内蒙古东北部上古生界黏土矿物组合特征及意义

主要研究内蒙古东北地区上古生界各成岩一极低级变质强度带内黏土矿物的含量变化特征,以伊利石结晶度＜0.25(浅变质带)、伊利石结晶度0.25～0.42(近变质带)和伊利石结晶度＞0.42(晚期成岩带)分别讨论黏土矿物相对含量、混层黏土矿物混层比,黏土矿物组合等的变化趋势,进而探讨黏土矿物的成因意义.[1-2]     

兴安矿深部软岩的扫描电镜-X射线能谱分析

为了探讨鹤岗兴安矿深部软岩水理特性和塑性变形原因,分别在埋深500和740 m的不同岩性特征处,选取5个试样,采用扫描电镜-X射线能谱仪,对该矿深部软岩矿物成分与微观结构进行实验分析。结果表明:兴安矿深部软岩中主要矿物成分为石英、长石、方解石及黏土矿物,各别试样中含有菱铁矿和金红石。黏土矿物的主要成分为伊/蒙(I/S)混层、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石等。I/S混层中蒙脱石的类型有钠蒙脱石和钙蒙脱石。碎屑矿物中有石英加大、方解石溶蚀、长石淋滤、菱铁矿解理发育等现象。黏土矿物I/S混层主要呈片架结构、蜂窝结构和絮状结构,高岭石呈书本状结构,伊利石与绿泥石呈片架结构。     

贵州早、中三叠世间绿豆岩粘土矿物学研究

运用Ｘ射线衍射、红外光谱、差热分析、扫描电镜等分析方法，对贵州绿豆岩进行了系统的粘土矿物学研究。确定了贵州绿豆岩中粘土矿物主要有伊利石、蒙脱石、高岭石和伊利石／蒙脱石混层矿物，为贵州绿豆岩的成因研究和开发利用提供了依据。     

重庆中梁山和广元上寺P-T界线粘土层中粘土矿物的类型及成因

四川重庆中梁山和广元上寺P-T界线处二叠系顶部的粘土岩主要由规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石组成,而三叠系底部的粘土岩主要由伊利石和混层绿泥石-蒙脱石组成。形成二叠系顶部规则混层伊利石-蒙脱石并使之得以保存的相对酸性成岩介质可能与晚二叠世生物相对繁盛和绝灭造成的有机质埋藏有关,而三叠系底部的粘土矿物则与相对富镁、钾的成岩介质有关。此外,两地混层伊利石-蒙脱石中混层比例的差别还反映了这一等时面上所经历的最大古地温的差别,这与它们所经历的埋藏史的不同有关。     

江西信丰县铁石口剖面二叠－三叠系界线综合研究

首次对江西信丰县铁石口二叠—三叠系界线剖面的生物地层学、岩石地层学、微量元素、碳及氧稳定同位素、粘土岩和沉积环境以及数学地质的有序最优分割计算进行了综合研究，通过分析，将铁石口剖面二叠—三叠系界线置于第２６层底。界线粘土岩（第２６层）的矿物组成以伊利石和高岭石为主，仅含少量蒙脱石－伊利石不规则混层矿物，这是首次发现的新类型界线粘土岩     

江西信丰县铁石口剖面二叠-三叠系界线综合研究

首次对江西信丰县铁石口二叠—三叠系界线剖面的生物地层学、岩石地层学、微量元素、碳及氧稳定同位素、粘土岩和沉积环境以及数学地质的有序最优分割计算进行了综合研究,通过分析,将铁石口剖面二叠—三叠系界线置于第26层底。界线粘土岩(第26层)的矿物组成以伊利石和高岭石为主,仅含少量蒙脱石 伊利石不规则混层矿物,这是首次发现的新类型界线粘土岩。     

江西信丰县铁石口剖面二叠—三叠系界线综合研究

首次对江西信丰县铁石口二叠－三叠系界线剖面的生物地层学、岩石地层学、微量元素、碳及氧稳定同位素、粘土岩和沉积环境以及数学地质的有序最优分割计算进行了综合研究，通过分析，将铁石口剖面二叠－三叠系界线置于第２６层底。界线粘土岩（第２６层）的矿物组成以伊利石和高岭石为主，仅含少量蒙脱石－伊利石不规则混层矿物，这是首次发现的新类型界线粘土岩。     

