Caveolin-1 re-expression reverses G<Subscript>0</Subscript>/G<Subscript>1</Subscript> arrest in caveolin-1 knockout mesangial cells

Flow cytometry, BrdU incorporation, and western blotting were used to investigate whether caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is involved in cell cycle progression of renal glomerular mesangial cells. Wide type mesangial cells re-entered the cell cycle after 22 h incubation with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Cav-1 knockout cells remained in G₀/G₁ phase after 48 h, which indicated that Cav-1 knockout mesangial cells were G₀/G₁ arrest. The protein level of cyclin D1 significantly increased after incubation with 20% FBS for 6 h in wide type mesangial cells, and 12 h in Cav-1 knockout cells. It suggested that cyclin D1 upregulation was delayed in knockout mesangial cells. Cav-1 re-expression in Cav-1 knockout mesangial cells increased the ratio of S phase from 4.8% to 15.26%, and decreased the ratio of G₀/G₁ phase from 90.96% to 77.84%, which implied that Cav-1 re-expression can reverse cell cycle arrest. It concludes that Cav-1 may promote the proliferation of mesangial cells.     

Parthenolide inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through induction of G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest

Objective: This study is to determine the effect of the natural product parthenolide, a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from extracts of the herb Tanacetum parthenium, on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods: Rat aortic VSMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro, and treated with different concentrations of parthenolide (10, 20 and 30 μmol/L). [³H]thymidine incorporation was used as an index of cell proliferation. Cell cycle progression and distribution were determined by flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, the expression of several regulatory proteins relevant to VSMC proliferation including IκBα, cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), p21, and p27 was examined to investigate the potential molecular mechanism. Results: Treatment with parthenolide significantly decreased the [³H]thymidine incorporation into DNA by 30%~56% relative to control values in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Addition of parthenolide also increased cell population at G₀/G₁ phase by 19.2%~65.7% (P<0.05) and decreased cell population at S phase by 50.7%~84.8% (P<0.05), which is consistent with its stimulatory effects on p21 and p27. In addition, parthenolide also increased IκBα expression and reduced Cox-2 expression in a time-dependent manner. Conclusion: Our results show that parthenolide significantly inhibits the VSMC proliferation by inducing G₀/G₁ cell cycle arrest. IκBα and Cox-2 are likely involved in such inhibitory effect of parthenolide on VSMC proliferation. These findings warrant further investigation on potential therapeutic implications of parthenolide on VSMC proliferation in vivo.     

Identification of a G1-type cyclin puc1+ in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

In rapidly growing cells of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the cell cycle is regulated chiefly at Start, just before the G1-S boundary, whereas in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the cycle is predominantly regulated at G2-M. Both control points are present in both yeasts, and both require the p34cdc2 protein kinase. At G2-M, p34cdc2 kinase activity in S. pombe requires a B-type cyclin in a complex with p34cdc2; this complex is the same as MPF (maturation promoting factor). The p34cdc2 activity at the G1-S transition in S. cerevisiae may be regulated by a similar cyclin complex, using one of the products of a new class of cyclin genes (CLN1, CLN2 and WHI1 (DAF1/CLN3)). At least one is required for progression through the G1-S phase, and deletion of all three leads to G1 arrest. WHI1 was isolated as a dominant allele causing budding yeast cells to divide at a reduced size and was later independently identified as DAF1, a dominant allele of which rendered the cells refractory to the G1-arrest induced by the mating pheromone alpha-factor. The dominant alleles are truncations thought to yield proteins of increased stability, and the cells are accelerated through G1. Without WHI1 function, the cells are hypersensitive to alpha-factor, enlarged and delayed in G1. Heretofore, this G1-class of cyclins has not been identified in other organisms. We have isolated a G1-type cyclin gene called puc1+ from S. pombe, using a functional assay in S. cerevisiae. Expression of puc1+ in S. pombe indicates that it has a cyclin-like role in the fission yeast distinct from the role of the B-type mitotic cyclin.     

