镀银铜粉的制备及其导电性研究

采用乙二胺调节A液pH值,用化学置换法制备镀银铜粉.讨论了银氨溶液的浓度,pH值以及银氨离子和还原剂的摩尔比对镀银铜粉导电性能的影响.结果表明,采用乙二胺调节A液pH的方法,所得粉末表层无点缀结构的银颗粒生成,抑制了铜氨离子的生成.而且当银氨离子浓度为0.06 mol/L,pH为9.5,银氨离子和还原剂摩尔比为1∶1时,镀银铜粉的导电性能最佳.     

镍磷化学镀镀层沉积速率影响因素研究

本文着重讨论了影响镍磷化学镀镀层沉积速率的主要因素,研究了镀液中硫酸镍浓度、次亚磷酸钠浓度、pH值、络合剂浓度及络合剂种类与化学镀镀层沉积速率的关系.实验结果表明:镍磷化学镀镀层沉积速率除随着硫酸镍浓度、次亚磷酸钠浓度、pH值、络合剂浓度的增大而加快外,还与络合剂种类有密切的关系,但当这些因素取上限值时,沉积速率不再上升,反而会出现下降的趋势.由此可得出优选的镀液配方为:硫酸镍、次亚磷酸钠浓度均为28~35g/L,pH值5.5~6.0,并添加复合络合剂,通过溶液中镍离子的浓度确定络合剂的最佳用量.     

树枝状大分子的合成及其阻垢性能

采用发散合成法,合成了以乙二胺为核的1.0代树枝状大分子聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM 1.0),用静态法测定了树枝状大分子在高硅溶液中对胶体硅的阻垢性能.结果表明,PAMAM 1.0在高硅溶液中对胶体硅有较好的阻垢效果,且阻垢效果受pH值、溶解硅初始质量浓度和PAMAM 1.0用量的影响。在pH值为7.0,溶解硅初始质量浓度为500?mg/L的溶液中,PAMAM 1.0有效质量浓度为60mg/L时,30h后溶液中的溶解硅质量浓度能够保持为406.24mg/L,远高于使用其他阻垢剂时的质量浓度.作为一种新型的水处理剂.PAMAM 1.0显示了良好的应用前景。     

硫脲溶液中金银的选择性沉淀分离

提出了一种可以从硫脲溶液中选择性沉淀金、银离子的高效沉淀剂(BAF),研究了硫脲溶液中硫脲浓度、金属阳离子初始浓度、pH值、沉淀剂添加量等因素对金属溶液中金、银及其他金属阳离子和沉淀剂阴离子沉淀率的影响.为了评价影响因素,提出了溶液中离子的沉淀率计算公式,并以沉淀剂与金、银、铜、铅、铁(Ⅱ)、铁(Ⅲ)等6种金属阳离子及硫脲的反应为例,验证了酸性溶液中由此种沉淀剂提取金银时,对其他金属阳离子的影响不大,以及所提计算公式的可靠性.     

ZM6镁合金化学镀镍预处理工艺及镀层耐蚀性

采用浸锌预处理工艺,研究在碱式碳酸镍体系中ZM6镁合金表面化学镀镍层性能.用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X线衍射仪(XRD)研究浸锌层和镀镍层的形貌、成分及镀层结构,采用极化曲线测试镀层的耐蚀性.研究结果表明,浸锌溶液中加入Sn2+可在ZM6镁合金表面获得均匀致密的浸锌层,后续在碳酸镍体系中施镀1 h后所得非晶态Ni-P镀层均匀致密,无明显缺陷,厚度为8.74 μm,磷质量分数达9.29%;在3.5%NaCl溶液中,镀层的自腐蚀电位为-0.609 V,腐蚀电流密度约为基体的1/10,耐腐蚀性能良好.     