二连盆地巴彦乌拉铀矿床目的层黏土矿物特征及其意义

二连盆地巴彦乌拉铀矿床是我国典型的古河谷砂岩型铀矿床,铀主要经潜水-层间氧化作用富集成矿。为了研究其黏土矿物组成、含量、形态特征及其产状,对区内目的层黏土矿物进行了X射线衍射、扫描电镜及能谱分析。分析结果表明,二连盆地巴彦乌拉铀矿床目的层黏土矿物成分基本一致,主要为蒙脱石、高岭石、伊利石,个别样品中见少量绿泥石。蒙脱石集合体呈花朵状、片状,高岭石集合体呈书页状、扇状,伊利石集合体呈片状,绿泥石集合体呈玫瑰花朵状。黏土矿物以分散质点式不完全充填于孔隙中和薄膜式贴附于颗粒表面。根据分析结果,总结了该矿床氧化带分带黏土矿物特征;并探讨了黏土矿物对砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率的影响及其与铀成矿的关系。     

松辽盆地南部红岗阶地和华字井阶地含片钠铝石砂岩中的黏土矿物特征

松辽盆地南部中央坳陷红岗阶地和华字井阶地含片钠铝石砂岩中黏土矿物主要由伊/蒙混层、伊利石和高岭石组成.采用比较岩石学和数值模拟方法,比较红岗阶地青山口组和华字井阶地泉头组含片钠铝石砂岩与对照组砂岩的岩石学特征.研究结果表明:含片钠铝石砂岩中绿泥石缺失,高岭石和伊利石质量分数显著增加；绿泥石溶解和高岭石沉淀作用发生在深大断裂附近,深大断裂是幔源CO2运移的主要通道；CO2充注引起注入点附近砂岩储层中绿泥石溶解和自生高岭石沉淀以及长石的高岭石化；长石等可溶性矿物的溶解,为伊/蒙混层向伊利石转化提供必需的K+,促进伊/蒙混层向伊利石的转化.     

宣城网纹红土成分与微结构的定量研究

网纹红土红色基质和白色网纹的成分和结构差异性影响并控制着工程特性。文章通过扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)实验和数字图像处理技术定量研究原状网纹红土的微孔隙特征,进而基于能量色散谱仪(energy dispersive spectrometer,EDS)和X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffractometer,XRD)分析了红色基质和白色网纹的化学成分和黏土矿物构成,以探讨网纹红土微结构和成分与其力学特征的内在联系。研究得出,网纹红土孔隙主要为小于0.5μm2面积的微孔隙,而面积超过50μm2的大孔隙则较少,但红色基质颗粒表面粗糙、棱角分明,主要由绿泥石/蒙脱石混层和伊利石以及少量的绿泥石和高岭石构成,而白色网纹颗粒则较为圆滑,由伊利石/蒙脱石混层和伊利石构成,且红色基质中Fe元素质量分数高于白色网纹,而两者中的Ti元素质量分数稳定。研究结果可为深入分析网纹红土工程特征提供依据。     

Kinetic model for the smectite to illite transformation in active geothermal systems

The smectite to illite transformation in active geothermal systems of New Zealand can be simulated by a first-order reaction kinetic model, which provides direct estimates about the minumum ages of active geothermal systems themselves. The derived kinetic values show that the smectite to illite transformation is sensitive to both temperature and time.     

柴达木盆地北缘下侏罗统储集岩成岩作用及其对孔隙演化的影响

柴达木盆地北缘下侏罗统储集岩主要是由长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂岩组成,主要的成岩作用有压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用、交代作用和重结晶作用,它们对孔隙的发育影响很大.压实作用和碳酸盐的胶结作用使原生孔隙大大减少.长石的溶蚀作用改善了孔隙的发育.蒙皂石、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石和伊蒙混层含量均在较大范围内变化,与深度的关系不明显.成岩作用进入晚成岩作用末期.一些储集岩经历了表生成岩作用.     

