7090/SiCP轧制板材的显微组织和力学性能

利用喷射共沉积工艺制备了7090/SiCP复合材料坯,通过力学性能测试、SEM形貌分析、TEM分析等手段对热处理后的复合材料轧制板材的力学性能以及微观组织进行了研究.轧制薄板中SiC颗粒沿轧制方向均匀分布.轧制变形量的增加导致颗粒破碎的程度加剧,且形状更为规整.对复合材料轧制态薄板进行470 ℃/1 h 490 ℃/1 h双级固溶 120 ℃/28 h时效后强度可达到675 MPa.实验结果表明,轧制板中SiC颗粒的断裂和界面脱粘为复合材料薄板的主要断裂机制.     

Si对快速凝固/粉末冶金(RS/PM) AZ91镁合金组织和性能的影响

采用快速凝固/粉末冶金(RS/PM)法制备了Si增强的AZ91镁合金.研究了不同Si含量对AZ91镁合金的微观组织、室温和高温力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着Si含量的增加,合金中原位生成的Mg2Si颗粒逐渐长大.Si的加入显著提高了合金的室温和高温力学性能.室温下,当Si含量≤3%时,合金的抗拉强度随着Si含量的增加而提高,当Si含量增加至5%时,合金的抗拉强度大幅度降低.其中RS/PM(AZ91+3%Si)合金表现出最优异的室温力学性能:bσ高达472.36 MPa,σ0.2和δ分别达到329.76 MPa和4.70%.合金的高温抗拉强度(473 K)随着Si含量的增加而提高.     

微合金化对原位复合材料组织与性能的影响

利用熔体原位反应法制备了(Al2O3 Al3Zr)p/A356复合材料.研究了添加质量分数均为0.2%的Mn和Cr微合金元素对所制备的复合材料微观组织和室温力学性能的影响.SEM分析结果表明:添加微合金元素改善了(Al2O3 Al3Zr)p/A356复合材料的微观组织,原位Al3Zr颗粒和初生α相得到了有效细化,尺寸大部分为2～3 μm,增强颗粒均匀分布在A356基体中,颗粒呈球形或椭球形.室温拉伸试验结果表明,添加微合金元素对复合材料的力学性能有一定程度的改善,其抗拉强度σb,屈服强度σs和延伸率δ较添加前分别提高了13.9%,16.9%和10.6%,达到326.1MPa,252.2 MPa和5.2%.SEM拉伸断口形貌分析表明,其断裂属于塑性断裂.     

BAS/SiC基复合材料的制备及其显微组织的研究

以BaAl2Si2O8(BAS)为烧结助剂,采用热压烧结工艺制备出致密的SiC基复合材料.实验结果显示,BAS是一种很有效的液相烧结助剂,促进了SiC基复合材料的致密烧结和SiC颗粒的长大.随着BAS含量的增加,复合材料的致密度,抗弯强度和断裂韧性都增大.40wt%BAS/SiC复合材料的室温抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别达到510MPa和7.0 MPa.m1/2.复合材料的主要韧化机制是裂纹的偏转、SiC颗粒的拔出和桥连.冷却过程中BAS的完全晶化有利于复合材料的高温力学性能.经测试,40wt%BAS/SiC复合材料在1 200℃仍保持很高的抗弯强度.     

TiB_2颗粒增强铜基复合材料的研究

用机械合金化方法和常规粉末冶金工艺制备了TiB2 /Cu复合材料 ,研究了制备工艺、TiB2 加入量等因素对Cu基复合材料的电学性能、力学性能和显微组织的影响 .研究结果表明 :使用机械合金化方法制备的 3 %TiB2 /Cu复合材料的硬度、强度分别为HV =15 40N/mm2 ,σb=42 9.6MPa ,软化温度达到 980℃ ;使用常规粉末冶金工艺制备的3 %TiB2 /Cu复合材料的硬度、强度分别为HV =90 5N/mm2 ,σb=2 45 .4MPa ,软化温度为 387℃ ;而采用机械合金化方法制备的 3%TiB2 /Cu复合材料的电导率低于用常规粉末冶金法制备的电导率 ,前者为 5 8% (IACS) ,后者为 96 % (I ACS) .可见 ,用机械合金化方法制备的 3%TiB2 /Cu复合材料的力学性能和软化温度与用常规粉末冶金法制备的相比大大提高 .     

