小粒径固液两相流在螺旋离心泵内运动的数值分析

针对螺旋离心泵内固液两相流动比较复杂的情况,以黄河含沙水为工作介质,采用改变沙粒粒径和含沙水体积分数的方法,对小粒径颗粒在螺旋离心泵内的流动进行了数值模拟.通过内流场的速度、压力与颗粒分布,分析了粒径大小对泵内固体颗粒运动的影响和进口固相初始体积分数对泵内压力和固相分布的影响,得出压力沿叶轮工作面和背面的分布规律以及固相体积分数沿叶轮轴面、叶片背面和工作面的分布规律,并在此基础上给出了螺旋离心泵内的磨损特性.     

流固耦合作用对离心泵关死点内流的影响

为了揭示流固耦合作用对离心泵关死点工况下的内流影响,对一比转数为46的离心泵关死点工况下的结构场和内流场进行了流固耦合数值计算,并对离心泵关死工况下内流计算的边界条件作了详细说明.基于流固耦合计算结果,对比了流固耦合前后关死点扬程预测精度、泵内流场分布和压力脉动的差异,并给出了叶片位移变形.研究结果表明:考虑流固耦合作用对关死点扬程的预测精度影响较小;考虑流固耦合作用后叶轮各流道内的"射流-尾迹"更为明显,蜗壳扩散段的漩涡强度增加,叶轮内压力脉动也呈现出更为明显的周期性;流固耦合作用对于压力脉动幅值频率有较大影响;叶片位移变形从进口到出口逐渐增加,靠近隔舌的叶片位移变形最大.     

离心泵内部非定常空化流动特征的数值分析

运用完整空化模型和混合流体两相流模型,对比转数为130的离心泵流道内部的空化流动进行了定常及非定常的数值模拟.预测了叶轮流道内空化发生部位和发展程度,对蜗壳隔舌附近处流场的压力场进行了监测,得到了压力脉动的变化规律.结果表明:空化初生位于叶片背面进口边附近处,随着进口压力的降低,空泡分布区域及空泡体积分数不断扩大,当空化严重时,叶片工作面上会有空泡聚集;在叶轮的1个旋转周期中,单个叶片表面上的空化发展程度随叶轮与蜗壳相对位置的改变而发生规律性的变化;压力脉动频率存在明显离散特性,叶片通过频率下的脉动幅值较大;随着空化程度的发展,空化流动诱导泵流道内压力脉动幅值不断增加,并且两者存在相互对应关系.     

叶轮时序对两级离心泵内部流动的影响研究

对离心泵而言,叶轮时序位置的改变对泵水力性能和压力脉动影响较大。本文对某两级离心泵首级和次级叶轮在七种不同时序位置下的内部流动进行了数值模拟,并对叶轮和蜗壳内部的流场和压力脉动特性进行了分析。结果表明:在设计流量下随着次级叶轮时序位置的变化,离心泵的扬程和效率分别上升了2.9%和2.4%;同时时序位置的改变影响了叶轮进口相对液流角和出口环量,改善了蜗壳隔舌处的流态,漩涡区域减小,从而降低了次级叶轮和蜗壳内部的流动损失;时序效应对次级叶轮和蜗壳压力脉动影响较大,各测点主频均无变化,但次级叶轮内测点压力脉动主频幅值降低了20.16%,蜗壳隔舌处降低了2.24%。综合比较分析不同时序位置下两级离心泵的性能,当次级叶轮旋转至首级叶轮流道中间时,离心泵的水力性能及压力脉动特性较好,研究结果可为两级离心泵设计提供参考。     

市政排涝自吸泵启动过程气液两相流动及压力脉动分析

为了探明自吸泵的自吸机理.以外混式自吸泵为研究对象,利用CFX仿真软件中的VOF(volume of fluid)两相流模型和k-ε湍流模型,并结合网格滑移技术进行自吸过程非稳态数值模拟,分析了不同时刻下泵内气液两相体积、液相速度、出口气体体积分数和压力的分布情况.同时改变非稳态模拟的时间步长及总时长,监测自吸过程叶轮及蜗壳内监测点的压力变化.结果表明:自吸泵的吸气与排气主要集中在启动过程的初期和中期,叶轮入口和泵出口的气体体积分数分别超过60%和75%;叶轮出口的气液混合带导致了叶轮出口到蜗壳内侧大片区域内的流动紊乱现象,降低了叶轮的做功能力,进而影响了泵的正常排气;叶轮监测点压力脉动幅值与距叶片工作面的大小有关,蜗壳内监测点压力脉动幅值与距叶轮外缘的大小有关.     

