南秦岭勉略构造带三岔子硅质岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

勉略带内广泛发育古生代硅质岩,其对南秦岭造山带古生代沉积环境和构造背景具有重要的指示意义。重点分析了勉略带三岔子地区泥盆系硅质岩地球化学特征,结果显示,三岔子硅质岩SiO_2含量较高,为94.04%～98.08%,平均96.92%,质地较纯,Al_2O_3和TiO_2含量明显偏低;微量元素中Ba、U含量较高、Zr含量较低,U/Th值和Ba/Sr值较高;稀土元素显示样品的ΣREE值显著偏低,为7.61～51.04μg/g,平均22.51μg/g,经PAAS标准化后的稀土配分曲线表现出富集HREE的左倾特征,Eu正异常和Ce负异常,以及Al/(A1+Fe+Mn)值、Fe/Ti值和(Fe+Mn)/Ti值等指标均指示硅质岩具有典型的热水沉积成因。硅质岩Al/(Al+Fe)值、Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3+MnO)值、Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)值、δCe值以及(La/Ce)_N值等地球化学特征指示其主要形成于大陆边缘环境。(La/Lu)_N值、(La/Yb)_N值及δEu值等指标反映硅质岩形成受到深大断裂相关的岩浆活动的影响。三岔子硅质岩Th/U值、U/Th值、δU值等特征指示其形成于缺氧的沉积环境。综合上述研究,该硅质岩发育地区在古生代处于伸展裂陷的构造背景之下,形成了裂陷或断陷盆地以及区域性同生断裂为主的一系列伸展构造。裂谷内岩浆活动在硅质岩的形成过程中为热水活动提供了热源,区域性同生断裂为热水流体的上升提供了通道;对流热水对周边物质的的淋滤和溶解导致了SiO_2的富集;三者的共同作用最终导致一系列不同时代的热水沉积硅质岩在勉略带中形成。     

重庆高燕锰矿床的主量元素特征及其成因意义

高燕锰矿区矿层主量元素比值特征说明锰矿层沉积物主要来自海洋组分,沉积于较深的、弱氧化环境,锰矿形成可能与成岩作用有关。相关性分析结果显示锰矿层中Fe由陆源物质带入,Mn主要来自海洋组分,P主要来自富磷海洋生物。通过R型聚类分析将主量元素分为三组,分别代表陆源沉积物、海洋自生产物和生物沉积,组间相关性反映锰矿具生物成因特点。综上,认为高燕锰矿为海水中锰质经生物作用初始富集后在较深的、弱氧化环境下通过成岩作用所形成。     

缝洞充填物地球化学特征及环境指示意义——以塔里木盆地富满地区中奥陶统一间房组为例

为了明确塔里木盆地富满油田奥陶系一间房组缝洞充填物所蕴藏的环境信息,对富满地区中奥陶统一间房组缝洞充填物微量元素测试,并对所测稀土元素进行北美页岩标准化。结果表明稀土元素标准化曲线整体呈右倾趋势,Ce呈弱亏损,Eu显示强烈正异常。Sr、Al和Ti元素显示缝洞充填物受陆源碎屑物质扰动影响,Sr/Ba整体偏低且均小于1,推断缝洞充填物来源于淡水环境,Fe/Ti、 Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)、Cu+Pb+Zn及Fe+Mn/Ti值表明缝洞充填物受热液活动影响较小,U/Th、Ni/Co和V/Cr比值推测缝洞充填物形成于氧化环境下。综合研究表明,富满地区中奥陶统一间房组缝洞充填物主要形成于氧化条件下的大气淡水环境,主要受陆源物质扰动且受深部热液影响较少。     

瓦房子贫锰矿亚硫酸处理法的研究

绪言 瓦房子锰矿为震旦纪海相沉积矿床,矿区面积很大,为目前我国大规模锰矿之一。但该矿床含锰量较低(一般为18～25％),而含铁量较高(12～16％),含SiO_2达25％左右。矿石形态为胶体致密块状。根据别杰赫琴对锰矿石的分类,此种锰矿石可属于铁锰矿石的第(1)类型,即Mn+Fe≈10％,而Mn/Fe值仅为1～2,故只能作为冶炼镜铁之用,如能经过选矿提高Mn的含量达35％以上,降低铁的含量,使Mn/Fe>6时,始可用作冶炼锰铁。     

黄县盆地古近系煤中元素地球化学特征及其沉积环境指示意义

应用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)方法研究了黄县盆地古近系煤中的常量元素、微量元素及稀土元素的地球化学特征,并根据敏感元素的指示意义探讨了研究区的沉积环境。研究结果表明:黄县盆地古近系煤中常量元素氧化物以SiO_2和Al_2O_3为主;与地壳相比,微量元素富集Mo、Sb、Pb、Bi,其中Mo的富集系数达7. 99。稀土元素含量整体较低,分布在14. 79～222. 78μg/g,平均65. 02μg/g,低于中国煤,接近世界煤。稀土元素分布模式中所有样品十分相似,均呈左高右低的宽缓"V"形曲线,具有明显的LREE富集、HREE亏损的特征,Eu存在明显负异常,表明各煤层稀土元素与陆源碎屑岩关系密切,且成煤期间稀土元素来源一致,陆源物质的供应相对稳定。黄县盆地煤中稀土元素主要以无机相赋存在煤中的黏土矿物中。灰成分指数(Fe_2O_3+CaO+MgO)/(SiO_2+Al_2O_3)、Mg/Ca、δCe/δEu、Sr/Ba以及V/(V+Ni)反映了黄县盆地古近系煤层的沉积环境为还原条件下的陆相淡水环境,且气候湿润,期间间歇受到过海水的影响。     

