,也显著增强了SOD、APX、CAT和POD的酶活性,从而减轻了干旱胁迫所导致的Fv/Fm的下降和H2O2和MDA含量的增加.结果表明,油菜素内酯可通过增强碳同化和热耗散能力,并诱导抗氧化酶活性的增加,以促进作物的抗旱性.     

盐胁迫对海滨锦葵叶绿素荧光参数的影响

分别利用0、100、200、300 mmol·L-1NaCl处理盐生植物海滨锦葵(Kosteletzkya virginica L.presl),处理两周后分别测定叶绿素荧光参数及叶片光合速率.结果表明:海滨锦葵的净光合速率随盐处理浓度的升高而下降;叶绿素荧光参数PSⅡ的最大光能转换效率Fv/Fm值随盐处理浓度的升高而降低,初始荧光Fo变化不大,PSⅡ的量子传递效率φPSⅡ、远红光下天线能量转换效率φPSⅡR都是先升高后下降,且差异显著,只是φPSⅡ的最大值出现在200 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理,而φPSⅡR则出现在100 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理;光化学猝灭系数qP值先升高后下降,而非光化学猝灭系数MPQ值先下降后升高,最大值和最小值都出现在100 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理,且差异显著.这表明200 mmol·L-1 NaCl以上的盐胁迫降低了天线色素的能量转换效率,使PSⅡ的电子传递受阻,还原态QA再氧化的量减少,PQ库变小,不利于激发能从天线色素向PSⅡ的传递,影响电子的传递,但并没有破坏光合作用中心.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to