反硝化型厌氧甲烷氧化耦合厌氧氨氧化脱氮工艺研究进展

反硝化型厌氧甲烷氧化(Denitrifying Anaerobic Methane Oxidation, DAMO)耦合厌氧氨氧化(Anaerobic ammonium oxidation, Anammox)脱氮工艺在实现能源废水处理方面具有很大的潜力。DAMO-Anammox脱氮工艺能同时将甲烷、氨氮和硝酸盐转化为无害的N₂和CO₂,在无需额外能量消耗下实现废水中的碳氮循环,有望成为未来环境友好型废水处理的主要技术。本文讨论了DAMO-Anammox微生物的协同和竞争机制,不同电子受体的类型对脱氮过程中微生物胞外电子传递机制及脱氮除甲烷效率的影响,指出了目前DAMO-Anammox脱氮工艺存在的功能微生物富集困难、气液传质效率差和脱氮性能不足等应用瓶颈,总结了如新型反应器构型的设计、人工电子中介体投入和电化学强化等相对应的改进策略,为该工艺的进一步研究和规模化应用提供参考。     

黄贮玉米秸秆厌氧发酵产沼气试验研究

为探索生物预处理对秸秆发酵产沼气的影响,以玉米秸秆为原料,分别添加0. 5‰微生物菌剂、1‰微生物菌剂、5%木薯酒糟和10%木薯酒糟进行黄贮;研究在高温(50℃)半连续发酵条件下,黄贮秸秆厌氧发酵产沼气特征。结果表明在发酵系统总固体(TS) 8%条件下,黄贮过程中添加微生物菌剂或木薯酒糟均能显著地提高产气率;添加10%木薯酒糟的产气率高于添加1%的微生物菌剂,且甲烷含量达到最高。在秸秆沼气生产中,可通过微生物菌剂或木薯酒糟的添加改善秸秆预处理效果,提高生产效益。     

体外产气法研究植物精油对水牛瘤胃发酵和甲烷生成的影响

为探讨植物精油对水牛瘤胃体外发酵的影响,本研究采用体外产气法初步研究了不同植物油对水牛瘤胃发酵过程中甲烷和二氧化碳生成及微生物蛋白和pH的影响。与对照组相比结果表明:1)在相同添加浓度下,桂皮油在发酵过程中基本抑制了甲烷生成(P0.05),也显著降低了二氧化碳产量(P0.05),微生物蛋白含量减少了15%;2)薄荷油在发酵12 h、24 h均显著抑制甲烷生成(P0.05),对二氧化碳产量稍有降低,但差异不显著;在发酵36 h,抑制甲烷效果不明显,二氧化碳反而显著降低(P0.05)。微生物蛋白含量则减少了12.8%;3)生姜油和丁香油的抑制甲烷效果不明显,只在发酵12 h,有部分降甲烷效果,之后反而促进了甲烷生成;4)5种精油中,只有辣椒油处理组发酵液pH显著降低,其它对pH值影响不大,但辣椒油无抑制甲烷效果。     

地方成果

固定化微生物曝气生物滤池废水处理技术固定化微生物曝气生物滤池(IBAF技术)新型废水处理技术经过对化工污水、炼化污水、焦化污水及生化污水等高难度生产污水的处理研究,处理出水皆可达到国家一级排放标准。与传统生化处理技术相比,IBAF技术具有处理容积负荷高、水力停留时间短、处理效率高、耐冲击性能强、运行稳定、占地面积小、管理方便等优点,并可使运行成本降低约30％,对工业污水和城市污水,尤其是高难度有机污水的处理与传统生物法污水处理技术相比具有不可替代的技术优势。     

微生物在废水处理技术中的应用现状

微生物技术是一种有效的废水生物处理技术,微生物在废水处理中的应用包括:高效厌氧技术在印染废水处理中的应用、生物制剂在废水处理中的应用、膜生物反应器在废水处理中的应用、陶瓷膜超滤术在含油废水处理中的应用等。     

微生物在废水处理技术中的应用现状

微生物技术是一种有效的废水生物处理技术,微生物在废水处理中的应用包括：高效厌氧技术在印染废水处理中的应用、生物制剂在废水处理中的应用、膜生物反应器在废水处理中的应用、陶瓷膜超滤术在含油废水处理中的应用等。     

微生物燃料电池在污水处理方面的应用研究进展

近年来微生物燃料电池技术在国外接连取得突破性研究成果, 并迅速成为新概念废水处理的热点.介绍了微生物燃料电池技术的原理和特点, 系统综述了该项技术的研究进展, 重点总结了在微生物、介体与电极材料研究等方面的最新研究进展, 分析了存在的问题, 在此基础上指出微生物燃料电池技术研究的重点突破方向.     

碳硫比及碳源种类调控重力排水管道内甲烷及硫化氢排放特征

为了探究C/S及碳源种类对重力排水官网中释放的甲烷和H2S的影响,本研究构建模拟重力排水管网,通过更改进水C/S和碳源种类分析了甲烷,H2S释放的释放特征及管网生物膜微生物的群落结构。结果表明C/S由4增加至8时,甲烷和H2S的释放量由15.9 g和0.9 g下降至7.4g和0.3g,然而进一步升高C/S至16时,甲烷和H2S的释放量显著提高。微生物种群分析揭示C/S提高促进了Desulfonema的相对丰度。碳源影响分析表明相较于乙酸盐,SRB更易利用丙酸盐作为电子供体生产H2S。酶活性分析进一步揭示丙酸盐更易作为硫酸盐还原菌SRB的电子供体。     

包埋固定化微生物在废水处理中的应用

随着固定化技术处理废水的不断发展,包埋固定化微生物在环境治理领域中显示了独特的优势和巨大的潜力;主要介绍了包埋固定化微生物技术的特点,探讨了包埋固定化技术在废水处理中的研究,综述了包埋固定化微生物技术的现状及其不足,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

几种植物提取物对瘤胃体外培养物甲烷生成的影响

采用体外瘤胃培养技术,研究凤仙花、青蒿等植物提取物的降甲烷效果.比较培养瓶中甲烷浓度,4种植物提取物与对照比较均可以显著降低甲烷生成,培养30 h时,青蒿、蒲公英、麻黄和凤仙花处理的甲烷含量分别比对照降低24.0%、30.9%、41.7%和46.21%.凤仙花效果最明显,与莫能菌素效果接近.比较凤仙花提取物不同添加量对...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.