气液两相介质的多级液力透平特性

以DG85-80五级节段式离心泵作液力透平,采用N-S方程和标准k-ε湍流模型,选择Mixture多相流模型和SIMPLE算法,用CFD软件对不同体积含气率的气液两相介质的液力透平进行数值试验,分析其外特性和内部流动规律.结果表明:气体膨胀作功对液力透平能量特性的影响较大,透平进口含气率增大时,最优工况的压头和功率增大,水力效率和质量流量减小,各级导叶与叶轮交界面压力损失的总和变大;叶片背面压力小于工作面压力,叶片背面流体速度大于工作面,随透平进口含气率变大,叶轮各流道压力分布不均匀性加剧,叶片工作面进口附近的漩涡区域减小;叶片背面含气率比工作面的大,从导叶进口到叶轮出口含气率增大,从第一级到第五级,随级数增加,导叶-叶轮流道内体积含气率减小.     

含沙水下单级双吸离心泵叶片磨损特性分析

为了研究含沙水下单级双吸离心泵叶轮的磨损规律,采用比转速相等原则,用相似换算法将AABS150-365原型泵转换为模型泵.基于Mixture多相流模型和标准k-ε湍流模型,并结合SIMPLEC算法,在清水介质和固液两相流介质条件下对模型泵内部流动进行全流道三维定常数值模拟,分析在不同的初始固相体积分数和粒径下,叶片工作面和背面的固相相对速度和固相浓度的变化情况,并对叶轮的磨损量进行计算.通过对输送清水介质时泵外特性试验数据与数值模拟结果的对比,间接的验证了数值计算方法的可靠性.研究表明,随着粒径和固相体积分数的增大,叶片背面的固相相对速度和固相浓度较工作面高,从前盖板到后盖板固相相对速度和固相浓度是逐渐增高的;叶轮主要磨损部位在叶片背面的中后部,尤其是出口处.该研究对于分析叶轮磨损机理和优化叶轮设计来预防磨损有一定的参考价值.     

蜗壳出口位置对低比转速离心泵性能的影响

为了研究蜗壳出口位置对低比转速离心泵性能的影响,在保证蜗壳基圆、前八断面面积及形状、蜗壳出口直径和中心高相同的前提下,改变蜗壳出口位置,分别设计出A、B、C三种型号蜗壳.以清水为介质,基于雷诺平均法、RNG k-ε湍流模型,对比转速为46的离心泵进行数值计算.结果表明:三种不同出口位置情形时离心泵的外特性变化趋势基本一致,但最高效率值有所不同,在各个工况点,C型的效率均高于A、B型,且三者的高效区均向大工况偏移;三种型号蜗壳的离心泵,在各自相应工况下,叶轮进口处的静压分布、湍动能分布和流线分布大致相同,而叶轮出口及蜗壳流道中三者的变化较大,表明改变蜗壳出口位置对叶轮进口处内流场的影响较小,主要影响叶轮出口及蜗壳流道中内流场的变化.     

基于OpenFOAM的离心泵内部流动数值模拟

分析了离心泵内流模拟中存在的问题,指出开源CFD软件是提高离心泵内流模拟精度的必然选择.通过在开源计算流体力学软件OpenFOAM的求解器中添加GGI动静耦合处理程序,实现了OpenFOAM在泵内流数值模拟中的应用.应用修改后的OpenFOAM求解程序对一比转数为117.8的离心泵不同工况下的内流场进行数值模拟,并将数值计算结果与试验结果进行了对比,同时分析了叶轮内部流场的分布规律.研究结果表明,设计工况下的计算扬程相对误差最小,约为-3.5%,而小流量工况下误差最大-6.4%;各工况下的计算效率绝对误差范围均在-0.5%以内.这说明设计工况下的模拟结果优于非设计工况下的计算结果.同时,叶轮内部压力分布和相对速度分布规律符合离心泵内部流动的一般规律.     

离心泵叶轮后盖板粗糙带抑制空化效果分析

利用修正过的剪切应力输运(SST) k-ω湍流模型及Kubota空化模型,对不同空化数下的离心泵内流场结构进行定常与非定常空化模拟,并选取最后一个旋转周期对叶轮内流场特性进行分析,考察离心泵叶轮后盖板布置粗糙带对其内部非定常空化流动特征、压力脉动特性及抑制空化效果的影响.结果表明:叶轮后盖板布置粗糙带对离心泵外特性几乎不产生太大扰动;粗糙带提高了叶轮内流场压强,其产生较大的近场压力迫使空泡外侧形态发生改变,从而对空化产生抑制作用;空化发展初期至严重阶段,粗糙带使得周期内叶轮中空泡体积明显减小;当空泡的径向外缘尺寸发展至粗糙带位置时,该结构使得由空泡所覆盖区域内的压力脉动主频幅值有较大程度降低,且能不同程度降低蜗壳内的主频幅值,对流场结构改善效果较好,但对未覆盖区域造成了小幅扰动.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to