地面超载对土钉墙工作性能影响的有限元分析

为了揭示土钉墙在地面超载作用下的受力和变形规律,采用有限元方法,建立了整体三维有限元模型,模拟了某深基坑土钉支护的施工过程,分析了地面超载对开挖面水平位移、坑后地面沉降、坑底隆起以及土钉轴力的影响.结果表明:随着地面超载的增加,开挖面的水平位移、坑后地面沉降均近似呈线性增加,地面超载对坑底隆起的影响较小,地面超载对上部各排土钉轴力的影响要大于下部各排.     

钉距和微预应力对复合土钉墙性能影响的有限元分析

以某深基坑土钉+水泥土搅拌桩复合土钉墙基坑开挖与支护的施工过程为研究对象,运用大型非线性有限元软件ADINA,在考虑基坑的整体空间作用的情况下建立了其整体三维有限元模型,分析了不同的土钉水平间距和微预应力对开挖面水平位移、坑后地面沉降、坑底隆起以及土钉轴力的影响,得出了一些有价值的结论,供设计和施工人员参考.     

基于整体三维有限元模型的粉质黏土深基坑土钉支护参数分析

为了研究深基坑土钉支护结构在不同设计参数下的受力和变形,利用大型有限元软件ADINA,对某粉质黏土深基坑土钉支护结构建立了整体三维有限元计算模型,研究了土钉水平间距、土钉长度、土钉倾角、土钉钢筋直径对坑壁水平位移和土钉轴力的影响.结果表明:坑壁水平位移、土钉轴力均随土钉水平间距的增大而增大,随土钉长度的增大而减小,但钉长达到一定程度后影响变弱,随土钉倾角的增大先减小后增大;土钉钢筋直径对支护结构的受力和变形影响不明显.     

相邻桩锚基坑开挖变形相互影响数值分析

以两个相邻桩锚支护的基坑工程为实例,基于小应变硬化土(HSS)模型,通过Z-Soil岩土有限元分析软件建立数值计算模型,分析相邻基坑开挖对基坑变形的影响.分析结果表明:相邻桩锚基坑开挖明显减小排桩桩顶水平位移、排桩深层水平位移、坑间土体深层水平位移和坡顶水平位移,对于桩顶水平位移的影响最为显著;相邻桩锚基坑开挖也增大坑间地表沉降,产生的沉降接近两个单坑引起的沉降叠加,最大沉降位置出现在两基坑的正中央;相邻桩锚基坑的支护设计宜考虑相邻基坑开挖的影响,宜以变形不超过单坑开挖产生的水平位移为控制基准.     

复合土钉墙支护结构数值分析与研究

采用大型通用有限元计算分析软件ANSYS对某复合土钉墙支护基坑进行数值分析与研究.土体本构采用模量随深度变化修正后的Drucker-Prager模型,进行大量的数值计算与分析,研究开挖顺序和土钉长度等参数对坑壁水平位移、地表沉降和坑底隆起的影响,给出一些有益的结论,为今后工程中利用复合土钉墙进行基坑支护的设计与施工提供一定的参考.     

深基坑开挖中支护结构参数优化设计

支护结构严重影响深基坑开挖变形,已有研究缺乏对支护结构进行整体协同优化.本文利用MIDAS GTS NX有限元软件进行支护结构多参数对基坑开挖变形影响机理分析.研究了锚杆入射角、围护桩厚度和深度等结构参数对坑外土沉降和围护桩水平位移的影响机理,并对支护结构参数进行优化设计.结果表明：锚杆入射角对基坑隆起影响不大,对坑外土沉降有一定的影响,对围护桩水平位移影响较大;围护桩厚度、深度对坑外土沉降、围护桩水平位移都有影响.通过参数组合计算发现锚杆最优入射角为25°左右,同时改变围护桩的深度和厚度,在保证桩侧向位移不增加条件下,桩总体积可以减小20%,由此得到实际工程深基坑支护结构的最优方案,并通过现场监测数据进行了验证.研究结果为深基坑支护结构优化设计和变形验算提供技术支撑和应用参考.     

微型桩与复合土钉墙联合支护的施工力学行为

为进一步研究复杂环境下复合土钉墙的施工技术措施,以微型桩预应力锚杆复合土钉支护结构为研究对象,运用ABAQUS进行数值模拟,得出开挖过程中的侧向变形、坑底隆起和地表沉降曲线及土钉(锚杆)轴力图,并据此提出环境保护技术。分析结果表明:(1)随着开挖深度的增加,侧向位移向基坑内凸起,呈"鼓肚"形,最大位移出现在0.7倍开挖深度附近;(2)坑底隆起量由坡脚位置向基坑中部逐渐增加,中部隆起量最大,坡脚隆起量较小;(3)坑外地表沉降呈"勺"状,沉降的最大值发生在桩后1.4倍开挖深度附近;(4)微型桩的设置使得锚杆轴力降低幅度很大,最大值约62.16%;(5)"动态化设计"与"信息化施工"可以监测与指导复杂环境下复合土钉支护结构的设计和施工。     

地震作用下复合土钉支护边坡动力响应分析

采用大型有限元软件ADINA对复合土钉支护边坡进行地震响应分析.地震波输入选用常用的EL-Centro波,分析内容包括支护边坡位移、加速度、土钉、锚杆的轴力时程响应.在建立有限元模型时,考虑土体和支护结构相互作用;应用非线性静动力性能的弹塑性M-C模型模拟土体;采用双线形强化模型模拟支护结构;土与支护结构相互作用由接触单元模拟.结果表明复合土钉边坡支护结构比纯土钉边坡支护结构有更好的抗震性能;普通土钉支护最大水平位移发生在边坡顶部,而复合型土钉支护发生在边坡的中上部,尤其是在施加了预应力之后,边坡在地震作用下位移明显减小;土钉和锚杆轴力在地震作用下放大显著,在滑移面附近轴力最大;位移和加速度沿着坡高逐渐增大.     

硬土场地基坑变形监测与分析

南京阳光雅居4期基坑工程处于硬土场地中,基坑开挖深度5.7 m,局部7.0 m,围护体系采用了人工挖孔灌注桩和土钉墙2种支护结构形式.施工过程中分别对桩项圈梁水平位移、土钉墙墙顶水平位移、围护桩桩侧土体深层水平位移、邻近建筑物沉降、邻近道路沉降进行了长达8个月的监测.依据硬土的物理力学特性和本次基坑变形监测结果,分析表明:硬土场地中快速挖土卸载,可致使基坑支护结构产生明显水平位移,而周围土体水平位移相对较小,由于两者变形不协调,通常导致支护结构和土体间出现裂缝;硬土场地中基坑开挖引起的邻近建筑物和道路沉降较小,对周围环境影响不明显.     

复合土钉墙变形性能的三维弹塑性ADINA有限元分析

运用大型非线性有限元软件ADINA,模拟某深基坑土钉+水泥土搅拌桩复合土钉墙基坑开挖与支护的施工过程,建立了整体三维有限元模型,模型考虑了基坑的整体空间作用,克服了二维平面或局部的三维有限元模型分析的不足.分别得出了基坑的整体位移、开挖面的水平位移、坑后地面沉降的位移、坑底隆起的位移,并与现场实测值进行了对比.结果表明,计算值与实测值基本吻合,说明建立的非线性有限元计算模型和分析方法是可靠的,能够较好地运用于实际工程的分析和预测.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.