MEN1基因生物学功能研究进展

MEN1基因是多发性内分泌肿瘤1型综合征(MEN1)的关键致病基因之一.其编码蛋白menin在细胞核中与混合谱系淋巴瘤基因(MLL)等大量关键转录因子相互作用,直接参与组蛋白甲基化修饰等表观遗传调控过程,对靶基因转录和细胞表型的维持起关键的调控作用.MEN1基因突变导致的menin表达或核转位异常将引起一系列信号通路紊乱,进而引起内分泌系统疾病如MEN1.近年来,随着研究的深入,发现menin参与调控的组蛋白3的赖氨酸4残基(H3K4)甲基化修饰与内分泌系统肿瘤以及非内分泌系统如血液系统肿瘤的发生密切相关;我们最近的研究结果显示,menin通过赖氨酸27残基(H3K27)组蛋白甲基化修饰调控的多效生长因子等关键信号通路是调节肺癌表型的重要机制之一,提示menin在内分泌系统之外的广泛的生物学作用.综述了本实验室及国际上关于menin生物学功能的经典及最近的研究,重点介绍menin在非内分泌系统肿瘤发生发展中的关键作用及其调控的组蛋白修饰特点、规律.同时根据我们新近的研究,提出menin在其他系统疾病发生中的可能作用.这些新发现将有助于进一步深入揭示menin介导的表观遗传学调控在疾病发生中的关键作用,为以menin为靶点的疾病治疗提供崭新思路.     

Deletion of genes on chromosome 1 in endocrine neoplasia

Recent studies have identified normal cellular DNA sequences which are lost in the development of embryonal and adult tumours. These tumours are thought to arise after a primary mutation in one allele of such a sequence is followed by loss of its normal homologue. In familial cases, the primary mutation is transmitted in the germ line. The secondary mutation may involve a substantial loss of chromosomal material and thus lead to identification of the site of the inherited mutation. We have examined constitutional and tumour genotypes of medullary thyroid carcinomas and phaeochromocytomas which develop in the dominantly inherited cancer syndrome multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) to locate the predisposing gene in this syndrome. We observed deletion of a hypervariable region of DNA on the short arm of chromosome 1 in seven out of fourteen tumours. Analysis of the parental origin of the deleted allele in two families showed that it was derived from the affected parent in one case, which suggests that the deletion does not reflect the site of the inherited mutation in MEN2. The deleted region is distal to the breakpoint commonly detected in neuroblastomas, which share with the tumours of MEN2 embryological origin from neuroectoderm.