TiO_2/S_2O_8~(2-)-沸石分子筛催化合成硬脂酸正丁酯的研究

用TiO2/S2O2-8 -沸石分子筛作催化剂,由硬脂酸和正丁醇发生酯化反应来合成硬脂酸正丁酯。考察了各种因素对酯化反应的影响,得到了反应的最佳条件:当醇和酸的物质的量之比为3∶1、TiO2/S2O2-8 沸石分子筛的用量为反应物质量的2.0%、反应温度为85 ℃时,反应仅需约2.5 h,酯化率可达到98.7%,酯的纯度>99.1%。     

乙烯基功能化微孔SAPO-11分子筛的合成与结构表征

以乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷为唯一硅源,探讨各种反应条件对合成乙烯基功能化SAPO-11分子筛的影响.初始反应物摩尔比为Al2O3∶P2O5∶WD-20∶DPA∶H2O∶C2H5OH=1.0∶1.0∶0.75∶2.0∶30∶30,在弱酸性环境的水/醇水解体系下,200℃晶化72 h后可成功地合成出乙烯基功能化SAPO- 11分子筛.产物经XRD、TEM、FT-IR、TGA、XRF等表征分析,乙烯基基团已被成功引入到无机SAPO-11的骨架中.     

稠油油溶性降黏剂ASAM/C/O的合成与评价

分析了造成稠油高黏的原因及降黏剂的降黏机理,对降黏剂的分子结构进行设计.先以丙烯酸(A)、苯乙烯(S)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料合成了中间产物——三元共聚物ASAM,然后以ASAM、多元醇、长链烷基酸为原料通过两步酯化反应合成了一种稠油油溶性降黏剂ASAM/C/O.通过正交实验确定出中间产物ASAM的最佳合成条件:单体质量比m(丙烯酸)∶m(苯乙烯)∶m(丙烯酰胺)为6∶3∶2,引发剂质量分数1.3%,反应时间为6 h.降黏剂ASAM/C/O的最佳合成条件∶m(ASAM)∶m(C)∶m(O)取6∶2∶1.5,长链烷基酸的碳链长度取18,反应温度在110～120℃之间,反应时间为6 h左右.降黏剂ASAM/C/O具有较好的降黏效果;降黏率与温度有关,随温度降低,降黏率升高;加剂处理后稠油体系的活化能大幅度降低,说明体系内的结构强度减弱.     

SAPO-11分子筛合成条件的探究

从铝源、物料加入方式、晶化温度与时间以及铝磷比五个方面探究了SAPO-11分子筛合成的最佳条件。通过XRD、粒径分析和SEM对样品进行了表征。结果表明,以拟薄水铝石为铝源,物料配比为n(Al2O3)∶n(P2O5)∶n(DPA)∶n(SiO2)∶n(H2O)=1.5∶1∶1.2∶0.3∶120,用物料加入方式III配置混合溶液,180℃晶化24h,可合成出高纯度和高结晶度的SAPO-11分子筛。     

HZSM-5?SAPO-11复合分子筛的合成及催化乙醇脱水制乙烯

合成了一系列HZSM-5/SAPO-11复合分子筛,研究了原料配比、模板剂及晶化时间等合成条件对HZSM-5/SAPO-11复合分子筛的形成及催化乙醇脱水性能的影响,比较了复合分子筛和HZSM-5分子筛的催化稳定性。研究确定了复合分子筛的最佳合成条件:原料质量配比为二正丙胺m(DPA)∶m(HZSM-5)∶m(Al_2O_3)=8∶4∶1,二正丙胺为模板剂,晶化时间为24h.复合分子筛表现出良好的乙醇脱水催化性能,反应150h,催化活性基本没有下降,乙醇转化率和乙烯选择性均保持在95%左右。     

Ni改性SAPO-11分子筛择形催化2-甲基萘烷基化制2,6-二甲基萘

采用水热法以n_Al2O3∶n_{DPA（二正丙胺）}∶n_P2O5∶n_SiO2∶n_H2O=10∶10∶10∶0.2∶43制备了SAPO-11分子筛,使用等体积浸渍法负载金属Ni改性SAPO-11分子筛.通过XRD,SEM,N₂吸附-脱附和NH₃-TPD对SAPO-11分子筛催化剂进行了理化性质的表征.在400℃,3.5 MPa, 2-甲基萘（2-MN）重时空速（WHSV）为0.5 h^-1的条件下,考察了负载Ni不同量的SAPO-11分子筛催化剂的烷基化活性.结果表明,2%Ni/SAPO-11分子筛催化剂具有最高的选择性及2,6-/2,7-DMN比(即2,6-二甲基萘（2,6-DMN）和2,7-二甲基萘（2,7-DMN）的物质的量之比),反应7 h后,分别可以达到46%和2.04.SAPO-1...     

TiO2/S2O2-8-沸石分子筛催化合成硬脂酸正丁酯的研究

用TiO2/S2O2-8-沸石分子筛作催化剂,由硬脂酸和正丁醇发生酯化反应来合成硬脂酸正丁酯.考察了各种因素对酯化反应的影响,得到了反应的最佳条件:当醇和酸的物质的量之比为3:1、TiO2/S2O2-8-沸石分子筛的用量为反应物质量的2.0%、反应温度为85℃时,反应仅需约2.5h,酯化率可达到98.7%,酯的纯度＞99.1%.     

SO42-/TiO2-MoO3催化合成苯甲醛1,2-丙二醇缩醛

报道了以 SO42 -/Ti O2 -Mo O3 为催化剂 ,对以苯甲醛和 1 ,2 -丙二醇为原料合成苯甲醛 1 ,2 -丙二醇缩醛的反应条件进行了研究 .结果表明 ,SO42 -/Ti O2 - Mo O3 具有良好的催化活性 ,最佳反应条件为 :苯甲醛与 1 ,2 -丙二醇物质的量比为 1∶ 1 .1 ,催化剂的用量为反应物料总量的 0 .2 5 % ,反应时间 5 0 min,上述条件下 ,苯甲醛 1 ,2 -丙二醇缩醛的产率为 77.3% .     

无导向剂法合成高结晶度NaY分子筛

以工业级水玻璃和铝酸钠为原料,采用水热法,在无导向剂的条件下通过硅铝胶自导向合成相对结晶度高的Na Y分子筛,并采用XRD等手段对合成产物进行了结构和性质表征.考察了原料配比、陈化时间、陈化温度、晶化时间、晶化温度等合成条件对Na Y分子筛相对结晶度的影响.结果表明:在凝胶物质的量的比为7 Na2O∶Al2O3∶10 Si O2∶180H2O、陈化时间3 h、陈化温度40℃、晶化温度100℃和晶化时间14 h的优化条件下,合成了相对结晶度为161.1%的Na Y分子筛.     

CuO/CeO2/ZSM-5催化剂的合成、表征及催化性能的研究

以ZSM - 5分子筛为载体用浸渍法混合负载Cu、Ce ,研制出一种复氧化物分子筛催化剂MxOy/ZSM - 5(Cu、Ce) .考察了它对液相合成乙酸丁酯反应的催化活性 ,并探讨了催化剂的制备条件对催化活性的影响 ,用IR、DTA、TG、ICP、比表面仪等技术对催化剂进行表征 .结果表明 :在Cu∶Ce =3∶1,T =12 0℃ ,酸∶醇 =1∶2 ,催化剂用量为 3g ,t =6h时 ,乙酸丁酯的产率高达 96 % ,且催化剂制备成本低 ,催化剂热稳定性好 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.