反复塑性变形法制备SiCp/AZ31镁基复合材料

采用反复塑性变形（RPW）技术,再结合挤压工艺可制备出SiC颗粒增强AZ31镁基复合材料,RPW次数和SiC颗粒的加入量对SiCP/AZ31镁基复合材料显微组织和性能的影响也得到了研究。研究结果表明,随着RPW次数的增加,SiC颗粒逐渐被细化并最终在基体中弥散分布,在RPW为300次时的力学性能最佳;随着SiC颗粒加入量的增加,其室温抗拉强度和硬度都逐渐增大,在SiC颗粒体积分数为6%时达到最大值,分别为371MPa和112。     

增强体颗粒尺寸对SiC_p/2124Al复合材料变形行为的影响

利用常规静态单向拉伸技术,研究了SiC颗粒尺寸对用粉末冶金工艺制得的SiC颗粒增强2124Al合金(SiCp/2124Al)变形行为和力学性能的影响.在体积比为20%的条件下,SiC颗粒尺寸在0.2～48μm的范围内变化,无论室温还是300℃,材料的变形行为和拉伸力学性能明显取决于SiC颗粒尺寸.研究表明,材料中的空隙密度、SiC颗粒的间距、分布状态以及SiC颗粒的断裂、SiC颗粒/Al界面的脱粘和基体材料的开裂等几种因素共同影响着复合材料的变形行为和力学性能.     

SiC颗粒表面处理对6066 Al基复合材料力学性能的影响

分别对SiC颗粒进行高温氧化、酸洗和高温氧化后再酸洗等表面处理，采用粉末冶金工艺制备了SiC颗粒增强的6066Al基复合材料。金相显微照片、扫描电镜照片和室温拉伸性能分析结果表明：采用氧化和酸洗表面处理工艺能使SiC颗粒产生明显钝化，且随着氧化时间的延长，钝化效果提高，SiC颗粒分布更均匀；随着氧化时间的延长，复合材料的抗拉强度σb和断裂韧性K1C提高，且酸洗态的性能优于相应氧化态的性能；6066Al基复合材料的力学性能除与SiC颗粒分布的均匀程度有关外，还与颗粒的形状以及复合材料的界面状况有关。     

TiB2颗粒增强铜基复合材料的研究

用机械合金化方法和常规粉末冶金工艺制备了TiB2/Cu复合材料,研究了制备工艺、TiB2加入量等因素对Cu基复合材料的电学性能、力学性能和显微组织的影响．研究结果表明使用机械合金化方法制备的3%TiB2/Cu复合材料的硬度、强度分别为HV=1540N/mm2,σb=429.6MPa,软化温度达到980℃;使用常规粉末冶金工艺制备的3%TiB2/Cu复合材料的硬度、强度分别为HV=905N/mm2,σb=245.4MPa,软化温度为387℃;而采用机械合金化方法制备的3%TiB2/Cu复合材料的电导率低于用常规粉末冶金法制备的电导率,前者为58%(IACS),后者为96%(IACS)．可见,用机械合金化方法制备的3%TiB2/Cu复合材料的力学性能和软化温度与用常规粉末冶金法制备的相比大大提高．     

超显微硬度法研究SiC_P/6066铝基复合材料微区硬度变化

对喷射共沉积后经挤压的SiCP/ 6 0 6 6铝基复合材料 ,通过采用超显微硬度法测量了其微区的硬度变化 ,观察其显微组织 .结果表明 :在SiC颗粒分布密集处 ,基体超显微硬度值HV为 143.2 ,而在SiC颗粒分布稀疏处 ,硬度值HV为 10 7.2 ,二者之间有明显差距 .这是由于分布密集的增强体SiCP 周围局部基体应力场应力集中更剧烈而使超显微硬度值提高 .此外还测量了由于热收缩应力引起SiCP 周围应力场的变化而导致的微区硬度的变化 .在SiC颗粒附近基体硬度值较高 ,HV达 10 5 .8,而离SiC粒子距离大于其颗粒半径的基体中 ,硬度较低 ,HV约为 81.7.SiCP 造成基体中应力场的叠加可使基体中出现张应力区 .此外 ,通过测量复合材料超显微硬度值的变化 ,分析了残余应力对喷射共沉积复合材料微区一些力学性能的影响     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to