二维Bose-Einstein凝聚中孤波的非线性特性

主要研究了盘状势阱中二维Bose-Einstein凝聚(BEC)的孤立波.在平均场理论下,由BEC所满足的Gross-Pitaevkii方程出发导出了二维的非线性Schrdinger方程.运用约化摄动法得到了电子声孤波的KdV方程,从而得到孤波解.发现散射长度与玻色子之间相互作用的耦合参数与孤立波有关系.     

一维周期量子阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的特性研究

一维周期量子阱中的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚可以用非线性薛定谔方程即定态Gross-Pitaevskii方程来描述,对于这个方程可以得到一组精确非线性布洛赫解,利用这组精确解文章对一维周期量子阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的特性进行了详细的研究,如有效质量、压缩率、声速等物理量,同时还研究了凝聚体在一维周期量子阱中的集体激发和量子损耗,并得到了这些物理量随势阱深度和非线性相互作用的变化关系。     

电子在掺杂GaAs/GaAlAs斐波那契量子阱中波函数和能量性质

本文利用转移矩阵和边界条件精确计算一维定态薛定谔方程,推导出一维斐波那契量子阱结构中电子波函数的计算条件.考虑了在势阱中掺杂的情况,并且认为势阱中掺杂仅仅只是改变势阱的宽度.在半导体材料的参数范围内,进一步研究了势阱宽度对一维掺杂斐波那契量子阱结构的电子能量本征值的影响.     

3体作用下2耦合Bose-Einstein 凝聚的混沌动力学行为

研究了双势阱束缚下具有含时原子散射长度的弱耦合BEC系统.考虑了2种情况:对应着无含时情况下,系统有一个稳定的静态解;对应没有含时情况下,系统有2个稳定的静态解和一个不稳定的静态解.在含时情况下,混沌会在系统中出现,讨论了其动力学行为.     

一维模型原子高次谐波特性研究

通过数值计算求解含时的薛定谔方程,研究了在隧道电离区域16个激光脉冲作用于不同势阱势函数对应的一维模型原子产生的高次谐波特性,结果表明：在隧道电离区域势函数势阱的形状对一维模型原子的高次谐波强度产生较大影响,同时谐波的平台宽度的高阶区域也受到势函数的影响.     

一维实空间坐标下聚乙炔的电子结构性质研究

利用Kronig-Penny方势阱模型,通过求解实空间坐标下的薛定谔方程,对聚乙炔的电子结构性质进行了研究,给出了其在基态及各种激发态的能带结构、电子波函数、态密度等物理量,使得导电高分子聚合物的各种非线性元激发态的物理图像更明确、直观.     

一维简谐势阱中超冷费米气体的孤子解及其稳定性

利用虚时演化算法研究了准一维简谐势阱中的超冷费米气体,发现在超冷费米气体的不同超流态上孤子空间分布存在明显的差异.在BCS端,随着弱吸引相互作用逐渐增大,孤子的峰值不断增大,宽度不断变小;在分子BEC端,随着弱排斥相互作用逐渐增大,孤子的峰值不断减小,宽度不断增大;并且在BCS端的孤子峰值大于分子BEC端孤子的峰值,而孤子宽度却小于分子BEC端的孤子宽度.此外,通过非线性实时演化方法对超冷费米气体中孤子的稳定性进行了分析,即使给波函数乘以一个强扰动因子,不同超流态上的孤子依然能够稳定传播.     

附加δ势垒对一维半无限深势阱影响的研究

通过对添加δ势垒的一维半无限深势阱的薛定谔方程进行求解，得到了粒子运动的波函数和能级的相关公式，分析发现，δ势垒的添加以及它的强度与位置的变化对能级都有影响。对比不含δ势垒的一维半无限深势阱的能级，探究δ势垒的添加对原能级产生的影响，并利用Mathematica作图来直观显示这一影响。     

一维对称势阱定态薛定谔方程的解

一维对称势阱定态薛定谔方程的解余雷（贵州师大物理系贵阳５５０００１）解一维对称势阱的定态薛定谔方程是量子力学的一个基本问题，许多作者都用自己的方法处理过该问题［１］，［２］．本文从量子力学的基本假设出发，尽可能广泛地研究此方程的解。质量为ｍ的粒子在宽...     