理论研究半金属TiB2的电子结构和光学特性

为了系统地分析半金属TiB₂的能带结构及光学特性，采用密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法，计算分析了TiB₂的电子结构及光学特性。能带结构表明TiB₂具有直接带隙宽度为0.388 eV的半金属材料，在费米能级附近，态密度的价带主要由Ti的3p价电子和B的2p价电子起作用，导带由Ti的3d价电子起主要贡献。从获得的光学特性参数发现在光子能量为0.73 eV处，Ti的4s3p和B的2p电子发生共振，复介电函数的峰值主要出现在低能区，材料对紫外光的最大吸收系数为4.03×10⁵cm^-1。本研究得到的光学特性参数在光电子器件、微电子和紫外探测器等制作方面有着较好的参考作用。     

Dephosphorylation and activation of a p34cdc2/cyclin B complex in vitro by human CDC25 protein.

Oocytes arrested in the G2 phase of the cell cycle contain a p34cdc2/cyclin B complex which is kept in an inactive form by phosphorylation of its p34cdc2 subunit on tyrosine, threonine and perhaps serine residues. The phosphatase(s) involved in p34cdc2 dephosphorylation is unknown, but the product of the fission yeast cdc25+ gene, and its homologues in budding yeast and Drosophila are probably positive regulators of the transition from G2 to M phase. We have purified the inactive p34cdc2/cyclin B complex from G2-arrested starfish oocytes. Addition of the purified bacterially expressed product of the human homologue of the fission yeast cdc25+ gene (p54CDC25H) triggers p34cdc2 dephosphorylation and activates H1 histone kinase activity in this preparation. We propose that the cdc25+ gene product directly activates the p34cdc2-cyclin B complex.     

VUV threshold photoelectron spectroscopy of the C2H3Cl molecule

The threshold photoelectron spectrum of the C₂H₃Cl molecule is studied by using synchrotron radiation light source and supersonic molecular beam. The vertical ionization potentials of different orbital electrons and some vibrational structures are obtained. The observed Rydberg autoionization peaks are assigned by A²A¹ state of C₂H₃Cl₊.     

Pu(H2O)53+和Pu(H2O)54+ 团簇的相对论密度泛函研究

用TPSSTPSS密度泛函方法, Pu离子和H₂O分子分别采用相对论有效原子实势(RECP)和6-31g基组, 研究了Pu(H₂O)₅³⁺和Pu(H₂O)₅⁴⁺ 团簇溶剂化和非溶剂化效应中的几何结构及紫外可见吸收光谱. 计算结果表明: 水溶剂环境对Pu(H₂O)₅³⁺及Pu(H₂O)₅⁴⁺ 团簇的几何结构影响都比较明显. NBO电荷分析表明水分子与钚离子之间没有直接的电荷转移. 所研究团簇的未配对电子都占据5f轨道. 在气相及水溶剂环境下, 所研究团簇的紫外可见吸收光谱存在较大差距. 主要的吸收峰大都源于f电子之间的跃迁.     

Polo-like kinase 1 phosphorylates cyclin B1 and targets it to the nucleus during prophase

In vertebrate cells, the nuclear entry of Cdc2-cyclin B1 (MPF) during prophase is thought to be essential for the induction and coordination of M-phase events. Phosphorylation of cyclin B1 is central to its nuclear translocation, but the kinases that are responsible remain unknown. Here we have purified a protein kinase from Xenopus M-phase extracts that phosphorylates a crucial serine residue (S147) in the middle of the nuclear export signal sequence of cyclin B1. We have identified this kinase as Plx1 (ref. 16), a Xenopus homologue of Polo-like kinase (Plk)-1. During cell-cycle progression in HeLa cells, a change in the kinase activity of endogenous Plk1 toward S147 and/or S133 correlates with a kinase activity in the cell extracts. An anti-Plk1 antibody depletes the M-phase extracts of the kinase activity toward S147 and/or S133. An anti-phospho-S147 antibody reacts specifically with cyclin B1 only during G2/M phase. A mutant cyclin B1 in which S133 and S147 are replaced by alanines remains in the cytoplasm, whereas wild-type cyclin B1 accumulates in the nucleus during prophase. Co-expression of constitutively active Plk1 stimulates nuclear entry of cyclin B1. Our results indicate that Plk1 may be involved in targeting MPF to the nucleus during prophase.     

