多电极电磁流量计用于非轴对称流的测量

为解决两电极电磁流量计对于速度非轴对称分布的敏感问题,基于Shercliff权函数提出区域权函数概念,研究其计算方法并设计出多电极电磁流量计．通过多电极传感器测量不同位置的弦端电压,计算管道截面各区域的局部轴向平均速度,并实现体积流量的测量．介绍了多电极电磁流量计传感器设计,通过测量偏流发生器下游的非轴对称单相流及倾斜管固一液两相流,证明该设计对于非轴对称流具有较高的流量测量精度及可靠的速度分布测量结果．     

产气井内气液两相流流量测量方法

针对大庆油田气井内广泛存在的气液两相流流量测量问题,提出了伞集流式涡轮流量计与电导传感器组合的气液两相流流量测量方法,并采集了104组不同流动工况下气液两相流的涡轮和电导波动信号．采用从电导波动信号中提取的吸引子形态特征量对伞集流后测量通道内的气液两相流流型进行辨识,取得了较好的流型分类效果．在总流量为0．1～2．5m^3／h、含水率为0．04～0．97范围内,基于气液两相流涡轮波动信号建立了总流量测量模型,预测总流量绝对平均相对误差为7．9％．从电导传感器测取的波动信号提取了与相含率有关的时频域特征量,通过支持向量机软测量模型实现了含水率预测,预测含水率绝对平均误差为0．038．研究结果表明,采用伞集流涡轮流量计与电导传感器组合可以较好地测量气液两相流流量和相含率．     

插入式电磁流量计信号作用范围的研究

运用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,对插入式电磁流量计插入大口径管道的探头进行三维仿真实验,研究两电极在管道中采集到的有效信号的范围。提出了用于表征真实信号作用的等效信号范围的概念和确定方法,得出了插入式电磁流量计采集到的等效信号范围是由自身硬件结构决定而不随来流速度变化的结论,为通过CFD定量分析插入式电磁流量计管内流场变化奠定了基础。     

高含气率条件下V锥流量计的压力恢复特性

针对高含气率条件下V锥流量计内气液相分布及对V锥下游压力恢复影响进行了实验研究,考查了不同流型的来流以及节流比对气液相分布的影响,获得了不同节流比V锥流量计的压力恢复长度。研究表明:气液两相流流经V锥后,其流动状态可能发生转变,节流比越小,来流的变化越明显;流态的变化直接影响V锥流量计内的压力分布,气液两相流条件下V锥流量计所需的压力恢复长度与单相流体相比较短。对于节流比为0.45的V锥流量计,高含气率条件下,下游压力在6D(D为管道内径)处可以恢复,部分工况下,压力在下游3D处也可恢复,而节流比为0.55、0.65和0.75的V锥流量计,压力在下游3D处即可恢复。研究结果可为开发基于单V锥节流元件的气液两相流量在线测量方法提供技术支撑。     

基于PVT法的小通道气液两相流段塞流的流量测量

针对小通道气液两相流段塞流,将常规通道的压力-体积-温度测量法(PVT法)应用于两相流流量测量研究。利用光电传感器、温度传感器以及差压传感器采集上、下游位置的气液两相流流速信号、温度信号和压力信号,然后根据PVT法测量原理实现气液两相流流量测量。实验中采用的小通道内径为5.0 mm。研究结果表明:本文提出的将PVT法应用于小通道气液两相流段塞流流量测量的方法是可行的,两相流互相关流速测量最大相对误差在6%以内,两相流液相流量测量最大相对误差在10%以内。     

基于相关法的气-液两相流流型的模糊判别方法

气液两相管流流型的自动识别一直是多相流研究中倍受关注的问题 ,而相关法在气液两相流流量的计量中得到了广泛的应用。在一座试验室规模的多相流综合测试环道上 ,由多传感器系统测得气液两相流动的差压波动信号 ,通过计算传感器间的互相关函数 ,并运用模糊数学理论进行了流型的在线自动识别。实验结果表明 ,此方法是可行的     

电磁搅拌钢包内气泡聚并破裂行为

结合气液两相流欧拉模型与考虑气泡破碎聚并的颗粒群平衡模型,研究了电磁搅拌下底吹钢包内流场分布及气泡尺寸分布.结果表明:搅拌器向上搅拌时钢包内形成一个大循环流场,而向下搅拌时钢包内形成了一个大的回流区和一个小的回流区.钢包内气泡分布为气液两相区中心区域气泡直径最大,气液两相区边界处直径较小,且从气液两相区中心到气液边界气泡直径逐渐减小.电流越大,气液两相区域在垂直方向上偏转程度越大,而且电流越大,气液两相区中心大气泡分布区域也越大.电磁搅拌器向下搅拌时气液两相中心区域大气泡直径分布区域小于向上搅拌.大气泡偏转程度小于小气泡,大气泡偏向钢包中心轴线一侧.     

变制冷剂流量制冷循环性能与气液两相流流型的研究

实验应用流动显示方法,发现变制冷剂流量制冷循环的蒸发器入口(也是膨胀阀出口)的制冷剂流动存在两类不同的气液两相流流型--液气分相流和泡气分相流,并且存在流型转变的过渡区域.在不同的气液两相流流型时,变制冷剂流量制冷循环的制冷量、过热度、排气温度等性能截然不同,在流型转变的过渡区域,制冷循环处于波动之中.     

XF-2005气液两相流流量计及其在油井中的应用

基于密度测试计算原理, 采用油、 气、 水不分离计量技术, 利用计量气液多相混合流体流量和混合流体组分的方法设计了一种气液两相流流量计, 实现了油、 气、 水混合流体流量的分别计量.     

XF-2005气液两相流流量计及其在油井中的应用

基于密度测试计算原理,采用油、气、水不分离计量技术,利用计量气液多相混合流体流量和混合流体组分的方法设计了一种气液两相流流量计,实现了油、气、水混合流体流量的分别计量.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.