基于超级节点模型的框架结构地震反应分析

众多钢筋混凝土梁柱组合体试验结果表明,节点内梁纵筋黏结滑移和节点区剪切变形对组合体试件的抗震性能有明显影响,但钢筋混凝土框架结构的非线性地震反应分析一般采用刚性节点假定,在有限元模型中忽略了上述两种节点非弹性变形的影响。基于OpenSees分析平台,采用较为精细的"超级节点单元模型"模拟节点非弹性反应,以典型平面框架结构为例分别建立考虑节点非弹性变形、不考虑节点变形的有限元模型,对比两个框架有限元模型在7条地震波作用下的整体、局部反应计算结果。分析结果表明:相对于不考虑节点变形的有限元模型,考虑节点非弹性变形后框架顶点位移最大值变化不明显,层间位移角最大值略有减小;由于部分梁端非弹性变形转移到节点区,杆端出铰率、转角延性系数减小;按中国现行规范设计的8度0.2g区二级抗震框架在大震下一般不会出现节点剪切失效。     

考虑节点域剪切变形的钢框架有限元分析

借助有限元分析软件MIDAS／Gen,将钢框架梁柱节点作为一个单独的单元,建立起了考虑节点域剪切变形钢框架结构的有限元模型．将考虑节点域剪切变形的模型与传统计算方法的计算结果进行对比,为较准确的钢框架结构分析计算提供参考．     

考虑节点非弹性变形的RC框架地震反应分析

钢筋混凝土梁柱组合体试验结果表明节点内纵筋滑移和节点剪切变形对组合体的抗震性能有明显影响,但框架的非弹性地震反应分析一般忽略了节点非弹性变形的影响.为了模拟节点区非弹性变形的影响,在纤维模型基础上采用在梁端附加零长度截面单元的方法,并通过σ-s本构模型考虑节点内梁纵筋粘结滑移,以及通过σ-sslip-shear本构模型同时考虑节点内纵筋滑移和节点剪切变形.考察了典型平面框架在罕遇地震下的非线性反应,对比分析了节点非弹性变形对框架整体和局部反应的影响.结果表明,考虑节点非弹性变形之后结构的最大顶点位移、最大层间位移角将增大或仅略有变化,梁端、柱端塑性铰数量将减少,梁、柱的转角延性需求总体而言将减小;地震作用下框架节点距离剪切失效尚有一定安全储备.框架地震反应大时忽略节点非弹性变形将导致明显误差,地震反应较小时可采用不考虑节点非弹性变形的常规有限元分析模型.     

考虑锈蚀损伤的钢框架节点恢复力模型研究

为了研究酸性大气环境下锈蚀钢框架梁柱节点的抗震性能,对6榀钢框架梁柱节点试件进行了酸性大气环境加速腐蚀试验和拟静力加载试验,分析了不同锈蚀程度钢框架梁柱节点的滞回特性.试验结果表明,随着锈蚀程度的加重,试件强度、刚度、延性及滞回耗能等力学与抗震性能不断劣化.通过分析试验结果,得到钢框架梁柱节点核心区弯矩-剪切转角三折线骨架曲线,并根据未锈蚀节点试件恢复力模型的特征参数,得到了考虑钢材锈蚀损伤的钢框架梁柱节点核心区骨架曲线特征点计算公式.引入基于滞回耗能的循环退化指数βi,提出了适用于遭受锈蚀循环损伤的钢框架梁柱节点的滞回规则,进而建立了可综合考虑试件强度、刚度循环退化效应的锈蚀钢框架梁柱节点恢复力模型.将理论滞回曲线与试验结果进行对比,结果表明两者间具有较高的吻合度,进一步验证了所建立的考虑锈蚀损伤的钢框架节点恢复力模型具有较好的适用性.研究成果可为酸性大气环境下在役钢框架结构的地震反应分析及抗震性能评估提供理论参考.     