RAgSb2金属间化合物的第一性原理研究

本文从理论计算的角度研究RAgSb_2(R=La-Sm,Gd-Er)合金的部分物理性质,为解释这些化合物的奇特物理性质提供理论依据。采用第一性原理计算方法研究RAgSb_2化合物的结构、机械性能、声子以及热力学性质。根据Birch-Murnagha方程拟合结果,发现LaAgSb_2无磁性,其余合金均表现磁有序,其中除了CeAgSb_2和GdAgSb_2外,其余的RAgSb_2合金的反铁磁态能量低于铁磁态。这些化合物的结合能计算数值均为负值,说明它们具有稳定的结构。而弹性模量的计算结果表明这些化合物具有稳定的机械性能。根据泊松比和B/G值,可以证实GdAgSb_2合金和TbAgSb_2合金具有韧性,而其余的合金表现为脆性。声子谱的计算结果显示这些合金具有稳定的热力学性质,其热容CV随着温度的升高,在低温下急剧增加并与T~3成正比,在较高温度下缓慢增加并趋向于Dulong-Petit极限,高温下的热容接近47.5cal·cell~(-1)·K~(-1)。     

Effects of Yb^3＋ codoping on visible and near infrared emissions of Er^3＋-Yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders by the sol-gel method

The 0.1 mol% Er^3＋ and 0-2 mol% Yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders were prepared by the sol-gel method, and the phase structure, including only two crystalline types of doped Al2O3 phase, γ-（Al,Er, Yb）2O3 and θ-（Al,Er, Yb）2O3, was detected at the sintering temperature of 1000℃. The visible and near infrared emissions properties depended strongly on the Yb^3＋ codoping, and the corresponding maximal peak intensities centered at about 523, 545, 660 and 1533 nm were obtained respectively for the 0.1 mol% Er^3＋ and 0.5 mol% Yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders, which were composed of θ-（Al,Er,Yb）2O3 and a small amount of γ-（Al,Er, Yb）2O3 phases. The two-photon absorption process was responsible for the visible up-conversion emissions, and the one-photon absorption process was involved in the near infrared emissions of the Er^3＋-yb^3＋ codoped Al2O3 powders.     

Theoretical study on photophysical property of C60M（CO）5 （M=Cr,Mo and W）

Configurations of three η2 models of transition-metal [60]fullerene derivatives C60M（CO）5（M=Cr, Mo and W） have been optimized at B3LYP/LanL2DZ level. On the basis of the optimized geometrical structures, their electronic spectra and the frequency dependence of third-order nonlinear optical polarizabilities γ in different optical processes of third-harmonic generation （THG）, electric-field-induced second-harmonic generation （EFISHG） and degenerate four-wave mixing （DFWM） are calculated by using TDB3LYP model based on LanL2DZ level coupled with the SOS （sum-over-state） method. The obtained results show that their electronic spectra have a red shift compared with that of [60]fullerene and different transition-metal functional groups added to C60 cage may result in different spectrum properties. For the three studied species, （η^2-C60）Mo（CO）5 has the largest third-order nonlinear optical polarizability.     

Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of insulin T3R3 states created in different conditions

In the presence of a series of small organic molecules including 1, 4 dioxane, DMF, isopropanol, rDNA human insulin, mutants A21 Asn→Ser and (A21 Asn→Ser, B27 Thr→Arg) human insulin have been crystallized in both Zn 2+ containing and Zn 2+ free system. Preliminary crystallographic analyses show that they all belong to T 3R 3 structural type. The results indicate that, except phenolic derivatives and lyotropic anions reported before, some other appropriate organic molecules can also induce the T 3R 3 conformation transition of insulin.     

Dephosphorylation and activation of Xenopus p34cdc2 protein kinase during the cell cycle

Genetic studies in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe have established that a critical element required for the G2----M-phase transition in the cell cycle is encoded by the cdc2+ gene. The product of this gene is a serine/threonine protein kinase, designated p34cdc, that is highly conserved functionally from yeast to man2 and has a relative molecular mass of 34,000 (34 K). Purified maturation-promoting factor (MPF) is a complex of p34cdc2 and a 45K substrate that appears in late G2 phase and is sufficient to drive cells into mitosis. This factor has been identified in all eukaryotic cells, and in vitro histone H1 is the preferred substrate for phosphorylation. The increase in the activity of H1 kinase in M-phase is associated with a large increase in total cell protein phosphorylation which is believed to be a consequence of MPF activation. We show here that the H1 kinase activity of p34cdc2 oscillates during the cell cycle in Xenopus, and maximal activity correlates with the dephosphorylated state of p34cdc2. Direct inactivation of MPF in vitro is accompanied by phosphorylation of p34cdc2 and reduction of its protein kinase activity.     

