黑鲷化学感觉发育和摄食关系

研究了黑鲷（Ｓｐａｒｕｓｍａｃｒｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ）仔、稚、幼鱼嗅觉和味觉器官的基本结构及嗅觉、味觉与摄食的关系，初孵仔鱼的嗅囊很小、很浅，细胞没有分化。５ｄ的嗅囊细胞开始分化，２４ｄ嗅囊分化完毕，嗅觉开始功能化，参与摄食反应。初孵仔鱼味蕾没分化，５ｄ的仔鱼味蕾分化形成，参与摄食反应。随发育的进行，先后从口咽腔、头部、躯干、尾部、鳍等处依次出现味蕾。嗅觉和味觉是鱼类的化学感觉，嗅觉可以对远、近距离的食物发生反应，而味觉只能对接触的或几乎接触的食物发生反应。化学感觉对摄食的作用是对黑暗条件下视觉摄食的补充。     

一种基于粗糙集的味觉信号识别方法

提出一种基于粗糙集的味觉信号识别方法.该算法运用粗糙集技术,在决策规则生成过程中,充分考虑数据集中各属性的重要度,并动态对其进行更新.由于决策过程中不断更新属性重要度,保证了每次将重要度最高的属性加入决策规则集,进而保证了决策系统的约简.基于机器学习数据集UCI中的2个味觉信号数据winequality_white和winequality_red,算法采用十折交叉验证技术,独立进行10次实验,并与2个经典算法进行了对比.结果表明,本文算法的味觉信号识别正确率更高、更有效.     

南方鲇上下颌须神经分支的电生理研究

南方鲇头面部的皮肤受外界机械和化学物质刺激时采用电生理技术记录其面神经主要感觉支(上下颌须神经)的诱发放电。结果表明:由须的基部到顶端上下颌须神经对机械刺激的反应频率和幅度逐渐增强;上颌须神经相对下颌须神经有更高的味觉敏感性,其反应的幅度和频率更大,且阈值较低变化率大。两者都有脱敏和适应性现象;上下颌须神经含有3种类型单纤维,这3类单纤维及其联系的味蕾感受器可能构成3种基本的味觉单元。     

黑斑蛙味觉器官形态学初步研究

用光镜和扫描电镜技术观察了黑斑蛙味觉器官味觉盘的分布和形态,结果表明：味觉盘主要分布于舌背面的菌状乳突的顶端,另外口腔顶壁的上皮层亦分布有少量味觉盘,舌背面的丝状乳突顶端的上皮层中主要为粘液细胞,本文还讨论了脊椎动物味觉器官的类型和形态学特征。     

与红外可视膜片钳技术相结合的南方鲇面叶脑片急性分离培养技术

探讨南方鲇初级味觉中枢—面叶脑片的急性分离与不同孵育液中体外培养方法,并建立硬骨鱼类脑片可视膜片钳技术,在脑片局部神经回路水平上深入研究鱼类味觉初级中枢神经元在信息编码中的生理功能,阐述鱼类味觉信号识别的机制。结果表明:①温度25℃、2 h以内、HEPES+Vc+TU+kynurenic acid+低钙脑脊液是最佳体外培养条件。②运用可视法脑片膜片钳实验技术发现南方鲇面叶神经元可分为两种类型。生理条件下,多数细胞处于静息状态,无或少频率适应现象。椭圆形比梨形神经元膜阻抗更高,诱发放电频率却较低。     

鳞翅目昆虫味觉受体基因研究进展

鳞翅目昆虫幼虫通过味觉感受器中的味觉神经元来感受外界的化学物质。味觉受体基因表达在味觉组织中,不同的味觉受体基因表达决定了昆虫幼虫的不同味觉感受。本文综述了鳞翅目昆虫幼虫的味觉受体基因研究近况,可为鳞翅目昆虫的味觉研究提供参考。     

燃放烟花爆竹能消毒? 9条“科学”流言榜辟谣

<正>阳康后可以吞芥末喝酱油唤醒味觉流言：新冠阳康后如果出现味觉减退，可以通过吞芥末、喝酱油来“唤醒”味觉。真相：新冠感染者若出现味觉、嗅觉的丧失，一般病程后两周到一个月即可自行转好。试图用各种刺激性的食物“以毒攻毒”去恢复味觉，是不可取的。吃各种刺激性的食物，还可能会损伤局部的口腔黏膜，甚至消化道的黏膜。     

浅谈鳞翅目昆虫幼虫对氨基酸等物质的味觉感受

鳞翅目昆虫幼虫通过味觉感受器中的味觉神经元来感受外界的化学物质。幼虫的味觉感受器中有不同的味觉神经元,其中有感受氨基酸和水的味觉神经元。氨基酸作为一种重要的营养物质,其敏感味觉神经元对于幼虫取食选择行为起着重要的作用。本文综述了鳞翅目幼虫对氨基酸等味觉物质的感受,可为防治鳞翅目害虫提供参考。     

不同等级黄连饮片味觉信息表征及其与总生物碱的相关性

目的:采用电子舌技术量化黄连味觉信息并考察其与总生物碱的相关性。方法:采集并加工得到不同产地黄连饮片,采用电子舌采集味觉信息,采用紫外分光光度法检测总生物碱含量,利用SPSS统计软件考察二者之间的相关性。结果:不同等级黄连饮片味觉信息差别不大,但总生物碱含量有差异,二者之间具有相关性。结论:总体上不同等级黄连总生物碱含量与其味觉信息呈负相关。     

微波诱导催化氧化-无极紫外光催化氧化联用技术处理印色废水X-3B

本实验将微波诱导催化氧化-光催化氧化联用技术用于染料废水的降解，考察了反应过程中染料脱色率、TOC去除率、pH值以及反应前后高效液相色谱图谱的变化情况。实验表明，该联用技术可以用来处理Ig／L的染料活性艳红X-3B溶液，吸咐1．5hr．处理9分钟时，效率比微波诱导催化氧化技术提高17％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.