肃北县红山铁矿硅质岩地球化学特征及地质意义

通过主量、微量与稀土元素的研究,红山铁矿区内硅质岩具低Si、高Fe和低Al的特征.(w(Fe)+w(Mn))/w(Ti)、w(Fe)/w(Ti)、w(Al)/(w(Al)+w(Fe)+w(Mn))显示热水沉积硅质岩特征.硅质岩微量元素相对于地壳丰度大多亏损,其中Ba富集较为明显.w(U)/w(Th)与w(Sr)/w(Ba)表明具热水沉积特征.稀土元素总量低,轻稀土较重稀土富集,经北美页岩标准化,Eu负异常、Ce异常不明显.(w(La)/w(Ce))_(CN)=1.082~1.353,具大陆边缘深海的硅质岩特征.红山铁矿为热水沉积成因有关的铁矿床,有陆源物质介入,当时形成于大陆边缘深海环境.     

胶莱盆地早白垩世瓦屋夼组、水南组元素地球化学特征与古环境分析

胶莱盆地莱阳群瓦屋夼组和水南组多以页岩和砂岩为主,见部分灰岩。采用波长色散X荧光光谱仪、等离子质谱仪等对研究区岩石样品进行元素地球化学测试,根据样品的主量、微量、稀土元素含量及相关元素比值,探讨瓦屋夼组、水南组的古沉积环境。得到以下结论:瓦屋夼组、水南组SiO_2、MgO、CaO含量较高,水南组部分样品Al_2O_3含量超过10%,且两套地层都表现出较明显的轻稀土元素富集特征;利用Sr/Ba、Rb/K、V/Ni、Th/U、Fe2+/Fe3+、U/Th、Eu/Eu*、Ce/Ce*、Sr/Cu等一系列环境判别指标,结合近期研究成果和野外地质特征认为,瓦屋夼组具明显的海相沉积特征,形成于干热和氧化环境,水南组也具有海相沉积特征,形成于干热和还原环境。     

川北旺苍地区茅口组地球化学特征及古环境记录

通过对川北旺苍地区鹿渡坝剖面中二叠统茅口组碳酸盐岩地球化学特征的研究,探讨古沉积环境意义。32件样品δ13 C和δ18 O值整体稳定,两者不存在线性关系,均满足δ18 O-6‰、wMn/wSr≤0.6、wFe/wSr3、wMgO/wCaO0.125,不受后期成岩蚀变的影响,可作为古环境分析的对象。陆源的Al_2O_3、TiO_2含量低且强烈正相关,稀土元素分异程度整体较弱,∑REE与∑(Al_2O_3+TiO_2)有较强烈的正相关,纵向上,∑(Al_2O_3+TiO_2)和∑REE的变化趋势相同,而与古水深指标wSr/wBa、1000×(wSr/wCa)值的变化趋势相反。结合wSr/wBa、1000×(wSr/wCa)、wU/wAl、wV/wAl、wCr/wAl、wCo/wAl、wU/wTh及wV/wV+Ni比值特征,认为茅口组沉积期间陆源物质供给很少,稀土元素含量主要受陆源供给的影响;古海洋温度为14.98~26.55℃,古海水盐度(Z值)为132.3~135.2;茅口组沉积于陆表海缺氧-贫氧环境,海平面相对较高,水深在小范围内呈震荡式变化,经历了3次海侵-海退旋回,发育对应的岩相组合,其痕量元素演化曲线可作为地层划分的依据。     

贺兰山中南部香山群地球化学特征及构造沉积背景

为了明确贺兰山中南部地区早古生代的构造沉积背景,对香山群硅质岩和碎屑岩区域系统采样,并进行地化特征对比分析,探讨构造背景及沉积环境。研究表明,香山群硅质岩w(A1)/(w(A1)+w(Fe)+w(Mn))均值0.42,w(Fe)/w(Ti)均值33.10,受热液和生物成因的共同作用,北部偏生物成因,南部多热液成因。碎屑岩样品w(Al_2O_3)/w(MnO)均值309,w(Al_2O_3)/w(CaO)均值50.41,w(V)/(w(V)+w(Ni))均值0.74,指示处于陆源碎屑供应充足的厌氧环境。综合w(Fe_2O_3)/w(TiO_2)-w(Al_2O_3)/(w(Al_2O_3)+w(Fe_2O_3))、w(K_2O)/w(Na_2O)-w(SiO_2)/w(Al_2O_3)图解及典型沉积构造分析,认为研究区早古生代为被动大陆边缘斜坡-半深海平原环境,以中卫-青铜峡断裂为界,由北向南水体逐渐变深。     

右江盆地泥盆系硅质岩地球化学特征及地质意义

探讨右江盆地泥盆纪盆地演化。对盆地东南缘六强、那洋地区泥盆纪硅质岩地球化学特征研究表明,硅质岩的SiO_2质量分数为88.40%～97.89%,具有较高的硅化程度。多数样品具有较低的Eu/Eu~*值和较高的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值,指示硅质岩主要为非热液成因。上泥盆统榴江组有较明显的Ce负异常(Ce/Ce~*值为0.37～0.57),中下泥盆统平恩组和坛河组具有中等Ce负异常值(Ce/Ce~*值分别为0.55～0.57和0.55～0.71)。3组样品均具有明显的Y正异常。除去SiO_2稀释作用的影响后,榴江组硅质岩具有较高的稀土元素含量(∑REE+Y含量相当于PAAS组成的2～5倍),暗示其形成于相对远离陆源供应的环境。综合其他地区硅质岩的地球化学特征,认为泥盆纪右江盆地具有逐渐伸展的演化趋势。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the