用超声冲击法消除锚拉板区域的焊接应力

针对大跨径钢结构斜拉桥锚拉板区域焊缝较密、连接钢板较厚、焊接残余应力较高且分布不明确等问题^［1］,对重庆江津观音岩长江大桥索梁锚固区域部分进行足尺比例试件的焊接应力测试,并对其焊缝进行超声波冲击试验,研究超声波冲击法对锚拉板区域各焊缝应力的影响情况.测试和试验研究结果表明,锚拉板区域各焊缝存在着相当大的焊接残余应力,超声波冲击法能有效地减小和消除该区域的焊缝残余拉应力,改善其应力的状态,确保构件连接的受力.超声波冲击方法是一种解决钢结构桥梁中的局部区域焊接应力过大问题的有效方法.     

超声波检测技术在城铁地板上的应用研究

城铁地板材料为钎焊铝合金蜂窝板,分析了地板钎焊接头超声波A扫描回波信号。利用数值仿真软件模拟了超声波信号在地板焊缝中的传播过程,分析了探头在焊件不同区域时,信号特征的变化情况,研究了铝合金蜂窝板地板钎焊接头状态与超声检测A扫描回波信号之间的关系。超声检测A扫描回波信号可以准确地反映出地板焊接的成型质量,能够表征钎焊接头内部的连接状态,可以用来评价城铁地板的连接质量。     

应力波和超声波检测在木拱廊桥安全评估中的应用

木拱廊桥是木结构古建筑中重要的文化遗产,现存的部分木拱廊桥仍在使用中.为保护木拱廊桥,考虑各种复杂的环境因素和结构条件,将应力波和超声波检测技术应用于真实环境下的木拱廊桥检测中.挑选福州市闽侯县远济桥的承重木柱作为研究对象,针对木柱内部缺陷采用应力波检测与超声波检测.检测结果表明应力波和超声波检测木材缺陷时,超声波的检测精度更高,二者检测结果存在相似性;远济桥检测样本的承重木柱存在空洞、裂纹、虫蛀等缺陷,建议对远济桥的安全性进行优化和改进.基于木拱廊桥所处环境的实际情况,利用应力波和超声波检测相对照的检测方法,提出针对木拱廊桥的安全性等级进行划分,使应力波和超声波检测技术更好地应用于木拱廊桥的保护工程中.     

SA213-T23钢焊接工艺试验研究与应用

本文根据对SA213-T23钢的薄壁小管焊接工艺评定结果中总结出的点滴经验而撰写。文中采用了管子接头工艺焊接性试验方法,并对三种不同焊接接头作了外观、内部质量签定和常温下机械性能试验,以确定较为合理的适应于现场安装的焊接工艺,对保证焊接质量的几个环节和工艺条件提出具体看法。     

超声波CT在桥梁T型梁质量检测中的应用

超声波CT是利用超声波在测试目标体中的传播时间,重建弹性波速度分布的一种无损检测方法.通过使用专用设备记录超声波从震源到接收探头之间的传播时间,并据此进行波速计算、反演等,通过分析软件分析构件内声波传播速度的分布特征,间接获得构件强度以及构件内部均匀性等信息.此方法在大型混凝土构件无损检测中进行了实际应用,与其它测试手段相比,超声波CT测试技术具有较高的工作效率、精度且测试结果直观.该方法不仅可以进行构件缺陷检测,结合同批次混凝土制作试块的室内单轴抗压强度试验结果,还可以对构件进行强度评价,是大型混凝土构件中缺陷普查的首选方法.     

Lamb波在对接焊缝中的传播特性及影响因素

许多承压类特种设备事故都源于焊接缺陷,焊接质量的好坏直接影响产品使用的安全可靠性.利用超声Lamb波快速扫查的特点可对焊接质量进行有效评估.针对Lamb波在焊缝中的传播特性分析,建立对接焊缝的三维有限元仿真模型,采用焊缝端部(板侧)激励的方式进行数值仿真研究,解释了Lamb波在对接焊缝中的能量束缚和能量衰减现象,并分析了对接焊缝余高、焊缝宽度及杨氏模量变化对Lamb波传播规律的影响.试验研究验证了上述有限元仿真计算结果的正确性,为对接焊缝的质量评估提供了一种参考方法.     

低碳钢焊接试板弯曲性能的试验分析

压力容器焊接试板机械性能检测是保证压力容器产品质量的一个重要检测手段。在检测过程中,有时会遇到试板弯曲试验不合格的现象,尤其Q235这类低碳钢薄板焊接试板,弯曲不合格的几率较其它材质多。本文通过对具有代表性的Q235-B钢焊接试板弯曲进行分析,并提出焊接工艺方面的改进意见,以改善焊接接头质量,提高弯曲试验合格率。[第一段]     

缀板加强冷弯薄壁C形钢受压极限承载力研究

为研究缀板加强冷弯薄壁C形钢受压构件的受力性能,采用ANSYS软件建立其非线性有限元模型,并与试验破坏特征、极限承载力进行对比,验证建模方法的正确性. 研究缀板间距及偏心距对缀板加强冷弯薄壁C形钢在轴压及单向偏心受压作用下的极限承载力及屈曲模态的影响规律. 结果表明：随缀板间距减小,C形钢的屈曲变形由畸变屈曲逐步转为局部屈曲,轴心受压及偏心受压构件极限承载力逐渐增高;随偏心距增大,偏心受压构件的极限承载力逐渐降低;建议缀板加强冷弯薄壁C形钢轴压、偏压构件的缀板间距分别取λ/3、λ/4（λ为屈曲半波长度）. 基于缀板加强冷弯薄壁C形钢的受力特点及直接强度法,提出缀板加强冷弯薄壁C形钢构件轴压及偏压极限承载力的修正公式,并验证了公式的准确性.     

超声波金属与陶瓷焊接机

日本ULtex公司正在销售一种自动式超声波金属与陶瓷焊接机.这种焊接机通过发出平行于铝件或陶瓷件焊接表面的超声波振荡,并使振荡波传输到其它焊接表面上,然后在压力作用下将超声波能量转变为焊接能量,从而将铝件和陶瓷件焊接成一体.据介绍,该焊接机的工作压力为几公斤/厘米~2至150公斤/厘米~2,超声波波长为几米到50米,振荡频率为20千赫至40千赫.     

超声波焊接在数字化分层实体制造中的应用研究

简要介绍了超声波金属焊接的原理和设备,通过试验讨论焊接参数及工艺对焊接强度的影响,分析了将超声波焊接应用于分层实体制造的可行性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-