煤矸石散粒料的分形特征研究

应用分形几何理论对徐州地区的煤矸石散粒料进行了粒度分析，并研究了几个矿区煤矸石散粒料的粒度分布的分维，研究表明煤矸石散粒料具有分形结构特征，散粒材料的粒度级配特征参数－不均匀系数Cu=6^1/(3-D)，曲率系数Cc=1.5^1/(3-D)，同时研究了煤矸石的击实特性和强度特性与分维特征的关系。     

露天矿排土场散体岩石粒度分布的分形特征

应用分形几何理论研究了露天矿排土场散体岩石粒度分布的分维特征。研究表明:排土场岩石块度分布具有良好的分形结构,分维数大小随着排土场高度的增加而增加,但不超过3。当分形量测尺度一定时,分维数越大,散体中细颗粒含量越多,平均粒径也越小;当维数D一定时,粒级粗细将随分形量测尺度范围发生变化。分维数与散体剪切强度参数之间存在一定的相关关系。分维数是定量描述岩块粒度粗细含量的一个重要的参数,可用于排土场粒度资料的统计分析。图2,表3,参10。     

分形金相的初步探讨--关于晶粒度的分形特征

对金相的分形特征进行了探讨分析。实验验证闰具有分形特征,并测量了标准图谱中铁素体晶粒度图形的分形维数。考察了晶粒度与分形维数之间的关系。结果表明,金属晶粒可用分形维数定量描述。在１～８级晶粒度范围内,随着晶粒度级别的提高,分形维数数值逐渐增大,其中以１～５级内增大得最为显著。     

粗粒土类别的分形图解

基于分形理论,同时考虑粗粒土的随机性、非规则性,应用随机模糊方法研究了粗粒土的粒度分布分维,讨论了粒度分布分维与粗粒土的均一性、粗度和级配的相互关系。研究发现粗粒土是分形粒子,具有分形效应,细粒土是以分形分布的方式充填到粗粒土之间的,粗粒土组成的结构为分形结构,据此给出了5种粗粒土的典型分形图形并揭示了其特有的性质。结果表明,粒度分布分维是刻画粗粒土特征的有效参数,应用该参数可以控制集料颗粒粒径,达到优化级配、增大集料密度的目的。最后给出了应用粒度分布分维控制颗粒粒径的理想分形级配图形。     

Comparison of effective parameters for copper powder production <Emphasis Type="Italic">via</Emphasis> electrorefining and electrowinning cells and improvement using DOE methods

The influences of cupric ion concentration (5–35 g/L), current density (500–2000 A/m²), circulation rate of the electrolyte solution (15–120 mL/min), and temperature (25–60°C) on the physical and chemical properties of copper powders obtained in electrolysis cells were investigated. Two industrial processes, electrorefining (ER) cells with a synthetic electrolyte and electrowinning (EW) cells with an original solution of copper mineral leaching, were utilized to produce copper powders. Finally, the statistical full factorial method of design of experiments (DOE) was employed to investigate the interaction or the main effects of processes. The results show that increasing the copper concentration and temperature can increase the grain size, apparent density, and electrical energy consumption. On the other hand, increasing the current density and circulation rate of the electrolyte can decrease them. This production process is optimized via DOE to control the interactive and main effects to produce copper powders with favorable properties.     

颗粒尺寸对岩石抗拉强度和断裂韧度影响的数值模拟

选取三种粒径(平均尺寸1.02,2.12,3 mm)花岗岩试样,利用自主开发的岩石破裂过程数值计算软件(RFPA-DIP细观版),进行带缺口试样三点弯曲试验.利用虚裂纹模型描述岩石试样达到峰值载荷前的断裂过程区,引入双线性应力分布模型,将试样内部平均颗粒尺寸与虚裂纹模型建立起联系,通过数值模拟可分别计算出不同颗粒尺寸花岗岩的抗拉强度和断裂韧度.通过引入分形维数概念来表达不同颗粒尺寸花岗岩试样内部颗粒分布的特征,得到结论:颗粒尺寸与分维值呈反比例关系,分维值较小的花岗岩试样其抗拉强度和断裂韧度相对较小.     