一维 FPU 晶格模型中的孤子研究

在长波近似的条件下运用多重尺度方法对一维非线性原子链中的孤子进行了研究，将经典FPU晶格模型的运动学方程转化成了标准的非线性薛定谔方程。结果表明在一定的条件下一维非线性原子链中存在明暗孤子。     

Effective mass approach for a Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice

We study the stationary and propagating solutions for a Bose-Einstein condensate （BEC） in a periodic optical potential with an additional confining optical or magnetic potential. Using an effective mass approximation we express the condensate wave function in terms of slowly-varying envelopes modulating the Bloch modes of the optical lattice. In the limit of a weak nonlinearity, we derive a nonlinear Schrodinger equation for propagation of the envelope function which does not contain the rapid oscillation of the lattice. We then consider the ground state solutions in detail in the regime of weak, moderate and strong nonlinear interactions. We describe the form of solution which is appropriate in each regime, and place careful limits on the validity of each type of solution. Finally we extend the study to the propagating dynamics of a spinor atomic BEC in an optical lattice and some interesting phenomena are revealed.     

Formation and propagation of matter-wave soliton trains

Attraction between the atoms of a Bose-Einstein condensate renders it unstable to collapse, although a condensate with a limited number of atoms can be stabilized by confinement in an atom trap. However, beyond this number the condensate collapses. Condensates constrained to one-dimensional motion with attractive interactions are predicted to form stable solitons, in which the attractive forces exactly compensate for wave-packet dispersion. Here we report the formation of bright solitons of (7)Li atoms in a quasi-one-dimensional optical trap, by magnetically tuning the interactions in a stable Bose-Einstein condensate from repulsive to attractive. The solitons are set in motion by offsetting the optical potential, and are observed to propagate in the potential for many oscillatory cycles without spreading. We observe a soliton train, containing many solitons; repulsive interactions between neighbouring solitons are inferred from their motion.     

Bose-Einstein condensation of photons in an optical microcavity

Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC)-the macroscopic ground-state accumulation of particles with integer spin (bosons) at low temperature and high density-has been observed in several physical systems, including cold atomic gases and solid-state quasiparticles. However, the most omnipresent Bose gas, blackbody radiation (radiation in thermal equilibrium with the cavity walls) does not show this phase transition. In such systems photons have a vanishing chemical potential, meaning that their number is not conserved when the temperature of the photon gas is varied; at low temperatures, photons disappear in the cavity walls instead of occupying the cavity ground state. Theoretical works have considered thermalization processes that conserve photon number (a prerequisite for BEC), involving Compton scattering with a gas of thermal electrons or photon-photon scattering in a nonlinear resonator configuration. Number-conserving thermalization was experimentally observed for a two-dimensional photon gas in a dye-filled optical microcavity, which acts as a 'white-wall' box. Here we report the observation of a Bose-Einstein condensate of photons in this system. The cavity mirrors provide both a confining potential and a non-vanishing effective photon mass, making the system formally equivalent to a two-dimensional gas of trapped, massive bosons. The photons thermalize to the temperature of the dye solution (room temperature) by multiple scattering with the dye molecules. Upon increasing the photon density, we observe the following BEC signatures: the photon energies have a Bose-Einstein distribution with a massively populated ground-state mode on top of a broad thermal wing; the phase transition occurs at the expected photon density and exhibits the predicted dependence on cavity geometry; and the ground-state mode emerges even for a spatially displaced pump spot. The prospects of the observed effects include studies of extremely weakly interacting low-dimensional Bose gases and new coherent ultraviolet sources.     

Direct observation of Anderson localization of matter waves in a controlled disorder

In 1958, Anderson predicted the localization of electronic wavefunctions in disordered crystals and the resulting absence of diffusion. It is now recognized that Anderson localization is ubiquitous in wave physics because it originates from the interference between multiple scattering paths. Experimentally, localization has been reported for light waves, microwaves, sound waves and electron gases. However, there has been no direct observation of exponential spatial localization of matter waves of any type. Here we observe exponential localization of a Bose-Einstein condensate released into a one-dimensional waveguide in the presence of a controlled disorder created by laser speckle. We operate in a regime of pure Anderson localization, that is, with weak disorder-such that localization results from many quantum reflections of low amplitude-and an atomic density low enough to render interactions negligible. We directly image the atomic density profiles as a function of time, and find that weak disorder can stop the expansion and lead to the formation of a stationary, exponentially localized wavefunction-a direct signature of Anderson localization. We extract the localization length by fitting the exponential wings of the profiles, and compare it to theoretical calculations. The power spectrum of the one-dimensional speckle potentials has a high spatial frequency cutoff, causing exponential localization to occur only when the de Broglie wavelengths of the atoms in the expanding condensate are greater than an effective mobility edge corresponding to that cutoff. In the opposite case, we find that the density profiles decay algebraically, as predicted in ref. 13. The method presented here can be extended to localization of atomic quantum gases in higher dimensions, and with controlled interactions.     