鹤岗煤田泥质岩粘土矿物类型及其地质意义

为了确定鹤岗煤田泥质岩粘土矿物类型及其地质意义,本文采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜研究了鹤岗煤田12个泥质岩样品中的粘土矿物。结果表明:本区泥质岩共有4种类型的粘土矿物,并揭示出高岭石主要为来自剥蚀区的碎屑粘土矿物,少部分为自生矿物,伊利石一部分由剥蚀区搬运来,另外则由长石、云母等铝硅酸盐矿物风化形成,伊蒙混层矿物是在成岩过程中,由蒙脱石向伊利石转化的过渡产物,绿泥石则是在深埋阶段由高岭石转变而成。这项研究说明该区在整个晚侏罗世演化过程中处于近中性环境,并在弱酸弱碱环境中频繁振荡。     

淮北煤田上石盒子组泥质岩的矿物学研究

淮北煤田上石盒子组泥质岩中粘土矿物以高岭石、伊利石为主,绿泥石、蒙脱石次之,3煤段上部泥质岩中伊利石增多,地球化学指标也表明为半成水环境,说明上石盒子组上部为一套受海水影响的岩性组合。     

Clay minerals in surface sediments of the Pearl River drainage basin and their contribution to the South China Sea

Clay minerals have played a significant role in the study of the East Asian monsoon evolution in the South China Sea by being able to track oceanic current variations and to reveal contemporaneous paleoclimaUc changes prevailing in continental source areas. As one of the most important rivers inputting terrigenous matters to the northern South China Sea, the Pearl River was not previously paid attention to from the viewpoint of clay mineralogy. This paper presents a detailed study on clay minerals in surface sediments collected from the Pearl River drainage basin （including all three main channels, various branches, and the Lingdingyang in the estuary） by using the X-ray diffraction （XRD） method. The results indicate that the clay mineral assemblage consists dominantly of kaolinite （35%-65%）, lesser abundance of chlorite （20%-35%） and illite （12%-42%）, and very scare smectite occurrences （generally 〈5%）. Their respective distribution does not present any obvious difference throughout the Pearl River drainage basin. However, downstream the Pearl River to the northern South China Sea, the clay mineral assemblage varies significantly： kaolinite decreases gradually, smecUte and illite increase gradually. Additionally, illite chemistry index steps down and illite crystallinity steps up. These variations indicate the contribution of major kaolinite, lesser illite and chlorite, and very scarce smecUte to the northern South China Sea from the Pearl River drainage basin. The maximum contribution of clay minerals from the Pearl River is 72% to the northern margin and only 15% to the northern slope of the South China Sea. In both glacials and interglacials, kaolinite indicates that the ability of mechanical erosion occurred in the Pearl River drainage basin.     

Clay mineral composition and their sources for the fluvial sediments of Taiwanese rivers

Located at the collision boundary between the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Continental Plate,the island of Taiwan is generally recognized as an important example in the MARGINS Program Science Plan and "source-to-sink" research because of its high tectonic activity,heavy rainfall and unique geography.Large suspended sediment loads are transported to the adjacent ocean by Taiwanese rivers every year,making Taiwan an important source of sediments into the adjacent seas and a natural laboratory for studying the systemic movement of fluvial sediments from source to sink.A detailed study on the clay mineral composition of surface sediments collected from the drainage basins of 12 Taiwanese rivers using X-ray diffraction methods was conducted.Our results indicated that the clay mineral assemblages consisted dominantly of illite(approximately 73%) and chlorite(approximately 24%),with lesser abundances of kaolinite(approximately 3%) and even lower levels of smectite from the Danshuei River sediments in northwestern Taiwan.The Jhuoshuei River sediments from western Taiwan contained clay mineral assemblages that consisted of illite(approximately 75%) and chlorite(approximately 25%),but they lacked kaolinite and smectite.In southwestern Taiwan,the clay mineral assemblages were dominated by illite(approximately 75%) and chlorite(approximately 23%),but had a low abundance of kaolinite(generally < 2%) and no smectite.The clay mineral assemblages in eastern Taiwan are obviously different from those in western parts of the island.The most noticeable difference is that the average abundance of chlorite in the Hualien River from eastern Taiwan was the highest(approximately 48%) of all the Taiwanese rivers.We concluded that,in general,the clay mineral assemblages in Taiwanese rivers were mainly composed of illite and chlorite with kaolinite and smectite being scarce,and these trends are different from those in China’s mainland rivers.The clay mineral composition shown in this study was primarily determined by the properties of the bedrock,and the differential weathering intensities of the drainage area.The surface sediments in Taiwan’s rivers showed a greater abundance of illite and chlorite because the outcropped rocks were mainly composed of Tertiary sedimentary rocks,especially sandstone,shale and slate,and show strong physical weathering.The relatively high relief and more abundant rainfall also caused the clay minerals in the fluvial sediments to be transported to the estuaries down rivers from the mountains and then delivered to the adjacent seas by currents and waves over a shorter time scale.     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部延长组长7致密砂岩伊利石成因初探