两弹塑性非赫兹接触粗糙表面温升的分形模型

针对赫兹接触理论存在的3个缺陷,考虑表面粗糙度和塑性变形,适当处理接触物体交界面处的摩擦,将赫兹接触理论以更符合实际的方式推广到滑动接触．采用球形微凸体的赫兹接触理论和MB修正模型,对微接触点的温升进行了分析,得到了低速滑动区域内的分形区域实际接触面积温升的补充累积概率分布函数的封闭形式表达式．分析结果表明：分形区域的最大温升随滑动速度增大而线性增大,非零域随滑动速度增大而扩展．对于固定的量纲一分形粗糙度参数,最大温升随分形维数增大而减小;对于固定的分形维数,最大温升随量纲一分形粗糙度参数增大而增大．温升的补充累积概率分布函数随滑动速度增大而增大,随分形维数增大或量纲一分形粗糙度参数减小而减小．平均温升为最大温升的0．4023倍,温升的标准差为最大温升的0．24倍．     

Preparation of semi-solid aluminum alloy slurry poured through a water-cooled serpentine channel

A water-cooled serpentine channel pouring process was invented to produce semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry for rheocasting, and the effects of pouring temperature and circulating cooling water flux on the microstructure of the slurry were investigated. The results show that at the pouring temperature of 640-680℃ and the circulating cooling water flux of 0.9 m3/h, the semi-solid A356 aluminum alloy slurry with spherical primary α(Al) grains can be obtained, whose shape factors are between 0.78 and 0.86 and the grain diameter can reach 48-68 μm. When the pouring temperatures are at 660-680℃, only a very thin solidified shell remains inside the serpentine channel and can be removed easily. When the serpentine channel is cooled with circulating water, the microstructure of the semi-solid slurry can be improved, and the serpentine channel is quickly cooled to room temperature after the completion of one pouring. In terms of the productivity of the special equipment, the water-cooled serpentine channel is economical and efficient.     

Dynamic control on grain-size distribution of terrigenous sediments in the western South China Sea: Implication for East Asian monsoon evolution

High-resolution oxygen isotope stratigraphy of Core MD05-2901, which is located off eastern Vietnam in the western South China Sea （SCS）, was established and indicated that the core spans a time period of the past 450 ka. Based on the bulk density, fractional porosity and lithogenic content of the sediments, terrigenous mass accumulation rate （TMAR） was obtained, which is 4.9-6.0 g cm^-2 ka^-1 on average during interglacial stages, higher than that during glacial stages, i.e. 1.9-5.0 g cm^-2 ka^-1, which is different from northern and southern SCS which show higher TMAR in glacial stages. By principle component analysis of grain size distribution of all the samples, two main control factors （F1 and F2） were obtained, which are responsible for about 80% variance of granularity. The contents of grain size population 1.26-2.66 μm% and 10.8-14.3 μm% which are sensible to F1 show high-frequency fluctuation, and correlate well with the summer insolation at 15^o N. They exhibit a distinct cyclicity with frequencies near 23 ka and 13 ka, in contrast to a strong frequency peak near 100 ka obtained in proxies 4.24-7.42 μm% and 30.1-43.7 μm% controlled mainly by F2. The sedimentary character of this part of the SCS was controlled by variations of input flux from two main source areas, namely the southwest and north SCS, which were transported by different circulations of surface current forced by East Asian summer monsoon and winter monsoon respectively. We believe that the East Asian summer monsoon has fluctuated with high frequency and been forced by changes in solar insolation in low latitude associated with precession and half precession, while ice-volume forcing is probably a primary factor in determining the strength and timing of the East Asian winter monsoon but with less important insolation forcing.     