脉冲预泵浦瑞利BOTDA系统的瞬态解析方法

为了解决空间分辨率和频率测量精度之间的矛盾,将脉冲预泵浦的概念引入瑞利布里渊光时域分析系统,建立了运用瞬态受激布里渊散射耦合波方程组描述该系统的数学模型。采用时域有限差分法求解了瞬态受激布里渊散射耦合波方程,仿真拟合了常微分方程组的时域幅值解,并实验验证了脉冲预泵浦瑞利布里渊光时域分析系统散射光功率谱和理论的一致性。结果表明,传感脉冲光、瑞利散射光和声波场三波幅值拟合方程的均方根误差可达0.003 097、0.005 717和0.020 75,沿光纤长度该系统功率谱呈现出携带布里渊信息的瑞利散射特性,可实现光纤温度和应变的传感检测。     

Bose-Einstein condensation on a microelectronic chip

Although Bose-Einstein condensates of ultracold atoms have been experimentally realizable for several years, their formation and manipulation still impose considerable technical challenges. An all-optical technique that enables faster production of Bose-Einstein condensates was recently reported. Here we demonstrate that the formation of a condensate can be greatly simplified using a microscopic magnetic trap on a chip. We achieve Bose-Einstein condensation inside the single vapour cell of a magneto-optical trap in as little as 700 ms-more than a factor of ten faster than typical experiments, and a factor of three faster than the all-optical technique. A coherent matter wave is emitted normal to the chip surface when the trapped atoms are released into free fall; alternatively, we couple the condensate into an 'atomic conveyor belt', which is used to transport the condensed cloud non-destructively over a macroscopic distance parallel to the chip surface. The possibility of manipulating laser-like coherent matter waves with such an integrated atom-optical system holds promise for applications in interferometry, holography, microscopy, atom lithography and quantum information processing.     

求取稳态轴对称引力场中二重逆散射方法的非对角波函数

应用稳态轴对称真空引力场的二重逆散射方法,可以从巳知种子解的逆解散射波函数生成新解,二重逆散射方法的关键是求其合适的“二重波函数”,以前的波函数都是对角的并具有局限性,将散射波函数φok推广为一种任意矩阵的形式,这种新的方法解决了以往求取散射波函数的一个特例。     

准二维条件下G-P方程的数值求解

探讨了准二维条件下玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的模型,给出了准二维条件下体系所满足的G-P方程,利用Crank-Nicolson算法对含时间的G-P方程进行了数值求解。结果表明,不论原子的散射长度是正还是负,玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体都能够形成。     

淀粉品质的简易快速测定方法及装置

分析了淀粉糊与糊化温度及检测装置的实际情况，讨论了淀粉糊与糊化温度对水浴的影响．在检测过程中提出了对4种淀粉样品测试可缩短沸水浴时间，给出了一种造价低、实用性广且能对淀粉品质进行简易快速测定的实验装置，并从Dyndall散射和分子散射两方面，对使用波长为635nm的单一光源进行了理论探讨．     

Collapse and revival of the matter wave field of a Bose-Einstein condensate

A Bose-Einstein condensate represents the most 'classical' form of a matter wave, just as an optical laser emits the most classical form of an electromagnetic wave. Nevertheless, the matter wave field has a quantized structure owing to the granularity of the discrete underlying atoms. Although such a field is usually assumed to be intrinsically stable (apart from incoherent loss processes), this is no longer true when the condensate is in a coherent superposition of different atom number states. For example, in a Bose-Einstein condensate confined by a three-dimensional optical lattice, each potential well can be prepared in a coherent superposition of different atom number states, with constant relative phases between neighbouring lattice sites. It is then natural to ask how the individual matter wave fields and their relative phases evolve. Here we use such a set-up to investigate these questions experimentally, observing that the matter wave field of the Bose-Einstein condensate undergoes a periodic series of collapses and revivals; this behaviour is directly demonstrated in the dynamical evolution of the multiple matter wave interference pattern. We attribute the oscillations to the quantized structure of the matter wave field and the collisions between individual atoms.