CO2的温室效应饱和度分析及其大气体积分数预测模型

通过精确的LBLRTM逐线积分模式建立CO_2体积分数变化模型,分析了CO_2的温室效应饱和度,并对未来地表温升的变化趋势进行了预测.结果表明,目前CO_2的持续排放只能使其在680cm~(-1)强吸收带中心达到饱和,而在未来相当长一段时间内,其仍将通过该吸收带的翼区以及1 000cm~(-1),1 350cm~(-1)与1 900cm~(-1)等弱吸收带对地表红外辐射表现出强烈的吸收,CO_2的温室效应还远未达到饱和;如果按照当前CO_22.2(mL/·m~(-3))/a的年排放速率,CO_2的大气体积分数将会持续增加,从而造成地表温度不断升高,到2056年,地表温升将会达到2K.     

石墨相氮化碳表面包覆改善锂离子电池正极材料LiCoO2电化学性能的研究

通过简单的固相法和液相法,分别制备出石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）表面改性的商品化LiCoO₂复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜观察改性后的材料,发现g-C₃N₄都均匀地包裹在LiCoO₂表面。两种g-C₃N₄-LiCoO₂复合材料被用作锂离子电池的正极材料,电化学测试结果显示,固相法制得的g-C₃N₄-LiCoO₂复合材料在0.2 C的倍率下充放电测试,首次比容量达167 mA·h·g^-1,循环80次后,比容量仍达132 mA·h·g^-1,高于未经g-C₃N₄包裹的纯LiCoO₂（98 mA·h·g^-1）;液相法制得的Y-C₃N₄-LiCoO₂复合材料循环稳定性明显优于同类材料,循环80次后容量保持率均在95%以上。试验证实,g-C₃N₄表面改性的策略具有一定的实用价值,改性后,材料优异的电化学性能归因于g-C₃N₄的包裹处理,这不仅增强了固体电解质界面（SEI）的稳定性,也抑制了锂离子嵌入/脱出电极材料时引起LiCoO₂体积的变化。     

Synthesis and antitumor activity of iodo-bridged binuclear platinum complex

Cisplatin antitumor activity was discovered in 1967, and cisplatin entered clinical phase I trial in 1971, and was approved for clinical use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1979. Cisplatin is the first metal complex available for the treat…     

Synthesis mechanism of LiNiVO4 by wet chemical method and mixed valence of nickel and vanadium

The single phase LiNiVO₄ has been successfully synthesized by adopting a new mild liquid route with oxalic acid as both complexant and precipitant, and this method is named the CPG method. The products were obtained by sintering the dry gel precursor which was prepared by the CPG method at 200—850℃ for 2—10 h in air. The products were tested by XRD, XPS, ESR and TGA-DTA, and the results indicate that the single phase LiNiVO₄ could be obtained at 450℃ for 2—3 h in air and LiNiVO₄ was still steady at 850℃ for 10 h. The valence analyses show that in LiNiVO₄ the valence of lithium is +1, both nickel and vanadium have the mixed valence, namely +2, +3 for nickel and +4, +5 for vanadium respectively. The LiNiVO₄ can be expressed as LiNi³⁺_xNi²⁺_1-xV⁴⁺_xV⁵⁺_1-xO₄ (0≤x<1). The pyrolysis mechanism of the dry gel is also discussed.     

BLim1/2+(m=6、7)团簇的结构及储氢性能的研究

为开发新型储氢材料提供更为丰富的理论基础,采用B3LYP泛函在6-311++G(d,p)基组水平上对BLi₆⁺超碱团簇和BLi₇²⁺超碱土团簇的稳定性结构、电荷分布等方面进行理论研究,进而研究团簇的储氢性能。结果表明：两个离子团簇均比它们所对应的中性团簇均具有较高的动力学稳定性。两个离子团簇中的每个Li原子同时有效吸附2个氢分子,BLi₆⁺团簇中氢分子在团簇表面平均吸附能为0.969~2.162kCal/mol,储氢质量分数达31.56wt%。而BLi₇⁺团簇中氢分子在团簇表面平均吸附能为1.764~3.714kCal/mol,储氢质量分数达32.21wt%。它们的储氢性能表明BLi₆⁺团簇和BLi₇²⁺团簇均有望成为良好的储氢媒介。