污泥干燥速度曲线的分形维数分析

污泥的干燥速度变化是干燥过程中水分运动的宏观表现，对内部微观的传热传质动力学机制有重要揭示。利用功率谱分析对实验所得间接式加热的污泥干燥速度变化进行分形和混沌特性的判别，并提出Hausdorff维数和整体盒维数的计算方法，以分析其分形规律。通过判断得知，污泥的干燥速度变化具有分形特性。速度变化的Hausdofff维数随参数N值的增大而增大，但波动范围变小，且随着干燥过程进行，其值逐渐减小．另一种反映整体变化的维数——盒维数可以采用变换法计算得出，可用于判别干燥过程的整体分形特性。2种方法所得维数显示，污泥种类和干燥温度等对干燥速度变化的分形均有较大影响。     

烧结矿分形特征

概括了分形理论的基本概念和分形维数的计算方法，总结了在显微分析中的分形模型和分析方法，利用分形分析方法研究了烧结矿材料的粒度分布、孔隙结构，结果发现：烧结矿的粒度分布和孔隙结构具有分性特征，粒度的分维值是评价烧结矿粒度组成情况的一个定量指标，也是材料破碎过程中断裂阻力的一种量度：烧结矿的微孔隙具有多层次的自相似性，烧结矿的分形特征与烧结过程中孔隙的形成机理有关。     

Variation of Zr/Rb ratios on the Loess Plateau of Central China during the last 130000 years and its implications for winter monsoon

To find a new index of winter monsoon without effects of chemical weathering and pedogenesis is an important task in loess research. Chemical analysis of five grain size fractions (i.e. >32 μm, 32–20 μm, 20–8 μm, 8–2 μm and <2 μm) show that Zr is enriched in coarser grain size, while Rb is concentrated in finer fractions. An excellent correlation occurs between Zr/Rb ratios and mean grain size in loess units (L₁LL₁ and L₁LL₂) from Huanxian and Xifeng sections, reflecting that Zr/Rb ratios increase when grain size is coarser. Due to immobility of the two elements during the postdepositional process, Zr/Rb ratios can eliminate the effect of weathering and pedogenesis and serve as an excellent proxy on winter monsoon variation. The Zr/Rb ratio curves of the Huanxian, Xifeng and Luochuan sections during the last 130000 years show that the winter monsoon strength was very weak during MIS 3, which corresponded to the intensity during MIS 5.     

Effect of cross wedge rolling on the microstructure of GH4169 alloy

The metal microstructure during the hot forming process has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of final products. To study the microstructural evolution of the cross wedge rolling (CWR) process, the microstructural model of GH4169 alloy was programmed into the user subroutine of DEFORM-3D by FORTRAN. Then, a coupled thermo-mechanical and microstructural simulation was performed under different conditions of CWR, such as area reduction, rolling temperature, and roll speed. Comparing experimental data with simulation results, the difference in average grain size is from 11.2% to 33.4% so it is verified that the microstructural model of GH4169 alloy is reliable and accurate. The fine grain of about 12-15 μm could be obtained by the CWR process, and the grain distribution is very homogeneous. For the symmetry plane, increasing the area reduction is helpful to refine the grain and the value should be around 61%. Moreover, when the rolling temperature changes from 1000 to 1100℃ and the roll speed from 6 to 10 r·min-1, the grain size of the rolled piece decreases first and then increases. The temperature may be better to choose the value around 1050℃ and the speed less than 10 r·min-1.     

泥石流堆积区粒度分布及分形结构特征

为研究泥石流堆积物粒度分布及分形结构特征,通过对泥石流堆积区现场调查和颗粒分析试验,采用统计图解法和粒度分维法分析泥石流堆积区堆积特征、粒度分形结构特征及与颗粒级配的关系。结果表明:泥石流堆积区具有集中性的特点;泥石流堆积区颗粒具有很好的分形特征,堆积区中右侧分维值均值与堆积区分维值均值接近;泥石流堆积形成由晚至早分维值逐渐减小;堆积物土粒大小级配连续性较好,分维值与不均匀系数和曲率系数均呈正相关。可见泥石流堆积区粒度的相关研究对研究泥石流形成机理及指导泥石流防治具有重要的意义。     

Genesis of continental seismogenic zone and a new fault zone model

Experiments were conducted repeatedly on Mannari granite under different temperature and confining pressure conditions. Systematic micro- and submicro-structural and mechanical analyses of granite samples deformed under 1.5 GPa (confining pressure), at 25℃—650℃temperatures and at 2× 10^-6 s^-1 strain rate show the brittle-ductile deformation microstructures and microstructural associations similar to those observed in naturally deformed crustal rocks and minerals. Brittle fracturing and crystalline plasticity co-exist and react with each other in the brittle-ductile transition domain of the continental lithosphere. The interaction between the different mechanisms in the transitional domain results in the variation of anomalous strength values, which may best explain the genesis of the continental seismogenic zone. A new fault zone model is proposed on the basis of detailed micromechanical and microstructural analyses.     

