仿视皮层V1特性的SAR图像边缘检测

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像的边缘检测是图像处理领域的热门研究课题,针对传统方法对噪声敏感、受内部纹理干扰等严重问题,借鉴人类视觉系统中初级视皮层(V1)神经细胞的感受野特性及该区域带有非经典感受野的细胞对同质区域纹理和噪声的环绕抑制机制,提出一种仿视皮层信息处理机制的SAR图像的边缘检测方法。采用Gabor滤波器经奇偶分解、汇聚、归一化等操作模拟V1区感受野特性,再引入模拟非经典感受野环绕抑制机制的环绕抑制项以对同质区域的纹理和噪声进行抑制,保留感兴趣的边缘信息。仿真结果表明,所提方法能抑制文中4类不同的SAR图像同质区域的大部分纹理,在一定程度上弱化斑点噪声,取得了比canny算子更好的边缘检测效果。提出的新方法可以应用于SAR图像的边缘检测。     

一种视皮层非经典感受野的模型

根据视觉信息加工过程中视皮层细胞非经典感受野对中心感受野区域具有抑制作用的生物机制,提出了一种模拟该机制的模型.用Gabor能量作为感受野响应,以高斯差分函数为基础构造两个具有方向的半椭圆环来作为非经典感受野区域,设计中心感受野与周边抑制区域的相位差权重函数来模拟非经典感受野的抑制机制.实验结果与这种生理特性相一致.     

序列图像运动自适应V1-MT光流估计算法

针对传统算法在抗光照变化影响、大位移光流和异质点滤除等方面的不足,从人类视觉认知机理出发,提出了一种基于机器学习和生物模型的运动自适应V1-MT(motion-adaptive V1-MT,MAV1MT)序列图像光流估计算法.首先,引入基于ROF模型的结构纹理分解(structure-texture decomposition,STD)技术,有效解决了光照和色彩变化的影响.其次,利用多V1细胞加权组合及非线性正则化模拟MT细胞模型,并结合岭回归训练学习得到运动自适应的权重,解决对目标的运动速度感知问题.最后,引入由粗到精的增强方法和图像金字塔局部运动估计采样,将V1-MT运动估计模型应用于实际大位移视频序列.理论分析和实验结果表明,新方法能更加拟合人眼视觉信息处理特性,对视频序列具有普适、有效、鲁棒的运动感知性能.     

视皮层简单细胞三维时空计算模型

以模拟初级视觉皮层(V1)简单细胞基本属性为基础,构造了能检测视频序列中运动信息的三维时空计算模型,即联合感受野模型(3D CORF).该模型充分利用背侧外侧膝状核(LGNd细胞)与V1之间的映射关系,给出了时空不可分离的LGNd细胞运动信息检测方法,建立了能展现多个LGNd细胞响应联合特性的子集单元,提出了利用空间上几何平均、时间上加权平均的方法计算特定区域内子集单元的联合响应,从而实现了简单细胞对运动信息的检测.实验结果表明:建议的3D CORF模型比现有的时空计算模型(如3D Gabor模型)更能反映真实简单细胞的特性,且具有较好的鲁棒性.     

基于HMAX模型的仿生人脸识别算法

为了提高人脸识别效率,减小特征提取的时间消耗,本文提出一种基于改进HMAX模型的类脑识别算法,通过模拟生物视觉皮层的信息处理机制,构建了一个五层结构的分层网络用以提取目标图像的不变特征并进行识别.在S1层应用小波分解模拟视皮层V1简单细胞对目标图像进行滤波;在C1层进行特征提取,采用SVDP算法代替标准HMAX模型中的最大值操作,得到对光照、表情、姿态不变性的代表特征;最后,在VTU层对人脸图像进行分类.实验表明,改进后的算法在对样本进行识别时,能够有效降低特征提取的时间开销,同时也提升了识别效率.     

两种GC感受野模型的空间传输特性研究

本文应用模型和模拟技术，研究了ＧＣ感受野的双高斯差模型和外周相互抑制网络模型的空间传输特性，包括面积反应，调制传递函数等．本文所获得的结果可应用于视觉信息处理原理研究、人工视觉、计算机视觉及图像技术等各方面     

一种基于频带选择的视觉注意计算方法

视觉注意力的研究对计算机视觉的发展有很大的帮助.然而,绝大多数的现有模型仅能处理某一类型的数据或只针对特定的应用.事实上,不论场景中物体的尺寸大小如何,人类都能够正确无误地察觉到.本文基于生物学在视网膜上非经典感受野的发现,从频域的角度出发,提出一种新的自底向上的计算模型.显著图可以通过模拟扩展的感受野的思想而得到,主要由两步组成:首先利用Gabor小波将输入图像分解成一系列特征图,它们对应于整个频率域的不同频带;其次,挑选出其中的一些作为最优频带以生成显著图,以此来模拟感受野的调节.实验结果表明,本文所提出的算法无论是对于心理学图像还是包含了任意尺寸目标的自然图像,在显著性的预测上都优于现有其他算法.除此之外,感受野模型以及Gabor小波的生物特性使得模型具有一定的鲁棒性.     

基于HMAX模型和非经典感受野抑制的轮廓提取

针对图像里处于复杂纹理背景中物体的轮廓提取正确率低的问题,首先研究了基于非经典感受野抑制的轮廓提取算法和HMAX模型,然后利用HMAX模型所具备的具有基本视皮层功能结构的优点,弥补了前者所依据的生物学视觉结构比较简单的不足,最后提出并实现了基于HMAX模型和非经典感受野抑制的轮廓提取算法。通过与Canny算子和非经典感受野抑制的轮廓提取算法的评估比较,表明本文算法有效提高了轮廓提取的正确率。     

基于人的信息处理模型分析操作人员视觉信息处理过程

报告了由知觉、思维、运动３个处理器和短期记忆、工作记忆和长期记忆构成的研究用计算机实现 人的信息处理模型;把人的信息处理模型安装在一台PC机上,模拟生产操作人员监视锅炉厂模拟机计算机屏幕 的过程表明,视觉信息处理过程取决于画面因素、人的身心状态和知觉处理器参数等与实际生产操作人员的行 为特征相符。此模型可以用来分析工业生产中人为操作失误的发生机制,以预防和减少事故发生。     

基于深度卷积网络的特征融合图像检索方法

近些年基于内容的图像检索方法在计算机视觉领域取得了突破性的进展,这些成就均归功于深度卷积网络强大的非线性拟合能力。传统的检索方法均使用全连接层的激活值作为图像特征,而该层提取到的向量仅能描述图像整体的轮廓信息,缺乏对局部细节的刻画能力,而卷积层提取到的特征对局部空间纹理有较好的刻画能力。针对该问题,文章提出一种三维特征图的融合算法,每一个特征图都赋予对应的权重,将三维的特征图编码为一维的特征向量用于检索任务。实验分析表明,提出的特征编码方法在INRIA和Oxford数据集上平均查准率均提高了1个百分点,表明从卷积层计算得到的特征向量比全连接层更加适合于检索任务。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.