高强钢外伸式端板节点火灾性能试验与数值分析

对1个Q690和2个Q960高强钢外伸式端板连接节点进行高温550℃下的足尺模型试验研究和有限元模拟分析,并将试验结果与采用欧洲现行钢结构设计规范EN 1993-1-8的计算结果及有限元分析结果进行对比.结果表明,550℃时,Q690和Q960高强钢端板连接节点的承载力分别为常温时的45%和46%,初始转动刚度为常温时的57%和65%,但转动能力分别为常温时的1.43倍和1.66倍.EN 1993-1-8中基于普通钢端板连接节点常温力学性能所提出的组件法可直接用于预测高强钢端板连接节点火灾下的失效模式和承载能力,但初始转动刚度的计算公式并不适用,且采用EN 1993-1-8关于保障节点转动能力的相关要求对高强钢端板连接节点进行抗火设计偏于保守.有限元模型可准确模拟该端板连接节点火灾下的弯矩转角关系和失效模式.     

高强钢外伸式端板节点性能试验与有限元分析

为了解高强钢端板连接节点的受力性能和失效机理,对Q690和Q960高强钢端板连接节点进行足尺模型试验研究和有限元模拟分析,并将试验结果与采用欧洲规范EC3的计算结果、有限元分析结果进行对比.研究结果表明:节点的失效模式为端板破坏和螺栓断裂;高强钢端板连接节点具有良好的转动能力;EC3中用于普通钢端板连接节点承载能力计算和失效模式预测的组件法可直接用于高强钢端板连接节点,但转动刚度的计算公式并不适用,且EC3关于保障节点转动能力的相关要求对高强钢端板连接节点偏于保守.本文建立的有限元模型可准确模拟该端板连接节点的弯矩-转角关系和失效模式.     

全高强钢端板节点火灾后性能试验

为了解Q690高强钢端板节点火灾后的受力性能和失效机理,对2个过火550℃冷却后的Q690高强钢端板节点进行足尺模型试验研究,并将试验结果与常温下高强钢端板节点试验的结果、采用欧洲规范EC3计算的结果进行对比.研究结果表明:节点火灾后的失效模式为端板和螺栓组合破坏;高强钢端板节点火灾后仍具有良好的转动能力;EC3中用于普通钢端板节点承载能力计算和失效模式预测的组件法可直接用于计算和预测高强钢端板节点火灾后的承载能力和失效模式,但转动刚度的计算公式并不适用;过火550°C后冷却至常温,节点可恢复常温下90%以上的承载力.最后,给出判断高强钢节点火灾后失效模式的计算公式.     

高强钢平齐式端板连接节点火灾后性能数值研究

采用Abaqus软件对高强钢平齐式端板连接节点火灾后性能进行模拟,结果表明有限元模型能准确模拟节点的弯矩-转角关系、节点失效模式和应力分布等.在此基础上,对端板采用Q460高强钢和Q345普通钢的节点进行参数分析.结果表明:在历经550℃火灾高温并冷却后,节点力学性能未发生明显退化;端板材料对节点初始刚度无影响,但对节点承载力影响显著;与采用较厚普通钢端板的节点相比,采用较薄高强钢端板的节点可实现相近的承载力甚至更高的转动能力.     

高强钢平齐式端板连接节点火灾后力学性能试验研究

火灾后,钢构件残余应力和变形的重新分布,导致钢结构整体在火灾后可能比火灾高温作用下更加危险.节点对钢结构整体安全性至关重要,为研究高强钢平齐式端板连接节点火灾后的力学性能,采用稳态试验方法对经历550℃的火灾高温并冷却至常温的7个端板连接节点进行试验,得到节点火灾后的变形状态、弯矩-转角关系曲线以及失效模式等.同时,将试验结果与普通钢端板连接节点过火后的力学性能进行对比分析.此外,将试验结果同现行欧洲钢结构设计规范Eurocode3中相应条文进行比较.研究表明:通过合理的节点设计,与采用较厚普通钢端板的节点相比,采用较薄高强钢端板的节点可实现相同的节点失效模式、相近的剩余承载力以及更高的(至少是相当的)节点转动能力;同时,欧洲钢结构规范Eurocode3中有关节点塑性抗弯承载力的条文适用于高强钢平齐式端板连接节点火灾后塑性抗弯承载力的预测.     