Deformation behavior and microstructural evolution during hot compression of an α+β Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy

The effect of processing parameters on the flow response and microstructural evolution of the α+β titanium alloy Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si has been studied by conducting isothermal hot compressive tests at a strain rate of 0.01–10 s-1 at 860–1100℃. The true stress-true strain curves of the sample hot-compressed in the α+β phase region exhibit a peak stress followed by continuous flow softening, whereas in the β region, the flow stress attains a steady-state regime. At a strain rate of 10 s-1, the alloy exhibits plastic flow instabilities. According to the kinetic rate equation, the apparent activation energies are estimated to be about 674–705 kJ/mol in the α+β region and 308–335 kJ/mol in the β region, respectively. When deformed in the α+β region, the globularization process of the α colony structure occurs, and α dynamic recrystallized microstructures are observed to show bimodal. Dynamic recrystallization can take place in the β region irrespective of starting deformed structures.     

我国膨胀土的分形结构的研究

通过对我国各地膨胀土的颗粒分析资料的研究，发现膨胀土的颗粒分布具有分形特征，其分维介于２．０￣３．０之间，不同成因的膨胀土颗粒分布的分维不同，为研究膨胀土的成就提供了一个新的定量的方法。文中首次运用一个新方法来确定膨胀土的孔隙表面的分维，在平均曲率半径介于２￣１００μｍ范围内，饱和膨胀土的新方法来确定膨胀土的分维，在平均曲率半径介于２￣１００μｍ范围内，饱和膨胀土的孔隙表面的分维为２．６７，而于膨     

Grain refinement in the coarse-grained region of the heat-affected zone in low-carbon high-strength microalloyed steels

The microstructural features and grain refinement in the coarse-grained region of the heat-affected zone in low-carbon high-strength microalloyed steels were investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscattering diffraction. The coarse-grained region of the heat-affected zone consists of predominantly bainite and a small proportion of acicular ferrite. Bainite packets are separated by high angle boundaries. Acicular ferrite laths or plates in the coarse-grained region of the heat-affected zone formed prior to bainite packets partition austenite grains into many smaller and separate areas, resulting in fine-grained mixed microstructures. Electron backscattering diffraction analysis indicates that the average crystallographic grain size of the coarse-grained region of the heat-affected zone reaches 6–9 μm, much smaller than that of austenite grains.     

岷江上游河谷土壤粒径分形维数及其影响因素

运用土壤体积粒径分维模型计算了岷江上游河谷土壤粒径分形维数,分析了分形维数的空间变化特点及其与粒度组成、粒度参数和铁游离度等之间的关系.土壤粒径分形维数空间分布与气候、植被环境有关.分形维数可以反映粒径大小.分形维数与粒度标准偏差和峰度不存在相关性,样品粒度特征主要受原位母质风化影响.铁游离度(Fed/Fet)与分形维...     

基于分形理论的采空区遗煤孔隙率研究

自燃是煤矿的主要灾害,采空区自燃直接影响到回采工作面的生产,甚至能够造成严重的恶性事故。遗煤的存在是造成采空区自燃的根源,采空区内遗煤属于颗粒堆积型多孔介质范畴。由于遗煤颗粒形状相似但粒径大小差别巨大,具有分形特征。本文基于分形理论建立了采空区遗煤的粒径质量分布分形维数模型,并从实际的采空区内取煤样进行筛分对粒径分布特征进行了分析,通过分析计算得出六合煤矿和阜生煤矿的分形维数分别为2.2596和2.0554。分析影响煤自燃的孔隙主要是外部孔隙,对筛分出来的不同粒径的煤进行了外部孔隙率的测定,结合粒径分布的分形维数,对采空区遗煤的孔隙率进行了分析。通过研究粒径分布分形维数来分析采空区内的孔隙率分布,为采空区内孔隙率的研究提供了一个新思路。