黄铜矿表面生物吸附量的测定条件

采用茚三酮比色法测定了在细菌浸矿的过程中,黄铜矿矿物表面吸附细菌细胞裂解液的吸光度,通过对测量波长、裂解时间、溶液pH值、加热时间、冷却时间等影响吸光度因素的实验研究,得出了黄铜矿表面细菌细胞裂解液吸光度的最佳测定条件为:波长560nm,裂解时间25min,溶液pH值7.0,加热时间15min,冷却时间6min.在最佳条件下绘制出了吸光度与矿物表面细菌吸附量之间关系的标准曲线.研究表明细菌裂解液的吸光值与细菌的浓度成正比.     

酒石酸钾钠和EDTA·2Na盐化学镀铜体系

研究了酒石酸钾钠(TART)和EDTA·2Na盐双络合化学镀铜体系中各因素对沉铜速度稳定性及镀层附着力的影响. 实验结果表明: 化学镀铜速度随着络合剂酒石酸钾钠和EDTA·2Na盐浓度以及施镀时间的增加而减小, 随着硫酸铜浓度、甲醛浓度、溶液pH值和反应温度的增加而增加;添加剂α, α'-联吡啶、亚铁氰化钾和PEG-1000对镀铜速度的影响较小, 但对铜镀层外观质量影响较大. 其化学镀铜最佳条件为: CuSO4·5H2O质量浓度为16 g/L, EDTA·2Na盐为21 g/L, 酒石酸钾钠为16 g/L, 甲醛为5.0 g/L, 亚铁氰化钾为70 mg/L, α, α'-联吡啶为8 mg/L, PEG-1000为1 g/L, pH值为12.75, 镀液温度为50 ℃. 在最佳条件下, 化学镀铜30 min后所得镀层附着力良好、外观红亮且镀速达到3.4 μm/h. 由扫描电镜照片可见: 镀层表面平整、光滑、晶粒细致.     

壳聚糖絮凝剂处理废水中的Ag+

研究了利用壳聚糖絮凝剂絮凝除Ag的方法.考察了pH值、离子溶液浓度、絮凝剂用量以及絮凝时间对去除率的影响.实验结果表明:壳聚糖絮凝除银的适宜pH为7~8;当pH=7~8时,用壳聚糖吸附银离子,水样银质量浓度低于20 mg/L时,除银率达100%.即使高浓度含银水样,其除银率也在99.9%以上;絮凝除银时间4 h为宜,其去除率达99.98%;壳聚糖的加入量过多过少都会影响除银效果.分析了壳聚糖絮凝除银的机理.     

铝合金表面电镀镍的耐腐蚀性能

在铝合金表面电镀镍,考察镀液温度、电流密度和镀液pH值等因素对镀层耐蚀性能的影响,获得最佳电镀条件下的镍镀层.选择3.50%NaCl溶液作为腐蚀介质,采用稳态阳极极化曲线法研究镀层的耐蚀性能.用SEM和XRD研究镍镀层在腐蚀前后的微观结构和表观形貌的变化.结果表明镀镍的最佳工艺条件为温度50℃、电流密度30mA/cm2、镀液pH值3.82.XRD测试表明镍镀层的结构为立方晶系,晶面择优取向为(111),腐蚀前后晶面择优取向不变,但(111)晶面的织构系数由35.35%增至61.73%,说明低指数晶面(111)具有较好的耐蚀性能.SEM测试表明最佳条件下制备的半光亮镍镀层均匀致密,具有较好的耐腐蚀性能.     

钴络合物体系同时脱硫脱硝实验研究

烟气同时脱硫脱硝中,NO脱除是其关键问题,乙二胺合钴具有高效催化氧化NO的能力,但Co2(SO3)3沉淀的生成导致脱硝效率降低,实验在乙二胺合钴溶液中加入尿素,使吸收后SO2高效氧化,生成易溶于水的Co2(SO4)3,以保证长时间高的NO脱除效率和高的SO2吸收氧化效率。实验表明:乙二胺合钴溶液中加入尿素,可保证吸收后SO2氧化效率接近100%,NO脱除效率在95%以上;正交实验表明:吸收液pH值对SO2的吸收效率影响最大,其次为吸收液温度和尿素浓度;烟气中氧气含量对SO2的氧化效率影响最显著,其次是吸收液温度和尿素浓度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.