火灾下高强钢栓焊连接节点力学性能试验研究

通过栓焊连接节点足尺试验,对比分析Q690和Q9602种强度的高强钢栓焊连接节点在常温和火灾高温下的力学性能。将试验获得的节点承载力与美国、欧洲和中国的现有规范进行对比,验证现有规范对高强钢栓焊连接节点的适用性,并提出高强钢栓焊连接节点的设计建议。最后,对比分析高强钢端板连接节点和栓焊连接节点抗火性能的异同,结果表明高强钢栓焊连接节点抗火性能相对优于高强钢端板连接节点。     

高强钢梁柱外伸式端板节点常温与火灾后性能参数分析

为了解端板厚度、螺栓直径、螺栓预紧力、柱翼缘厚度、端板钢材强度及过火温度等因素对高强钢端板连接节点力学性能的影响,对薄高强钢端板替代厚普通钢端板这一设计理念进行深入探讨,采用ABAQUS对高强钢端板连接节点进行有限元分析.有限元分析结果表明:端板厚度增加,节点的初始转动刚度和极限承载力提高,转动能力下降;螺栓直径增加,节点的初始转动刚度、极限承载力及转动能力均提高;螺栓预紧力增加,节点的初始转动刚度提高,极限承载力和转动能力基本不变;柱翼缘厚度增加,节点的初始转动刚度提高,极限承载力基本不变,转动能力略有减小;端板钢材强度增加,节点的初始刚度基本不变,极限承载力提高,转动能力在端板钢材强度不超过Q460时基本不变,高于Q460后显著减小;与采用较厚普通钢端板的节点相比,采用薄高强钢端板的节点常温下和火灾后均可达到相似的承载力、相近甚至更高的转动能力;端板连接节点火灾后可能发生失效模式转变,甚至由延性转变为脆性的失效模式.     

火灾下高强钢端板连接节点力学性能有限元分析

为研究高强钢端板连接节点在火灾作用下的力学性能,对7个梁柱端板连接节点在550℃的火灾高温下进行足尺试验研究.依据试验结果,采用通用有限元件ABAQUS建立高强钢端板连接节点有限元模型,从网格划分、单元种类选择、接触定义、分析步设置以及失效准则的确定等方面详细介绍建立模型过程,并得到高强钢端板连接节点在火灾下和常温下的弯矩-转角关系曲线、破坏模式以及端板的应力分布和屈服线模式.同时,将有限元分析结果同试验研究结果进行对比校验,结果显示,该有限元模型具有足够精确性.     

钢管混凝土柱-钢蜂窝梁中柱节点弯矩-转角骨架曲线影响因素

目的分析不同因素对外加强环式圆钢管混凝土柱-钢蜂窝梁中柱节点弯矩-转角骨架曲线的影响,确定影响节点"强柱弱梁"屈服机制的重要因素,为该种节点的设计提供参考.方法设计了24个钢材屈服强度、含钢率等参数不同的节点,采用有限元软件模拟了全部节点在低周往复荷载作用下的受力过程,分析了不同参数对弯矩-转角骨架曲线的影响,模拟前采用已有文献试验结果验证了模拟方法.结果钢材屈服强度、含钢率和梁柱线刚度比的增大,该种节点的抗弯承载力、极限抗弯承载力和初始刚度明显增大;轴压比对节点弯矩-转角骨架曲线影响很小;加强环板宽度增加,对节点的抗弯承载力、极限抗弯承载力和初始刚度提高幅度不大;距离和孔间距增大或开孔率减小,节点的抗弯承载力、极限抗弯承载力和初始刚度有所增加,但增加幅度不大,并且增加程度在非弹性阶段更为明显.结论开孔率、距离和孔间距是引起该种节点更容易实现"强柱弱梁"屈服机制的重要因素,影响程度开孔率最大、孔间距最小.     

钢梁柱弱轴顶底角钢半刚性连接的抗弯特性

为了解顶底角钢半刚性连接的抗弯特性,利用简化的斜率-位移方程推导了半刚性连接初始刚度的计算公式,根据角钢的塑性特性计算了半刚性连接的极限弯矩,进行了两类柱弱轴顶底角钢半刚性连接的抗弯试验,并利用三参数幂函数模型模拟了所研究的半刚性连接的弯矩-转角曲线.结果表明,模拟结果与试验结果吻合很好,文中提出的新型连接形式具有很好的抗弯能力.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to