半刚性连接钢框架的时程分析

为了探讨不同梁柱节点钢框架抗震性能的差别,通过ANSYS分析软件,对结合工程实际设计的10个系列共50个有限元试件进行时间历程分析,来探讨框架层数、框架跨数,尤其是梁柱连接节点的转动刚度等参数对钢框架抗震性能的影响.分析表明:半刚性钢框架结构在地震荷载作用下具有良好的抗震性能.     

半刚性节点连接钢框架的抗震性能研究

钢框架中梁柱的节点连接一直是钢结构抗震设计中难以处理的问题,在现行的钢框架结构设计中,通常把梁柱连接处理为完全刚接或理想铰接,但是在多数实际工程中,钢框架节点的性能处于刚接和铰接之间,即半刚性连接.利用SAP 2000分别建立了刚接和不同转动刚度的半刚性连接钢框架有限元分析模型,并进行了模态分析、反应谱分析以及循环荷载作用下的滞回性能分析.根据数据结果绘制层间剪力、层间位移和楼层位移曲线,探讨了节点刚度对整体钢框架结构抗震性能的影响,通过分析滞回曲线和骨架曲线来研究节点的耗能性能,以期为日后的钢框架设计提供一定参考.     

Y形偏心支撑钢框架SAP2000非线性分析模型

为研究Y形偏心支撑钢框架结构的弹塑性性能,根据剪切耗能梁段恢复力特性和钢框架的力学性能,提出符合抗震规范的耗能梁段独立剪切铰参数的定义方法,建立Y形偏心支撑钢框架SAP2000非线性塑性铰分析模型.通过3个模型试件在循环荷载下的骨架曲线和有限元分析的PUSHOVER曲线的对比,论证模型的合理性.结果表明,本文提出的改进塑性铰模型能够较为合理地反映Y形偏心支撑钢框架结构的非线性性能.     

钢骨-钢管混凝土梁柱节点动力性能的ANSYS有限元分析

目的确定一种新型的梁柱节点—钢骨-钢管混凝土梁柱节点在低周反复荷载作用下的破坏形态和滞回曲线.方法采用有限元分析软件ANSYS为工作平台,基于非线性有限元分析理论,对该新型节点进行研究.结果构件最后破坏时,节点区的钢管壁产生了严重的扭曲变形,使模型的实体单元遭到严重破坏.结论有限元计算的应力分布发展状况和节点区的破坏状况与文献试验结果吻合良好;有限元计算的P-△滞回曲线也与试验结果吻合良好,且P-△滞回曲线比较饱满,延性和抗震性能比较好。     

偏心支撑钢框架支撑节点设计的必要性

偏心支撑钢框架结构体系在水平荷载作用下只要求耗能梁段发生屈服,而梁柱等其他构件不允许出现屈服。文章在对试验模型进行有限元分析中发现,在水平荷载作用下支撑下节点板件也出现了屈服现象;为了减小此部位应力及使此模型满足抗震要求,对支撑的节点进行了设计,设计后模型在水平荷载作用下支撑节点应力明显减小,满足了抗震要求。研究结果表明了偏心支撑钢框架支撑节点设计的必要性,对偏心支撑钢框架结构体系的研究和应用有一定的参考意义。     

考虑钢梁翼缘断裂的组合框架抗震性能分析

基于钢-混凝土组合框架抗震性能试验,考虑材料、几何及接触非线性,采用Msc.Marc建立了钢-混凝土组合框架的有限元分析模型.有限元模型中引入基于应变的钢梁翼缘断裂准则,能够较好地模拟钢梁翼缘的断裂现象.有限元模型的整体及局部计算结果均与试验结果吻合良好.在试验验证的基础上,对有限元模型进行参数分析,研究了楼板宽度、剪力连接程度、轴压比等参数对钢-混凝土组合框架刚度、强度及延性的影响.研究发现,在试验及3维建模中,为了准确反映楼板对组合框架抗震性能的影响,楼板宽度至少应取为跨度的1/4;轴压比对组合框架延性有较大影响;楼板厚度、剪力连接程度对组合框架抗震性能影响较小.结合相关组合结构设计规范,讨论了各项参数的合理取值,对组合框架抗震设计提出了建议.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-