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7为典型的致密砂岩储层,粒度细,填隙物含量高,物性差.最主要的黏土矿物为伊利石,占填隙物总量的60%.根据大量的铸体薄片、扫描电镜、包裹体测试等分析资料,探讨了伊利石的产状、成因,以及对储层物性的影响.认为:伊利石呈片状、蜂巢状和丝缕状3种方式产出.第一种为原生沉积形成;第二种为早期形成的蒙脱石转化而来;第三种是由钾长石溶蚀形成的高岭石在深埋期间通过伊利石化作用形成.高岭石的伊利石化能促进钾长石的溶解,其形成的长石溶孔是本区最主要的孔隙类型,长石溶孔发育区即为相对优质储层发育区.     

致密砂岩储层黏土矿物特征及敏感性分析—以鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田寨子河地区长6油层为例

致密砂岩储层孔喉结构复杂、比表面积大,岩石颗粒表面附着大量的黏土矿物,容易受到外来流体的影响,发生颗粒膨胀、迁移、离子沉淀等反应伤害储层,从而影响生产效率。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田寨子河地区延长组6段油层为例,通过岩石薄片观察、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪(X-RD)实验、压汞实验和储层敏感性实验等方法,对研究区储层物性、孔喉结构、黏土矿物特征和储层敏感性类型、伤害程度及敏感性影响因素进行分析。岩心分析实验表明,储层黏土矿物由绿泥石、高岭石、伊利石和伊蒙混层4种矿物组成,影响储层渗透性的敏感性伤害强弱依次为酸敏、水敏、碱敏、盐敏和速敏。并结合实际生产中存在的问题,提出绿泥石富集区域尽量避免储层酸化等改造措施;对伊利石及伊蒙混层含量高、易水敏的地区,压裂改造过程需要提高压裂液砂比,减小压裂液量,从而降低储层损害。     

强震区典型窄陡沟道型泥石流发育特征

针对汶川强震区5条典型窄陡沟道型泥石流进行实地勘察。通过室内颗分试验、激光衍射粒度分析试验、X射线衍射试验,分析了强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流的基本发育特征、堆积物颗粒级配和黏土矿物定量组成。结果表明：(1)强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流典型发育特征除了地形地貌上的“窄”和“陡”外,震后松散物源量中崩滑物源和沟道堆积物源显著增多,动储量比例增大,造成强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流危险性显著提高。(2)强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流堆积物固体颗粒级配分布范围较广,连续性较好。级配曲线不均匀系数均大于5,曲率系数在0.95~3之间,无缺失粒组;粒径小于0.075mm的粉粒含量均在0.5%以下,粒径小于0.005mm黏粒含量均在0.11%以下,不同沟道间差别较小。(3)强震区窄陡沟道型泥石流堆积物黏土矿物主要由伊利石、绿泥石和伊蒙混层三种黏土矿物组成,各自含量平均值分别为45.6%、38.8%、15.6%。伊利石和绿泥石总含量均超过75%,伊蒙混层含量均在25%以下。开展汶川强震区的典型窄沟型泥石流发育特征分析,对于地质灾害泥石流风险评估、监测预警和防控具有重要意义。