基于集对分析的预警机指挥多机编队空战态势评估

多机编队空战态势评估是预警机指挥多机群协同空战战术决策的重要组成部分。分析了预警机指挥下的多机编队空战态势评估。结合态势评估的常用方法建立了一种综合距离优势、角度威胁因子、速度威胁因子的集对分析的态势评估模型。该方法在既定编队间进行态势评估不仅考虑双方的各个态势因素,还考虑敌方友机编队、我方友机编队等因素对态势评估结果的影响。态势评估的组合方式表明态势评定是在敌我双方所有的编队中进行的,仿真结果表明:集对分析中势的概念可以直观反映空中态势的优劣,对不确定值i的分析全面反映了态势变化。     

基于区间AHP法与粗糙集的飞机空战效能评估

考虑到视距内空战和超视距空战2大现代空战模式的特点,构建了飞机空战效能评估指标体系。针对以往效能评估模型中单一权重系数确定方法的不足,应用区间AHP法确定主观权重系数，用粗糙集确定客观权重系数,然后将主观和客观权重进行有机集成,得到基于区间数的最优组合权重,充分吸收了主观赋权评估法和客观赋权评估法的优点,同时又克服了2类方法各自的缺陷,实现了二者的优势互补,使评估结果更为合理、科学。最后,建立了空战效能的综合评估模型,通过实例计算验证了该模型的可行性和有效性。     

基于MFO-HTN的超视距空战战术机动组合规划

针对超视距空战机动决策问题，提出基于战术机动组合的超视距空战决策模型。首先，利用参数化语言将超视距空战机动描述为两种典型形式，作为超视距空战战术的基本战术动作。其次，引入层次任务规划网络(HTN)模型，利用空空导弹攻击区描述空战态势，构建带参数的空战HTN模型。最后，将机动时间、可发射距离、可发射时间作为目标函数，构建多目标优化模型，采用飞蛾扑火算法对HTN网络参数进行优化求解。仿真实验表明，飞蛾扑火算法能够快速解算当前态势下的最优参数，所得到的空战战术机动序列能够达到战术目的。该算法模型可以为飞行员提供辅助决策，也为研究智能超视距空战提供了新的思路。     

基于区间云模型的非完备空战决策效能评估

为解决评估过程中评估指标体系权重分配不合理和空战数据不确定的问题,提出基于博弈论和区间云模型进行非完备空战决策效能评估的研究方法。针对空战攻防决策,构建评估指标体系,基于博弈论合理调整主客观权重获得指标的综合权重值。然后,对评估中出现的随机性和模糊性问题,研究区间云模型方法,通过区间云发生器确定非完备空战决策效能优劣。最后,通过仿真验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性,为解决非完备信息下的空战决策效能评估问题提供了技术支撑。     

空对空多目标跟踪攻击系统作战效能分析

空对空多目标跟踪攻击系统作战效能仿真与分析有助于航空电子综合火力控制系统的整体评价.从数字仿真的角度出发,建立了相控阵雷达多目标跟踪模型、三维空战次最优火控模型以及作战效能评估模型,基于航空电子综合火力控制系统的大闭环思想,提出了系统作战效能分析指标和方法.1:2多目标跟踪攻击进行仿真和效能分析验证了算法的有效性,为航空电子综合火控系统整体性研究奠定了基础.     

装备保障指挥系统效能评估研究

从装备保障指挥的角度,分析了装备保障指挥效能的基本概念及评估方法,讨论了装备保障指挥评估的基本流程;建立比较全面的装备保障指挥效能评估指标体系,运用功效函数层次分析法分析装备保障指控系统的效能,计算及合成效能指标的效能值和模型,得出评估结果。     

三维威力场在空战态势评估模型中的应用

针对现有空战态势评估模型中缺乏对战斗机总体性能分析的问题,借鉴态势优势函数并考虑三维空间特性,改进威力场理论,以战斗机攻击、探测、生存、干扰、告警能力为主要研究对象,根据已有模型装备变化情况,计算攻击能力,改进雷达体制系数,以体现雷达多目标跟踪能力,并考虑雷达下视的影响,突显三维空间特性,借此重新构造威力势函数,进行态势评估与作战引导。仿真算例验证该三维威力场模型可以直观地反映空战态势,并为作战引导提供决策基础。     

超视距协同空战火力打击网络协同目标分配研究

针对超视距协同空战目标分配问题,结合常规超视距协同空战目标分配方法,提出火力打击网络协同目标分配和超视距拦截联盟概念。根据火力打击网络协同目标分配含义和相关约束条件构建新的协同目标分配模型。并结合具体超视距协同空战实例进行模型的求解。通过具体实例与常规目标分配模型比较结果可知,在本文假设条件下,相对于常规目标分配结果,火力打击网络目标分配更能体现超视距协同空战的协同性。应用新的目标分配模型能够增加拦截次数,提高拦截效率,但同时增加了制导难度并牺牲了命中概率。本文所用方法和所得结论可为后续超视距协同空战目标分配研究提供参考。     

基于可拓工程方法的数字化炮兵营指挥控制系统效能研究

构建了数字化炮兵营指挥控制系统效能评价指标体系。应用可拓工程方法建立了数字化炮兵营指挥控制效能多指标的物元可拓评估模型,并运用模型针对具体实例展开定量分析,获得了指挥控制系统效能的有效评价值。该方法有效结合定性与定量分析,为数字化炮兵营指挥控制系统效能评估提供了评估依据。     

基于业务效能的信息系统安全态势指标

为获取系统运行时安全态势的完整性,在现有的信息安全态势评估指标体系中引入了业务效能指标,提出了一种混合指标的信息系统安全态势评估方法。首先,基于Q·S模型构建了系统业务效能指标体系,其中包含实数型、区间型和语言型数据,并通过BECM方法获得系统的业务效能指数;其次,针对系统的安全风险态势、稳定性态势等属性导致系统整体安全态势不确定性的问题应用格蕴涵代数的语言值综合评价模型,对该文构建的指标体系进行评价,得到了完整的信息系统安全态势;最后,通过示例证明提出的信息系统安全态势评估方法具有直观可信的态势评估结果,有利于决策分析。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-